Download Muscle Terminology

Pre-Assignment #10..................................Muscle Tissue & Muscular System
Name: ______________________________
Section #: _______
1) In each case, list and then describe the actions of
three muscles from your lab list (that must first be
downloaded from your syllabus):
a) that directly insert upon the scapula (and thus
describe the actions they have on the scapula).
b) that have origins on the scapula (and thus how
they move other bones in the body)!
NOTE: You MUST use only the muscles that are found on the lab list that is downloaded directly
from your syllabus link. They are the ones you need for your muscle practical.
2) Describe the meaning of the following musculoskeletal terms:
a) antagonists
c) fixators
e) prime mover (agonists)
g) fascicle
b) synergists
d) linea alba
f) epicranius (galea aponeurotica)
h) rigor mortis
3) What muscle(s) from those found in your downloaded muscle
lab list allow the following actions:
a) head flexion at the neck (1)
b) knee flexion (group of 3)
c) arm rotation at shoulder (3)
d) torso compression (4)
e) elbow flexion (3)
f) jaw elevation (2)
g) knee extension (group of 4)
h) leg abduction at hip (2)
4) Look at the myogram below of an isometric twitch contraction
with a single stimulus for the gastrocnemius (used when you stand
up on your toes). Label these 4 areas: a) contraction phase, b) latent period, c) stimulus, and d)
relaxation phase. Now tell me, what would be the only change in the myogram if it was a
complete tetanus (and NOT a twitch contraction)?
5) Define in English the actual meaning for each of the following Latin terms:
a) maximus
c) vastus
e) platysma
g) rectus
b) profundus
d) latissimus
f) superficialis
h) brevis
6) Describe the difference between isometric and concentric
isotonic contractions using the following variables: a) length of the
muscle, b) force generated (tension), and c) examples of use.
Finally, describe what the term treppe means during contraction?
7) Tell me specifically what would happen to a muscle if it did not
have each of the following items:
a) t-tubules,
b) sarcoplasmic reticulum,
c) mitochondria
d) creatine phosphate?
NOTE: Think about what their jobs are and then state
the opposite if they are absent!
8) After visiting the “Cross Bridge Cycle” assignment in the content area of D-2-L, answer the
following questions:
a. What is the functional unit of contraction?
b. What protein makes up thin filaments? How
about thick filaments?
c. What event initiates cross-bridge formation
between myosin and actin?
d. What molecule moves away from the binding
sites on actin?
e. How are myosin heads activated prior to
contraction?
f. What are the four steps of contraction?
g. How is cross-bridge cycling ended?
h. What molecule covers the binding sites on actin?
9) Describe how glycolysis (in the cytoplasm), recharging ADP with creatine phosphate
(during rapid contraction), and aerobic metabolism (at moderate activity in a mitochondrion)
differ from one-another in regards to a) net number of ATPs created in each case, b) relative
duration of usefulness (in seconds or minutes), c) association (or not) with lactic acid, and d)
byproducts created by their chemical reactions (ie: the additional items that are created along
with ATP on the right side of the reaction sequence).
10) How do muscle a) origins differ from their b) insertions (by definition)? How would a
muscle’s c) overall length versus its d) width of contribute to its power versus range of motion
(ROM)? Think about physics when you answer this last question! For example, would a wider
muscle or a narrower muscle be stronger? Also, would a longer or a shorter muscle have a
greater ROM?