Download cleopatra - Bremen High School District 228

Bremen School District 228 Social Studies Common Assessment 1: Fall Pretest World Civilization 55 Minutes – 75 Questions Directions: There are 6 historical documents in this test and 35 multiple choice questions that match to these documents. Following are forty multiple choice questions testing World History Content knowledge and critical thinking skills. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer document. You may refer to the passages as often as necessary. Written: 2013­14 Authors: D.J. Brown, Brian McDonough, Joe Banach, Jeff Dyke 1 Common Core Questions 1 ­ 35 Document A Cleopatra by Michelangelo, 1534 2 Document B: Shakespeare Play, Antony and Cleopatra CLEOPATRA To an asp, which she applies to her breast With thy sharp teeth this knot intrinsicate Of life at once untie: poor venomous fool Be angry, and dispatch. 0, couldst thou speak, That I might hear thee call great Caesar ass Unpolicied! CHARMIAN eastern star! CLEOPATRA Peace, peace! Dost thou not see my baby at my breast, That sucks the nurse asleep? CHARMIAN 0, break! 0, break! CLEOPATRA As sweet as balm, as soft as air, as gentle,­­ o Antony!­Nay, I will take thee too. Applying another asp to her arm What should I stay­ Dies Vocabulary: asp: a small snake 3 Document C: Plutarch, Life of Antony (Modified) Plutarch was a Greek historian who lived approximately between 50 CE – 120 CE. He was a wealthy aristocrat who wrote about famous Greeks and Romans. His biographies focused on people’s moral strengths and weaknesses. Here is an excerpt from his biography of Mark Antony. There came a man from the country carrying a basket; and when the guards asked him what he was bringing there, he opened the basket, took away the leaves, and showed them that the dish inside was full of figs. The guards were amazed at the great size and beauty of the figs. The man smiled and asked them to take some; so they felt no mistrust. It is said that a snake was brought with those figs and leaves and lay hidden beneath them. When she took away some of the figs and saw it, she held her arm out for the bite. But the truth of the matter no one knows; for it was also said that she carried about poison in a comb hidden in her hair; and yet neither spot nor other sign of poison broke out upon her body. Some also say that Cleopatra’s arm was seen to have two slight and indistinct punctures; and this Octavian also seems to have believed. An image of Cleopatra herself with the snake clinging to her was carried in his victory parade. 4 Document D: Cassius Dio (Modified) Cassius Dio lived approximately between 164 CE and 230 CE. He was a wealthy Greek who was consul twice and also held important governorships. He wrote eighty books on Roman History, and his position is often sympathetic with emperors, though he is sometimes critical of Octavian. Here is an excerpt from his book Roman History. Octavian, however, feared that she might kill herself. He did not remove any of her servants and asked that they take special care of her, that she might add brilliance to his triumph. But as soon as the others neglected to keep a careful watch, she prepared to die as painlessly as possible. She put on her most beautiful clothing, took in her hands all the symbols of royalty, and so died. No one knows clearly in what way she perished, for the only marks on her body were slight pricks on the arm. Some say she hid a poisonous snake in a water­jar, or perhaps it hidden in some flowers. Others declare that she had smeared a pin, with which she fastened her hair, with a poison that if came into contact with even a drop of blood would destroy the body very quietly and painlessly. In this or in some very similar way she perished, and her two handmaidens with her. When Octavian heard of Cleopatra’s death, he was astounded, and not only viewed her body but also tried to revive her. But when he could not in any way resuscitate Cleopatra, felt both admiration and pity for her, and was excessively grieved on his own account, as if he had been deprived of all the glory of his victory. 5 Document E: Scholarly Journal (Modified) The excerpt below is from an article on Cleopatra’s death published in 2005 in Acta Theologica, a South African journal that publishes articles on religion and theology. One scholar has argued convincingly that the snakebite theory is unlikely. Various North African snakes could have been used. However, in the case of each of these species the area surrounding the bite is characterized by severe pain, swelling and bleeding. Cleopatra had no significant bite marks. On the other hand, if the snake were a cobra, a small bite could swiftly lead to paralysis and death. However, in order to bring about the speedy deaths of three adults, the cobra would have had to be at least 5 to 6.5 feet in length. Another scholar thinks the snakebite theory could have originated as a result of popular misunderstanding at the time of Octavian’s victory parade through Rome. An image of Cleopatra was displayed in the procession, wearing the robes of Isis and with the goddess’s traditional armlet (a coiled snake) on her forearm. Roman spectators ignorant of Egyptian religious symbolism might have interpreted this as suggesting that her death had been caused by a snake. There is also a possibility that Cleopatra and her handmaidens could have died of poison hidden in a hollow hairpin. A very deadly poison, taken first by Cleopatra and then by Charmian and Iras, could then explain how they died so swiftly and without any wounds. In many ways this simpler explanation is more acceptable than the exotic theories concerning snakebite. The Egyptian royal house was probably well­informed about the effects of various poisons. Roman authors claimed that Cleopatra had a superior knowledge of poison and its effect on human victims. 6 Document F: Cleopatra Timeline Cleopatra was a queen of Egypt, but she was not Egyptian. She was the last of the Macedonian Greek dynasty that ruled Egypt from the time of Alexander the Great's death in 323 BCE to about 30 BCE. She was a talented and resourceful individual of great charm but ruthless when she felt she had to be. 69 BCE: Cleopatra is born in Egypt. Cleopatra is a descendant of Ptolemy, who was put in charge of Egypt in 323 BCE, after Alexander the Great conquered it. 47 BCE: Cleopatra becomes Caesar's mistress, and Caesar uses his army to defeat and destroy Cleopatra's rival for power in Egypt, her brother/husband Ptolemy XIII. Caesar establishes Cleopatra as ruler of Egypt. Caesar returns to Rome. 46 BCE: Cleopatra gives birth to Caesar's child, a boy who is named Ptolemy Caesar and called Caesarion. 44 BCE: Caesar achieves total victory over the armies of his rivals and seizes tremendous political control in Rome. His enemies assassinate him. Civil war breaks out between those who support Caesar and those who support his enemies. 42 BCE: Mark Antony defeats Caesar's enemies and emerges as the leader. He becomes involved with Cleopatra and joins her in Alexandria. 40 BCE: Mark Antony leaves Alexandria to go to Italy to sign a treaty with Octavian, Julius Caesar's adopted son. Octavian is Mark Antony's major rival for the command of the Romans. An agreement is reached, and part of the arrangement is that Mark Antony marry the sister of Octavian, Octavia. Cleopatra bears Antony's children. They were twins, a boy named Alexander Helios and a girl named Cleopatra Selene. 37 BCE: Mark Antony decides that he and Octavian can never work together. He marries Cleopatra. Not only was this illegal under Roman law, it was a betrayal of Octavia, his legal wife and the sister of Octavian. This makes a war between Octavian and Mark Antony inevitable. 34 BCE: Mark Antony defeats the Parthians and celebrates in Alexandria.The celebration of a triumph in Alexandria was a serious offense to Romans. Such celebrations were only supposed to take place in Rome, the capital of the empire. Back in Rome, Octavian obtains Mark Antony's will and publicizes its contents. Mark Antony's will made provision for turning parts of the Roman Empire over to Cleopatra. Worse yet Mark Antony's will called for moving the Empire's capital from Rome to Alexandria. The Roman citizens are outraged. 7 32­31 BCE: Mark Antony and Cleopatra live together in Greece. 31 BCE: Mark Antony's forces alone are not strong enough to match those of Octavian. His army surrenders to Octavian.Cleopatra has a message sent to Mark Antony saying that she had killed herself. Upon hearing that his loved one was dead he falls upon his sword. The following questions reference the timeline above. Standard 1 1. Document C is more reliable than the other sources because A. It is from a historian that focused on great leaders B. It only focused on Egyptian history C. The author was a historian that lived closest to the time period D. Plutarch wrote from an entertainment point of view 2. Document B would not be as reliable a source as document as document C or D because A. The Author is not well known B. It was written within 50 years of Cleopatra life C. Doc B was written for entertainment value D. The Author is a known historian 3. In document D the information would be more reliable because A. It was written during Cleopatra’s life B. It was written for entertainment purposes only C. The author had little experience with Roman Emperors D. It was written by an experienced historian 4. In which document would you realize that Cleopatra was not an Egyptian A. Document A B. The Timeline C. Document B D. Document C 5. Document C would be a reliable source because A. It was written within 100 years of the event B. It was written by a wealthy aristocrat C. The author interviewed Cleopatra before her death D. It was created by a team of historians 8 Standard 2 6. Which of the following statement best describes and captures the main idea of Document B: A. Cleopatra was accidentally bitten by an Asp, which caused her death B. Cleopatra was purposeful in her intrinsic desire to commit suicide C. Cleopatra tricked charmian into help in her escape from captivity D. Cleopatra and Antony both died together by a poisonous Asp 7. Which of the following sources best indicate that Cleopatra was bitten by a poisonous Asp? A. A,B,C only B. A,B,C,D C. A,BC,D,E D. None of the above 8. What is the central idea supported from Document E: A. Historians are united in their belief that Cleopatra died from a poisonous snake bit B. That the egyptian cobra is locally known as uraeus C. Cleopatra’s death from a snake bite may not be based on historical facts D. Cleopatra was present during Octavian’s Triumphal parade through Rome 9. Which of the following documents is more reliable because it is based on scholarly analysis of evidence? A. C B. D C. E D. None of the above 10. According to Document A, all of the following are true except: A. Cleopatra was bitten in her breast by a poisonous snake B. The painting was done in the year 1534 C. Michelangelo was the artist who drew this picture D. Cleopatra was bitten in her hand by a poisonous snake 9 Standard 3 (Use the Document F Timeline) 11. How many years did Cleopatra rule Egypt? A. 16 B. 38 C. 11 D. 6 12. Place these political/military events in chronological order from the earliest to the most recent 1. Roman civil war occurs 2. Octavian takes control of Roman forces in Egypt 3. Egypt 1st loses control of it’s homeland 4. Marc Antony forms an alliance with Cleopatra A. 1,2,3,4 B. 3,1,4,2 C. 1,3,4,2 D. 3,4,1,2 13. The relationship between Marc Antony and Cleopatra eventually resulted in A. Octavian’s ultimate victory B. Cleopatra’s special relationship with Caesar C. Caesar’s assassination D. The immediate decline of the Roman Empire 14. Cleopatra’s rise to power can be attributed to: A. The defeat of the Parthians B. Egypt’s dominance of the known world C. Partnerships with powerful Roman consuls D. Her relationship with her co­ruling brother, Ptolemy 15. What do Documents C and D explain about historical reporting in ancient times? A. Roman history was not well documented B. Greek and Roman culture was closely tied together C. Famed Egyptian history was never shared amongst other cultures D. Egyptian history was only documented through fables 10 Standard 4 16. In document C, the term “manifest” refers to: A. Wishing for a return to the way things used to be; longing for the past; B. Unemotional C. Logical; motivated by reason rather than feeling D. Display or show (a quality or feeling) by one's acts or appearance; demonstrate 17. In document C, the term “indistinct” refers to: A. evoking lifelike images within the mind; heard, seen, or felt as if real B. annoyed, frustrated, or worried C. not clearly visible or attracting attention D. having a strange dream­like quality 18. In document D, the term “admiration” refers to: A. suffering from anxiety, sorrow, or pain B. weird; mysterious; strange and frightening C. to carry or transmit; to communicate D. respect and warm approval 19. In document B, the term “asp” refers to a: A. Building B. Reservoir C. Snake D. Pharoah 20. In document E, the term procession refers to: A. a parade for a ceremony or celebration B. to carry or transmit; to communicate C. vibrant or highly visible D. expecting things to turn out badly; gloomy 11 Standard 6 21. What conclusion can be made as to why neither Plutarch nor Cassius’ claims could not be seen as entirely accurate? A. Neither author is a historian. B. The articles were both written long after Cleopatra’s death. C. There is no definitive statement regarding their beliefs as to the cause of death. D. The scholarly article does not support either author’s point of view. 22. When comparing the authors of documents A & B to that of documents C & D why is the more legitimacy given to the latter of the two? A. Documents A & B were not written as close to the date of Cleopatra’s death. B. Documents A is a painting there for not historically accurate. C. Documents C & D were written as histories whereas documents A & B were produced for their entertainment value. D. Documents C & D were created closer to Cleopatra’s death. 23. The authors of documents C, D and E refute the idea of the snakebite being the cause of death for many reasons. However, all can agree on what other possible cause of death? A. One of Cleopatra’s housemaids may have murdered her. B. Cleopatra may have ultimately poisoned herself. C. Antony had her killed as a favor to Rome. D. Caesar forced her to kill herself. 24. Both authors believe poison could have led to Cleopatra’s death based on which of the following evidentiary statements shared by the authors (Plutarch & Cassius Dio)? A. Cleopatra kept a vial of poison on her fastened to her hair. B. Cleopatra had experimented with a variety of poisons prior to her death. C. Cleopatra would rather die by her own hand by that of Caesar’s. D. Cleopatra’s maids were summoned to her chambers just before her death and instructed to bring forth poison that would lead to her death. 12 25. A snake bite was called into question as a possible cause of death by both Plutarch & Cassius Dio because of what they both believe would have happened to Cleopatra’s body. Which of the following statements supports both authors point of view according to Document E’s perspective? A. There was no evidence of a snake bite because the area surrounding the bite is characterized by severe pain, swelling and subcutaneous bleeding was not present on Cleopatra’s body at the time of death. B. The type of snake required to kill a human being of Cleopatra’s stature would have had to have been five to six plus feet in length and there was no species of snake relative to the area in question. C. The snake would not have been able to have been smuggled into Cleopatra without the guards stopping it and being aware of her plot for suicide. D. Caesar ordered the death by snake bite, but no one can prove or refute this claim. Standard 8 26. According to Document C, what reasoning of evidence supports the belief that Cleopatra died of a poisonous snake bite? A. During the victory parade, an image of Cleopatra was shown with a snake clinging to her B. The document contains an artists’ rendition which illustrates this fact C. The document was written by Cleopatra, who, being a primary source, would be the most accurate D. This primary source was written by Plutarch while writing his biography of Mark Anthony 27. According to Document D, the author claims that Cleopatra was preparing for her death. Which statement below reflects that belief? A. Cleopatra did not want to be resuscitated when she died B. Cleopatra put on her most beautiful clothing C. She faked her own death to escape from Octavian D. All of the above 28. According to Document E, what was a possible reason why an image of Cleopatra was shown with snakes during a parade? A. The above described situation is not true, as Cleopatra never appeared with snakes B. The snakes symbolized Cleopatra’s victory over Octavian C. She was wearing a traditional armlet on her forearm D. The Roman spectators ran from the crowd and put the snakes on the image of Cleopatra 13 29. According to Document B, which of the following quotes supports the belief that Cleopatra was bitten by a poisonous snake? A. “Be angry and dispatch” B. “O break! O, break!” C. “Dost thou not see my baby at my breast” D. “O Anthony! ­ Nay, I will take thee too” 30. Which 3 documents discuss another theory, other than a snake bite, on how Cleopatra died? A. A,B,C B. B,C,D C. C,D,E D. A,D,C Standard 9 31. How do both Documents A and B suggest that Cleopatra died? A. She was murdered by her servant B. She drown in the Nile River C. She was bitten by a poisonous snake D. She died of a heart attack in old age 32. How are Documents A and B similar? A. Both are created by professional historians B. Both were made in the 1800s C. Both were created by Plutarch D. Both are not reliable because they are artistic depictions 33. How is Document E most different from all the other documents? A. It was created in modern times, for a scholarly journal B. It is a song about the death of Cleopatra C. It was a direct quote from Cleopatra herself D. It was taken from a newspaper article 14 34. How does Doc C compare with Doc D ? A. The authors of Doc C and D maintain that Cleopatra was definitely killed by a snake bite B. The authors of Doc C and D hold that the cause of Cleopatra’s death is unknown C. The authors of Doc C and D both explain that Caesar killed Cleopatra and Antony D. The authors of Doc C and D were both eye­witnesses to Cleopatra’s death 35. Why might Documents C and D be more accurate than Documents A and B? A. Documents A and B are older than Documents C and D B. Documents C and D are histories, while A and B are just artists depictions of what happened C. Documents A and B are newer than Documents C and D D. Documents C and D are written by Greeks, and A and B are not Content Questions 36 ­ 75 Knowledge (7 questions) 36. An example of Ancient Greek Architecture is UNIT 2 A. The Parthenon B. The Coliseum C. The Sphinx D. Soldier Field 37. The epic poems, “the Iliad” and “the Odyssey,” were written by UNIT 2 A. Homer B. Virgil C. Plato D. Aristophanes 38. The Macedonian Greek who spread global culture by conquering many lands was UNIT 2 A. Amenhotep IV B. Darius III C. Pericles D. Alexander the Great 15 39. Another word for a city state is a: UNIT 2 A. Acropolis B. Polis C. Polistarch D. Civilization 40. Who developed the Scientific Method? UNIT 2 A. Plato B. Socrates C. Aristotle D. Darius 41. Period of peace and prosperity in the western world under Rome’s rule. UNIT 3 A. Renaissance B. Greek Dark Ages C. Age of Enlightenment D. Pax Romana 42. What religion were the Crusades fighting against? (Unit 4) A. Islam B. Christianity C. Buddhism D. Judaism Comprehension (7 questions) 43. Ancient Greek religion can be best defined as UNIT 2 A. Polytheistic B. Monotheistic C. Oligarchy D. Democracy 44. The period after Alexander the Great is know as: UNIT 2 A. Hellenistic Culture B. Alexandria Culture C. Hellenic Culture D. The Great Culture 16 45. In geographical terms, the land of Greece is a large UNIT 2 A. Island B. Peninsula C. Isthmus D. Continent 46. Over time the government of Rome (UNIT 3) A. Evolved from a republic to a dictatorship B. Changed from an autocracy to an oligarchy C. Developed from an aristocracy to a theocracy D. Evolved from dictatorship to a republic 47. During the middle ages, which person could not leave the land on the manor at all? (Unit 6) A. Knight B. Peasant C. Serf D. Lord 48. What happened at the Concordat of Worms? (unit 6) A. The church appointed bishops but the kings could veto them B. The kings appointed bishops but the church could veto them C. The church has the sole power to choose the church officials D. The kings have the sole power to choose the church officials 49. When the church is involved in politics or worldly things we say that it is what? (unit 6) A. Secular B. Lay Investiture C. Sacramental D. Centralized Application (8 questions) 50. Greek myths were stories that explained (UNIT 2) A. What things the Greek people most valued B. Why natural or historical events happened C. Why humans should worship the gods D. Why humans or animals behaved like they did 17 51. Applying what you know about Christianity, what do Christians have to do to achieve salvation? (Unit 5) A. Buy indulgences B. Give money to the church C. Fulfill all sacraments D. Take a test on the Bible 52. How would you organize the correct sequence of steps to show how one became a knight? (unit 5) A. Squire, page, knight B. Knight, squire, page C. Page, squire, knight D. Knight, page, squire 53. What examples can you find to show that there was a separation of classes back in the Roman empire? (unit 3) A. Social class was divided between the Patricians and Plebeians B. Social class was not determined by birth but by your success in life C. Social class was deciphered between being either a gladiator or a noble D. Social class was not a major factor as Rome had just one middle class 54. How would you organize the correct order of the people who influenced the Romans? (unit 3) A. Romans, Greeks, Etruscans B. Greeks, Romans, Etruscans C. Etruscans, Greeks, Romans D. Greeks, Etruscans, Romans 55. What examples can you find to show the Octavian is planning on becoming the sole ruler of Rome? (unit 3) A. He is wants the second triumvirate to last as long as possible B. He is developing a peace treaty to establish the Pax Romana C. He is persecuting the Christians D. He is replacing Antony’s members of the senate with people of his own 18 56. Which is an example of Buddhisms idea of peace, happiness, and achievement? (unit 4) A. Reincarnation B. 5 pillars C. Heaven D. Nirvana 57. What facts could you select to show your knowledge of reaching salvation in the Islamic faith? (unit 4) A. You must complete the 5 pillars B. You must complete all 7 sacraments C. You must organize your life around keeping order and strong family stability D. Believe in reincarnation to achieve happiness Analysis (7 questions) 58. Early civilizations often settled near water because water could provide (UNIT 1) A. Transportation B. Electricity C. Barter D. Boat docks 59. In the Ancient River Civilizations, the rulers/leaders were usually (UNIT 1) A. Women B. Elected by the people C. Absolute rulers D. Assassinated 60. Improvements in communication, trade, and defense in Rome was a result of (UNIT 3) A. A simplified Roman alphabet and numbering system B. A vast network of well constructed roads C. The development of a powerful navy D. Advancements in mathematics 61. Which was not an effect of the Crusades? (unit 5) A. Religious intolerance grows B. Muslims distrust Christians due to all of the lives lost C. Europe becomes isolated from other countries D. Trade grows between Europe and the Middle East 19 62. What is the relationship between Islam, Christianity, and Judaism? (unit 4) A. All three are polytheistic B. All three have Egypt as their holy land C. All three are monotheistic D. All three are all derived from Hinduism 63. Which of the following include the features of Athenian Democracy? (Unit 2) A. Plebeians, at Patricians, Consuls B. Legislative, Executive, Judicial C. President, Congress, Senate D. Assembly, Council, Courts 64. What is the relationship between Constantine and Byzantium? (Unit 5) A. Byzantium was renamed Constantinople B. Byzantium took over what was the Western Half of the Roman Empire C. Byzantium took over what was the Eastern Half of the Roman Empire D. Constantine took over Byzantium forcing the people to swear allegiance to the Greek Army Evaluation (7 questions) 65. The lasting contribution of the Ancient Greeks to America was? (UNIT 2) A. Democracy B. Road Building C. Slavery D. Gladiator Training 66. Our founding fathers, such as Thomas Jefferson, admired ancient Rome because at one time the Roman government had been a(n) (UNIT 3) A. Theocracy B. Oligarchy C. Anarchy D. Republic 20 67. What details could you use to support the view that the senators had a right to be upset and stab Julius Caesar? (unit 3) A. Julius Caesar was not tending to the affairs of the Roman republic while spending a lot of time in Egypt B. Julius Caesar was in favor of expanding the power of the senators which they were strongly against C. Julius Caesar denounced his Roman marriage and married Cleopatra D. Julius Caesar was not advancing Rome in any way 68. Can you assess the importance of the Holy Land in regards to world religions? (unit 4) A. It was a major center of trade for the Egyptians B. The first river civilization originated there C. It is the origin of three of the worlds major religions D. Both Buddhism and Hinduism originated there 69. How would you evaluate Alexander the Great’s use of the phalanx? (Unit 2) A. An effective military strategy B. An ineffective military strategy C. An effective system of laws used throughout the Greek Empire D. An ineffective system of laws used throughout the Greek Empire 70. How would you describe the Plebeians views/opinions of Julius Caesar as the unopposed leader of the Roman Empire? (Unit 3) A. A dictator that deserved to meet his demise in the manner in which he did B. A man that sought for equal rights and representation within the Roman Government C. The lone reason for the fall of the Roman Empire D. A man that favored the rich and their place in Roman society 71. Which of the following points would you recommend in regards to the decline in patriotism in the Roman empire? (Unit 3) A. Poor farmers abandoned their own farms to work for wealthy landowners B. Caligula appointed his horse as consul C. Mercenaries replaced citizen­soldiers in the Roman army D. Diocletian fixed the prices of goods and services 21 Synthesis (4 questions) 72. Can you predict the most significant impact on Greek culture had Alexander the Great never served as a Macedonian king? (Unit 2) A. Greek culture would not have been able to spread and be infused to other cultures B. Greek city­states would not have been united C. The Trojan war would have destroyed Macedonia D. The library at Alexandria would never have existed 73. What would have happened if Carthage would have won the Punic Wars? (unit 3) A. Rome would have then controlled the Mediterranean Sea B. Hannibal would have been seen as a failure as a general C. Carthage would have been in control of the Mediterranean Sea D. Trade would have become less important during the Roman Empire 74. What changes would you implement to make Rome’s tax system more fair? (Unit 3) A. Increase the taxes paid by the rich B. Order a census to compile records of who should be taxed C. Consolidate the types of taxes that were collected D. Tax foreigners at a higher rate than Roman citizens 75. What could have been done to prevent Caesar from being targeted for assassination by his own Senate? (Unit 3) A. Increase the role of the courts in the Roman government B. Increase the role of the Roman Senators within the Roman government C. Step down from his position as Roman consul after his one year term ended D. Increase the number of Senators from the surrounding lands conquered by the Roman army 22