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Fungi There’s a fungus among us! Many shapes, sizes, and colors… • Consumers ▫ decomposers (feed on dead plant/animals) ▫ parasites • Can’t eat or engulf food • Need to live on or near their food supply • Symbiotic relationships ▫ Ex.- Fungi growing on plant roots release acid that changes minerals in the soil into forms plants can use. Can protect the plant from disease-causing organisms Parts of Fungi Hyphae Mycelium • • • • • A bunch of hyphae twisted together • Usually hidden underground Part of multicellular fungi Chains of cells Similar to plant roots Have openings in cell walls to allow cytoplasm to move around Fungi Reproduction Sexual Asexual • Special structures form to make sex cells • Hyphae break apart to become new individuals • Sex cells join to produce sexual spores that grow into a new fungus • Spore production ▫ Small reproductive cells protected by a thick cell wall ▫ Light, easily spread by wind Kinds of Fungi Threadlike fungi, sac fungi, club fungi, imperfect fungi Threadlike Fungi Molds • Can reproduce sexually or asexually • Sporangia- round spore cases at the tops of extensions of hyphae • Can survive droughts and cold Sac Fungi- largest group • Yeasts, mildews, truffles, morels • Sexual reproduction= form a sac called an “ascus” • Yeasts= budding (pinch from an existing cell) • Can be eaten • Can be parasitic (plant diseases like chestnut blight, Dutch elm disease) • Sexual reproduction produce the “basidia” (the club tops) • Spores develop inside • Most common= gill fungus • Bracket fungi, smuts, rusts Club Fungi Club Fungi • Hyphae can be up to 35m across • Mushrooms grow at the edges of hyphae= circles Imperfect Fungi • Includes all fungi that don’t fit in other groups • No sexual reproduction • Most are parasitic and cause plant/animal diseases • Athlete’s foot • Aflatoxin (can cause cancer) • Penicillin, medicines • Cheese, soy sauce, citric acid (used in cola) Lichens • Combination of fungus and alga that grow intertwined (alga lives inside the fungus) • Producers (alga can do photosynthesis) • Can withstand drying out because of the fungus cell walls • Need air, light, minerals to grow • Produce acid to break down rocks
