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Tuberculosis tricks the body's immune system to allow it to spread 20 October 2016 suggesting that an autoimmunity process develops in TB. Professor Paul Elkington, of the University of Southampton, who led the project, said "We are not disputing that the immune system mainly targets the bacteria to fight it off, but we are suggesting that there is more to the story. "It seems that TB tricks the immune system into damaging our own lung tissue, which therefore makes the person highly infectious through coughing and the TB then spreads by aerosol droplets to other individuals. This photomicrograph reveals Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria using acid-fast Ziehl-Neelsen stain; Magnified 1000 X. The acid-fast stains depend on the ability of mycobacteria to retain dye when treated with mineral acid or an acid-alcohol solution such as the ZiehlNeelsen, or the Kinyoun stains that are carbolfuchsin methods specific for M. tuberculosis. Credit: public domain Tuberculosis (TB) tricks the immune system into attacking the body's lung tissue so the bacteria are allowed to spread to other people, new research from the University of Southampton suggests. The concept, published in Trends in Immunology, proposes that current ideas about how tuberculosis develops in patients may be incomplete and that, in fact, infection causes autoimmunity, where the immune system reacts incorrectly to its own tissue. "There is also a group of patients who develop a range of symptoms, such as eye inflammation, joint inflammation and skin rashes, that are not explained by current TB disease concepts. These symptoms are usually associated with diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease, which led us to believe autoimmunity plays a key role in the TB disease process." Professor Elkington highlights that more research is needed to investigate the hypothesis but if it is proved, the discovery could have major implications for the design of new vaccines and drug treatments. The Southampton team are now undertaking a programme of work to investigate this new concept. Their approach is to combine the study of cells isolated from TB-infected patients with microengineering in 3D in the laboratory to investigate how TB damages the lungs. Tuberculosis kills more people than any other infectious disease, and the causative bacterium, More information: Tuberculosis: an Infection-1 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is becoming Initiated Autoimmune Disease? Trends in increasingly resistant to antibiotics used to treat the Immunology, 2016. infection. The Southampton research team conducted a review of published studies and found evidence Provided by University of Southampton 1/2 APA citation: Tuberculosis tricks the body's immune system to allow it to spread (2016, October 20) retrieved 18 June 2017 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2016-10-tuberculosis-body-immune.html This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only. 2/2 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)