Download 3D Modeling of a Complete Respiratory Airway for Use in

MENTORS
T H E
A I R W AY S
3D Modeling of a Complete Respiratory Airway for Use in Computational Flow Dynamics Studies of Particle Deposition in the Lungs
THE MODEL
METHODS
ORAL
CAVITY
The oral cavity model was created by
making a cast of a 22-year-old female
volunteer’s mouth.
The cast was scanned using a Model
Maker Z140 3D Scanner with a Romer
Cimcore Infinite Arm.
The model of the oropharynx,
laryngeopharynx, and larynx was
created in Maya.
LARYNX
The dimensions were taken from
multiple sagittal and anterior medical
photographs of cadavers and a partial
cadaver cast of the throat.
The model of the trachea, main
bronchi, and bronchi generations 2-5
was created using 3D Doctor and
slices from the thoracic region of the
female Visible Human Project (VHP).
TRACHEA
The VHP images were imported into
3D Doctor, and each airway boundary
was defined.
A 3D, polygon-based surface model
was rendered in 3D Doctor by
connecting the defined boundaries
from all of the segmented images.
MAIN BRONCHI
Branches beyond the 5th generation
were trimmed off due to their lack of
clarity in the VHP images.
BRONCHI
GEN 2-5
The model of bronchi generations
6-19 was created in Maya.
The dimensions were obtained from
the paper Models of the human
bronchial tree by Keith Horsefield,
Gladys Dart, Dan E. Olson, Giles F.
Filley, and Gordon Cumming.
Branching angles were provided in the
paper; however, angles relative to
gravity had to be estimated.
BRONCHI
GEN 6-19
A model of the left lung was created
using 3D Doctor and slices from the
thoracic region of the female Visible
Human Project (VHP). The bronchi
model was placed into the lung model,
and the angles relative to gravity were
estimated in order for the bronchi to
fit in the lower posterior lobe.
The acinus model was created in
Maya.
ACINUS
The dimensions were measured
from a cast of a human acinus
observed under a scanning electron
microscope.
M AYA
MODELING
Can create more organically shaped models than engineering CAD programs.
Models are more modifiable, meaning they can be altered to represent
different disease states (e.g., asthma).
VP SCULPT
REFINEMENT
• Reducing faces
• Smoothing
• Trimming and deleting edges
SOLID WORKS
CONVERSION & MEASUREMENTS
Converts the model from a surface texture to a closed-volume, solid model.
The model created in Solid Works represents the volume of air inside the airway.
Measurements are made to ensure that the dimensions of the model are defined and accurate.
FUTURE RESEARCH
MAYA TO CFD
R o c h e s t e r
I n s t i t u t e
o f
T e c h n o l o g y
BETSY SKRIP
Medical Illustration
I M A G I N G
PATHOLOGICAL COMPARISONS
The next model to be created will be the airway of an asthmatic. Bronchial tubes in asthmatic sufferers are constricted,
thereby reducing air flow. Creation of this model will involve altering the morphometry of the healthy-state airway model.
MODELING THE BRONCHIAL TREE
Using data from Models of the human bronchial tree, we plan to eventually create a complete model of
the entire respiratory tract. This will involve modeling one complete pathway for all lobes of both
the left and right lungs.
3D MODELING AND ANIMATION OF
THE RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE
Other 3D models of the respiratory system do not extend beyond the acinus.
The goal of this project, which was started in summer 2007, is to continue this
visual reduction to the nanoscale level (less than 100 nm) in an effort to model
cellular and molecular detail of the respiratory membrane.
WHAT IS THE
RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE?
Capillaries (very small blood vessels)
surround the alveoli (rounded projections) of
an acinus.
The respiratory membrane, also called the blood-air
barrier, is the interface between an alveolus and a capillary.
Inhaled oxgen crosses the respiratory membrane into the bloodstream,
and carbon dioxide crosses from the blood into the airways and is exhaled.
WHY MODEL THE RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE?
Recent research has shown that nanoparticles (particles less than 100 nm in at least
one dimension) can cross the respiratory membrane.
FLUENT
However, the mechanisms of transport are not well known.
COMPUTATIONAL FLOW DYNAMICS
Modeling the structure of the respiratory membrane will help us to visualize the
possible mechanisms of nanoparticle transport.
• Flow Analysis
• Particle Deposition
DR. RISA ROBINSON
DR. RICHARD DOOLITTLE
Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
585-475-6445
[email protected]
http://people.rit.edu/~rjreme/banner.htm
Professor and Head
Allied Health Sciences Department
716-475-2978
[email protected]
http://people.rit.edu/rldsbi
Future studies will also help us to better understand the possible health effects and
medical applications of nanoparticle inhalation.
SPONSOR
American
Cancer
Society ®
MODELERS
JACKIE RUSSO
JESSICA WEISMAN
BETSY SKRIP
MFA, Mechanical Engineering
Class of 2007
MFA, Medical Illustration
Class of 2007
MFA, Medical Illustration
Class of 2008
Oral Cavity, Trachea, Main Bronchi,
Bronchi Generations 2-5
Larynx, Acinus
Bronchi Generations 6-19
Respiratory Membrane