Download Jessie Chen VALENTIN Period 9 04/15/2015

Jessie Chen
VALENTIN Period 9
04/15/2015
A07a_Ch24
A. Dictators Threaten World Peace
Read pages 734 – 741
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Adolf Hitler and his control of Germany started when in 1919; he joined a struggling
group called the National Socialist German Workers’ Party or Nazi Party.
General Francisco Franco led a group of Spanish army officers in 1936 to rebel against
the Spanish Republic, which led to the Spanish Civil War. Franco was backed by Hitler
and Mussolini while Americans formed the Abraham Lincoln Battalion to fight against
him. Franco’s victory in 1939 established him as Spain’s fascist dictator.
In 1935, Congress passed a series of Neutrality Acts; the first two outlawed arms sales or
loans to nations at war, and the third act was passed in response to fighting in Spain,
which extended the ban on arms sales and loans.
Fascism stresses nationalism and places interests of the state above those of individuals.
Nazism was the German brand of fascism that was based on extreme nationalism, racial
purification, and national expansion.
Joseph Stalin took control of the Soviet Union after Lenin died in 1924 and focused on
creating a model communist state by making agricultural and industrial growth the prime
economic goals. He abolished all private farms with collectives – large government
owned farms.
By 1939, Stalin had firmly established a totalitarian government that tried to exert
complete control over its citizens, who had no rights and all forms of opposition were
suppressed.
Benito Mussolini established a totalitarian regime in Italy, where unemployment and
inflations produced strikes, some led by communists. He took advantage and appealed to
Italy’s wounded national pride and established the Fascist Party in 1921.
B. War in Europe
Read pages 742 – 747
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Appeasement was the policy of giving up principles to pacify an aggressor; in this case it
was the British and French appeasing Hitler’s demands.
The blitzkrieg, or lightning war, was Germany’s new military strategy; using fast military
technology to take the enemy by surprise and quickly crush all opposition with
overwhelming force. On September 1 st, 1939; Germany raided Poland; and two days later
Britain and France declared war on Germany.
A nonaggression pact was signed between Stalin and Hitler on August 23, 1939; just
when tensions rose over Poland. The two nations agreed to not attack each other. A
second secret pact was signed to divide Poland between them.
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Charles de Gaulle, a French general, fled to England after the fall of France on June 22,
1940. He set up a government in exile, proclaiming France had lost a battle but not the
war.
Neville Chamberlain, the British prime minister in 1938, agreed to meet Hitler with
French premier Edouard Daladier in Munich, in which he requested his last territorial
demand to be the annexation of Sudetenland. In their eagerness to avoid war,
Chamberlain and Daladier chose to believe him and signed the Munich agreement on
September 30, 1938.
Winston Churchill was Chamberlain’s political rival in Britain at the time, and he
disagreed with his decision to sign the Munich agreement. He warned that this dishonor
would bring war for the British.
C. The Holocaust
Read pages 748 – 755
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Genocide was the policy of deliberately and systematically killing off an entire
population.
Concentration camps were labor camps that the Jews were shipped off to by the Nazis.
Originally these camps were for prisoners of war but were turned over to the SS who
used them to starve, humiliate, torture, and kill.
Ghettos were segregated Jewish areas in certain Polish cities, sealed off with barbed wire
and stone walls.
The Holocaust was the systematic murder of 6 million Jews across Europe along with 5
million other people of other groups by the Nazis,
Kristallnacht, or "Night of Broken Glass, happened November 9-10, 1938. Nazi storm
troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues across Germany and
Austria. Around 100 Jews were killed and hundreds were injured. Some 30,000 Jews
were arrested. The Nazis blamed the Jews for the destruction.
D. America Moves Toward War
Read pages 756 – 763
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The Atlantic Charter was a joint declaration of war aims settled between Churchill and
Roosevelt, pledging to collective security, disarmament, self determination, economic
cooperation, and freedom of the seas. This became the basis for "A Declaration of the
United Nations", which was signed by 26 nations.
Hideki Tojo, chief of staff of Japan's Kwantung Army, launched the invasion into China
in July 1937, taking advantage of French, Dutch, and British colonies that were
unprotected in Asia.
Allies, described by the term United Nations, were the nations that fought the Axis
Powers.
The Axis Powers consisted of the three nations - Germany, Italy, and Japan, who had
signed a mutual defense treaty, the Tripartite Pact, on September 27.
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The Lend-Lease Act was passed in March 1941 for America to bypass their own
isolationist policy and neutrality acts in order to provide aid and supplies to the Allies.