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TEST NAME: Review Structures and Functions
TEST ID: 654450
GRADE: 08
SUBJECT: Life and Physical Sciences
TEST CATEGORY: School Assessment
Review Structures and Functions
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Student: Class:
Date:
1.
Which pair correctly matches a vector and the infectious disease it
carries? A.
human – influenza
B.
opossum – rabies
C.
mosquito – malaria
D.
flea – Lyme disease
2.
Which application of biotechnology is of greatest economic benefit to
North Carolina? A.
development of livestock that are more domesticated
B.
development of livestock that produce higher quality meat
C.
development of crops that can be grown in extremely dry
environments
D.
development of crops that can be grown in extremely low
temperatures
3. Millions of people living all over the world have cancer. Is cancer a pandemic?
A.
No, because cancer is not contagious.
B.
No, because cancer is not always fatal.
C.
Yes, because millions of people have cancer.
D.
Yes, because people all over the world have cancer.
4.
How do viruses cause disease?
A.
by secreting toxins
B.
by producing excess waste
C.
by damaging or killing cells
D.
by competing with healthy cells for nutrients
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5.
How does biotechnology most benefit the economy of North Carolina?
A.
creation of jobs
B.
creation of hybrid plants
C.
creation of new medicines
D.
creation of transgenic species
6.
Which is a concern of scientists when genetically modifying plants?
A.
Plants will pass on diseases to animals.
B.
There will be a decrease in biodiversity.
C.
Plants will have a longer growing season.
D.
There will be a decrease in revenue for pesticide manufacturers.
7.
Which illness is spread by eating food that has been contaminated by
bacteria?
A.
botulism
B.
influenza
C.
tuberculosis
D.
Lyme disease
8.
Which is the easiest way for a person to prevent microbial infections?
A.
Avoid contact with animals.
B.
Isolate themselves at home.
C.
Sterilize everything in the home.
D.
Wash hands frequently with hot water and soap.
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9.
Infections spread quickly when bacteria reproduce rapidly. Which best
describes how bacterial cells reproduce themselves?
A.
A bacterial cell will copy its DNA, and then split to produce two cells,
each receiving one copy of the DNA.
B.
A bacterial cell will divide its DNA in half, and then split to produce
two cells, each receiving one­half of the DNA.
C.
Two different bacterial cells will combine DNA, and then split to
produce two cells, each receiving one­half of the DNA.
D.
Two different bacterial cells will combine DNA, and then split to
produce four cells, each receiving one­fourth of the DNA.
10. If a child scrapes his foot on a piece of rusty metal, it is important to get medical treatment because the
A.
metal is corrosive to the skin.
B.
foot carries large amounts of bacteria.
C.
foot is the most sensitive part of the body.
D.
metal may be contaminated and cause infection.
11. A disease that can be passed from one person to another is best described as being
A.
hazardous.
B.
contaminated.
C.
infectious.
D.
toxic.
12.
Which is a hypothesis a scientist could test using principles of
biotechnology?
A.
How long can a wheat plant live without water?
B.
What are the effects of extreme cold on wheat plants?
C.
Can wheat be genetically modified to be resistant to mold?
D.
Which variety of wheat tastes best when made into pasta?
13.
Which leads to the conclusion that strep throat is a bacterial infection? A.
Strep throat is treated with vaccines.
B.
Strep throat is treated with antibiotics.
C.
A strep infection will go away without being treated.
D.
A person who has strep throat can never have it again.
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14.
Wes graduated with a degree in biotechnology. For which job is he best
qualified?
A.
financial manager
B.
automobile mechanic
C.
laboratory researcher
D.
mathematics teacher
15.
Which area of biotechnology would most likely create ethical issues within
human society?
A.
insulin production by bacteria
B.
organ cloning for use in transplants
C.
genetic engineering to improve agricultural yields
D.
DNA and forensic testing of crime scene evidence
16.
What is the main purpose of hand sanitizer?
A.
to promote viral contamination
B.
to reduce the number of virus strands
C.
to increase cell production on one’s hands
D.
to decrease the bacteria found on one’s hands
17.
Which is an example of scientists using biotechnology to benefit
aquaculture?
A.
creating pest­resistant crops
B.
making new forms of human antibiotics
C.
developing a rot­resistant gene for trees
D.
producing a faster­growing salmon species
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18.
Which best describes the treatment of a bacterial infection?
A.
vaccines
B.
antibiotics
C.
fungal creams
D.
insulin injections
19. Why are diseases transmitted through the bites of infected animals not considered contagious diseases?
A.
The infected animals do not show symptoms.
B.
The person in direct contact is the only one infected.
C.
Humans do not become sick from animal diseases.
D.
The diseases are treatable with antibiotics.
20.
How can a pandemic be prevented?
A.
by monitoring exposed humans and animals
B.
by better food preparation practices
C.
by strict nutritional requirements 21.
A tapeworm lives in the intestines of its host. Which example best
describes the relationship between the tapeworm and its host?
A.
The tapeworm benefits from its host; however, the host is not
affected.
B.
The tapeworm does not benefit from its host, but the host does
benefit.
C.
The tapeworm benefits from its host, and the host is negatively
affected.
22. A city has an outbreak of a disease that affects an unusually large portion of its population at the same time.
Which term best describes the outbreak?
A.
pandemic
B.
plague
C.
epidemic
D.
infection
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23.
Which disease would be an example of a current pandemic?
A.
HIV
B.
measles
C.
chicken pox
24.
Which product would be most effective in preventing the spread of a cold
virus?
A.
hand soap
B.
mouthwash
C.
cough drops
D.
antibiotic cream
25.
Which best explains how a virus affects other organisms?
A.
Viruses increase the survival of other organisms.
B.
Viruses immediately destroy all cells they come in contact with.
C.
Viruses live and reproduce in between the cells of other organisms.
D.
Viruses invade the cells of other organisms, using them to reproduce.
26.
Which best compares a virus to a bacterium?
A.
A virus is a large, living particle, and a bacterium is a large, living
cell.
B.
A virus is a tiny, nonliving particle, and a bacterium is a large, living
cell.
C.
A virus is a large, nonliving particle, and a bacterium is the same size
but living.
27.
Which disease is best prevented with vaccines?
A.
leprosy
B.
chicken pox
C.
lyme disease
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28.
What type of science allows us to alter the DNA of a corn plant so that it
will contain more protein?
A.
biology
B.
biotechnology
C.
geology
D.
physiology
29. Scientists discovered that although infectious bacteria may develop immunity to antibiotic
medications, some bacteria are unable to resist certain peptides, which act as natural antibiotic
substances inside the human body. This discovery led to the development of which new technology?
A.
artificial substances that mimic human peptides
B.
antibiotics that can be absorbed through the skin
C.
bacteria that attack antibiotic­resistant organisms
D.
antibiotics that adapt in response to bacterial immunity
30. Which condition must be fulfilled in order for a virus to reproduce?
A.
A virus must have completed internal replication of its DNA.
B.
A virus must be absorbed by a living cell.
C.
A virus must store a surplus of tRNA and amino acids.
D.
A virus must have taken over the protein production resources of a cell.
31.
A large number of patients in a hospital have all developed the same
bacterial infection. Which is most likely the cause of the infection
spreading from patient to patient?
A.
polluted air
B.
contaminated water
C.
unsanitary practices
D.
unhealthy eating habits
32.
All states test infants for specific genetic diseases that can be treated
early in life. Which would most likely be the result if newborn genetic
screening were eliminated?
A.
The human population would drastically decline.
B.
The overall genetic health would drastically decline.
C.
There would be an increase in the adult mortality rate.
D.
There would be an increase in the infant mortality rate.
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33.
Which disease in humans is caused by a parasite?
A.
HIV/AIDS
B.
influenza
C.
malaria
D.
yellow fever
34. Many school districts are placing dispensers of hand sanitizer in classrooms and computer labs. Which of
the following is the most likely purpose of this practice?
A.
conserve water resources
B.
control noninfectious diseases
C.
promote safe use of technology
D.
limit diseases spread by contact
35.
Why do some antibiotics become ineffective over time?
A.
because they only kill certain viruses
B.
because they mutate before being used
C.
because they are overused for treatments
D.
because they only work for a few hours a day
36. Which aspect of modern life could most likely cause an epidemic to turn into a pandemic?
A.
vaccination
B.
transportation
C.
communication
D.
sanitation
37.
Which environmental conditions contribute most to the spread of
bacteria?
A.
cold temperatures and low humidity
B.
warm temperatures and low humidity
C.
cold temperatures and high humidity
D.
warm temperatures and high humidity
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38.
Which best describes the technique of genetic engineering?
A.
manufacturing synthetic DNA in the laboratory from chemicals
B.
cutting out segments of the DNA of an organism under a microscope
C.
exposing the DNA of an organism to radioactivity to produce
mutations
D.
introducing foreign DNA into an organism in order to modify the
organism’s DNA
39. In 1839, Schleiden and Schwann began formulating a theory of cells and their role in living organisms. Over
time, cell theory has been updated. Modern cell theory is summarized below.
Cell theory explains all of the following except
A.
the growth of animals.
B.
how viruses require the cells of living organisms to survive.
C.
how bacteria reproduce.
D.
the storage of chemical energy in plant cells.
40.
After World War I, an outbreak of the Spanish Flu killed 50 million to 100
million people around the world. Which best describes this occurrence?
A.
Epidemic, because it happened within a relatively short time span.
B.
Epidemic, because it affected many individuals in multiple countries.
C.
Pandemic, because it happened within a relatively short time span.
D.
Pandemic, because it affected many individuals in multiple countries.
41.
For which disease would a doctor most likely prescribe an antibiotic?
A.
flu
B.
cold
C.
chickenpox
D.
strep throat
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42.
A scientist examining a specimen in a microscope sees that it is a single­
celled microorganism. What does the scientist observe?
A.
bacteria B.
fungi
C.
virus
43. Tooth decay is an infection that causes deterioration of the protective enamel on teeth, resulting in damage.
Tooth decay is most likely caused by
A.
bacteria.
B.
acidic food.
C.
allergies.
D.
genetic defects.
44.
How could a hospital best handle a case of a person infected with an
antibiotic­resistant disease?
A.
isolate the person
B.
send the person home
C.
give the person more antibiotics
D.
move the person to intensive care
45.
Which is a benefit of storing the genetic information of people who have
previously committed a serious crime?
A.
Offenders will be easier for potential victims to identify since their
genetic information is on file.
B.
Offenders can be genetically profiled to determine which type of crime
they will commit in the future.
C.
Offenders can be more easily identified by their genetic information if
they commit a crime in the future.
D.
Offenders can have their genetic information altered so that they are
less likely to commit crimes in the future.
46. The symptoms of strep throat infection are a red and swollen throat. What is the most likely cause of strep
throat?
A.
eating raw vegetables
B.
drinking lemonade
C.
invading bacteria
D.
running in cold weather
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47.
Which will most likely occur when the quality of sanitation in an area
improves?
A.
The number of disease carriers will increase.
B.
The number of infectious disease cases will decrease.
C.
The amount of available food resources will decrease.
D.
The amount of necessary medical treatment will increase.
48.
Which improvement to agriculture is most likely a result of
biotechnology?
A.
increased land
B.
increased fertilizer
C.
increased productivity
49.
Which type of bioengineered foods might provide consumers with a
healthier diet?
A.
foods lower in saturated fats
B.
foods higher in simple starches
C.
foods that do not need to be refrigerated
D.
foods with large amounts of preservatives
50.
Which disease can be treated by doses of medicine made from the
fungus, Penicillum?
A.
asthma
B.
diabetes
C.
chicken pox
D.
strep throat
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51.
A doctor prescribed an antibiotic to treat an illness. Which type of illness
did the doctor most likely treat?
A.
cancer
B.
heart disease
C.
viral infection
D.
bacterial infection
52.
Bacteria cells can be classified into one of three groups based on cell
shape as shown in the table below.
Name of Cell Shape Description of Cell Shape
coccus
spherical
bacillus
rod like
spirillum
spiral, corkscrew
Which best represents bacterial cells belonging to the bacillus group?
A.
B.
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C.
D.
53. Which factor will most likely cause a person to develop a fever?
A.
a leg muscle relaxing after exercise
B.
a bacterial population in the bloodstream
C.
several viral particles on the skin
D.
carbohydrates being digested in the stomach
54.
How do scientists best analyze data about epidemics and pandemics?
A.
They use computer modeling, cell culture, animal models, and clinical
trials in humans.
B.
They postpone action unless they know everything there is to know
about each one.
C.
They refrain from use of quality control and production of
pharmaceuticals.
55. HIV makes the body vulnerable to secondary infections by targeting
A.
macrophages.
B.
helper T­cells.
C.
cells.
D.
killer T­cells.
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56. Which statement best explains why viruses can only reproduce within a host?
A.
Viruses lack the genes necessary for transcription.
B.
Viruses need the host DNA necessary to replicate.
C.
Viruses need the host cell to break down their cell membranes.
D.
Viruses lack the ribosomes necessary to make their own proteins.
57. Tissue plasminogen activator is a natural blood thinner. The coded sequence for the blood thinner is
called PLAT, found on chromosome 8. It is used to treat people who have heart attacks and strokes. Tissue
plasminogen activator can be made through genetic engineering. What is tissue plasminogen activator?
A.
a gene
B.
a protein
C.
a platelet
D.
a DNA molecule
58.
West Nile virus was once considered a minor risk to humans. Today, it is
transmitted through female mosquitoes. What kind of relationship do
mosquitoes carrying the West Nile virus have with humans?
A.
commensalism
B.
mutualism
C.
parasitism
59. A plant is discolored and has large brown blotches on its leaves. This condition is most likely caused by
A.
pollination.
B.
photosynthesis.
C.
nourishment.
D.
disease.
60.
Vinegar is often used as a household cleaning agent. Which will a
solution of vinegar and water most likely kill?
A.
bacteria
B.
protists
C.
worms
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