Download Ancient Civilizations

8/31/2015
Warm Up: Put your first and last name, date,
and hour in the right hand corner of your
paper. Write in complete in sentences.
1.
Name the seven continents.
2.
What is China?
From Nomads to Ancient
Civilizations
If Charlemagne was 72 years old when he
died, in 814CE, how old would he be
today?
3.
Chapters 1-4, 7 and 9
In what year did the second millennium
begin?
If the French Revolution started in 1789,
what century would that be?
4.
5.
Prior to Civilizations
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Nomads-highly mobile people who
moved from place to place in search
of resources and food.
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Hunter-gathers-rely on hunting
and collecting plant food.
Neolithic Revolution-Agricultural
Revolution
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The beginning of farming-stop
chasing the food.
Husbandry of animalsdomestication
Characteristics of a
Civilization
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A complex culture with
the following five
characteristics
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Complex Institutions
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Advanced
Technology
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Advanced Cities
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Record Keeping
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Specialized Workers
Characteristics of a Civilization
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Patterns of organization created
to maintain order in society
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Using new and improved tools to
make tasks easier
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Examples: Animals, plow,
wheel, etc.
Cities that act as a center of trade for a
larger area (think capital city)
Record Keeping
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Examples: Government,
religion, economy, etc.
Keeping track through writing, symbols,
or a collection of objects
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Advanced Technology
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Advanced Cities
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Complex Institutions
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Civilization is…
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Ex. Laws, taxes, births, deaths,
crops, etc.
Specialized Workers
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People who develop skills for a specific
job
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Ex. Artisans, priests, soldiers,
teacher, farmer, metal worker, etc.
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Warm Up: Complete
Sentences
•
List the five characteristics of a
civilization and give at least one
example of each.
Mesopotamia Continued
Advanced Technology
Irrigation
Wheel
Sail
Plow
Used Bronze
Record Keeping
Cuneiform-use of a reed to make symbols in clay for ideas
and sounds
Number system based on 60
Hammurabi’s Code
Laws written in stone and displayed in the middle of the
city-applied to everyone
Different punishments for men, women, rich, and poor
Eye for an Eye
Walk like an Egyptian
Mesopotamia
The Fertile Crescent
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
Complex Institutions
City-states (city and its
surrounding land) had own
government controlled by priests
Religion-polytheism (many gods)
Economy-collected taxes and trade
Military
Advanced City:
land between the two rivers
City of Ur
200 miles south of present day
Bagdad
Possibly most ancient city
Mesopotamia Continued
Specialized Workers
Priests
Farmers
Merchants
Artisans
Scribes
Soldiers
United into the Kingdom of
Egypt
Complex Institutions
Religion-Polytheisticmany gods and afterlife
Government
Pharaoh is God on Earth
Unified Upper and
Lower Egypt in
3000BCE
Laws-Women and men had
same rights
Economy-taxes, traded
within Egypt and
neighboring lands
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Egypt Continued
Egypt Continued
Advanced Cities
Advanced technology
365 day calendar with 12 months
of 30 days
Used geometry to build
(pyramids)
Surgical tools and stiches
Knew how to set broken
bones
Mummification
Ramps and levers to move stones
Sails for boats on the Nile River
Cosmetics
Hinged doors
Near the fertile
land on the
banks of the Nile
River
City of
Memphis is an
important trade
city
Egypt Continued
Record Keeping
Hieroglyphics-pictures that stand for
ideas and sounds-similar to an
alphabet
Number system based on ten for
counting
Specialized Workers
Scribes-study reading and writing to
work in government
Farmers
Army
Priests
Doctors
Engineers and architects
The First Monotheistic Religion
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Judaism
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Started in Caanan around 2000 BCE
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Founder-Abraham
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Beliefs
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God (Deity) Yaweh
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10 Commandments given by Yaweh
(God) to Moses who is a prophet
(someone who speaks the work of
God)
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Do not steal, kill or lie
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Honor (respect) your parents
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There is only one God
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Afterlife
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Honor Yaweh by studying the Torah
and living by its teachings
Warm Up: Complete Sentences
1.
What is a nomad?
2.
What was the Agricultural Revolution?
3.
What is husbandry?
4.
What does polytheistic mean?
5.
What is considered the most ancient city?
6.
What was one of ancient Egypt’s greatest
advancements in technology?
7.
Who ruled the government in Mesopotamia?
8.
Who ruled the government in Egypt?
Judaism Cont’d
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Bar Mitzvah-age 13 boys celebrate entrance
into adult religious community (Girls: Bat
Mitzvah
Several holidays to worship their history and
their God
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Passover-recalls events from the departure
of the Jews from Egypt (slaves)
Holy Book-Bible
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First five books are call the Torah
Sacred Place
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Jerusalem
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Western Wall-remains of a temple
destroyed by Romans in 70 CE, believe
will be restored when the Messiah comes
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Synagogues-their church
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Other info about Judaism
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Divisions (Sects)-sections within a religion that are separated by
subtle differences in their beliefs within the same religion
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Orthodox
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Conservative
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Reform
First Monotheistic religion
Founded by Abraham
Same God as Christianity and Islam
Kosher-various dietary restrictions as interpreted by the
Hebrew Bible
Worship in a synagogue
Holy day (Sabbath)- Friday from sundown to sundown
Saturday
Services led by a Rabbi (Jewish spiritual leader)
Warm Up: Complete
Sentences
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The Americas
What does monotheistic mean?
What does polytheistic mean?
What was the first monotheistic religion?
When and where did this religion start?
Who is the founder of this religion?
What is the name of their holy book (the
first five)?
The Earliest Americans
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Early Americas
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Rise of the Olmecs 1200400 BCE
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Complex Institution
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ReligionPolytheistic
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Jaguar god/gods
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Advanced City
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San LorenzoModern day
Hondurus
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La Venta
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Advanced Technology
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Boats
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Wheel
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Irrigation
Record Keeping
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Stone symbols that
influence glyph writing for
future civilization
Specialized Workers
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Priest
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Soldier
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Teacher
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Merchants
1.9 million-about
10,000BCE sheets of
ice were moving across the
Earth.
• Causing a land bridge
called Beringia
• Hunter-gathers
Agricultural Revolution in
about 7000BCE in
central Mexico
• Maize (corn)
• Tehuacan Valley
Other American Civilizations
Nazca-200BCE-
Chavin-900-200BCE 600CE
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Andes Mountains,
Peru
No political or
economic organizations
Polytheistic
“Mother Culture” of
later civilizations of
South America
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Andes Mountains, Peru
Extensive irrigation
systems
Beautiful textiles and
pottery
Polytheistic
Nazca Lines
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Indus River Valley (Harappan)
Indus River Valley (Harappan)
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Indus River Valley (Harappan)
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Advanced Technology
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Indoor plumbing and sewage system!
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Indoor toilets
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Irrigation
Record Keeping
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Written language
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Carved images that represented
objects and sound in stone
Specialized Workers
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Priests
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Farmers
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Artisans, etc
Hinduism-Founded about
2000BCE in India
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Practices and Rituals
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Deep meditation and prayer to reach enlightenment
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Achieve enlightenment through worship, attainment
of knowledge and various good acts
Holy Book
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Vedas
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Oldest Hindu writings
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Oldest writings of the major religions
Sacred Place
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Ganges River
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Bathe in water to cleanse and purify themselves
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Sick and disabled come in belief the holy water
might cure them
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Complex Institutions
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Economy-trade
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Religion-polytheistic
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Government controlled by
priests
Advanced Cities
Fertile area near Indus and
Ganges River
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Mohenjo-Darro and
Harappa
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Excellent city planning:
grid system, standard size
buildings
Hinduism-Founded about
2000BCE in India
Key Beliefs
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Goal is to reach enlightenment (true
understanding and happiness) Moksha
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Reached by ridding themselves of
earthly desires
Deity
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Polytheistic
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3 main gods
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Brahma-creator of the universe
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Vishnu-preserve of the universe
(protector)
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Shiva-destroyer of the
universe
Hinduism-Founded about
2000BCE in India
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Worship Services
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Places: home or temple
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Temples contain shrines to
important gods or goddesses
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Annual festivals to honor gods
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At home, smaller shrine to worship
god of choice
Divisions (Sects)
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Shaktism
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Reformed Hinduism (monotheistic)
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Vaishnavites
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Shaivites
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Krishna
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Hinduism-Founded about
2000BCE in India
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Other information
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Major religion of India
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No Founder-roots in Harappan
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Belief in reincarnation: Individual soul is
born again and again until perfect
understanding of things are achieved
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Karma (good and Bad) follows you from
one life to another and influences your
circumstances
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Caste System: Rigid class system that
dictates jobs and positions within society,
nearly impossible to change caste.
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Religion is a way to free soul from
illusions, disappointments and
mistakes of life
Buddhism
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Buddhism: Founded in
Nepal/India 530 BCE
Founded by Siddhartha Gautama
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Searched for religious truth and end to suffering of life
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After 49 days of meditation he achieved understanding of the
cause of suffering
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Became known as Buddha
Key beliefs
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Four Noble Truths
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Life is filled with suffering and sorrow
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Cause of suffering is desire for the temporary pleasures of
this world
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End suffering by ending all desires
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Overcome such desires and attain enlightenment by following
a guide to behavior called the Eight Fold Path, know as the
Middle Way between desires and self-denial
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Reach Nirvana (Enlightenment)-release from selfishness and
pain by following Eightfold Path
Buddhism
Sacred places
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Various sites in India that relate to Buddha’s life
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Birthplace: Lumbini Grove
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Place of Enlightenment: Bodh Gaya
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Various branches of Buddhism have their own sites
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Tibetan Buddhism: Dali Lama’s residence in
India
Divisions (Sects)
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Two branches
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Theravada-try to stay as close as possible to
Buddha’s teachings
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Mahayana-more accepting of change
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Also Tibetan Buddhism-slightly different due to
remoteness of Tibet
Belief in reincarnation-being reborn after death until
Nirvana is reached
All living things possess the potential for spiritual growth
and the possibility of rebirth in humans
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Buddhism
No deity
Holy book
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Dhammapada-”Verses of Righteousness”
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Collection of sayings on Buddhist
practices
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Other sacred texts
Worship services
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Meditate in homes or temples
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Burn incense and light candles before
images of Buddha
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Light candles recall light of Buddha’s
wisdom
Practices and Rituals
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Many statues of the Buddha appear in
shrines throughout Asia
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Strive to follow Buddha’s teaching through
meditation
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Make offerings at shrines, temples, and
monasteries
China
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China
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Ancient China
Geography
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Natural barriers isolate China for
millenium
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East-Yellow River, South
China Sea, Pacific Ocean
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Mountain ranges and deserts
dominate 2/3 of China’s
landmass
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Only 10% of China’s
land is suitable for
farming
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West-Desert and icy
15,000-foot Tibetan Plateau
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Southwest-Himalayas
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North-Gobi Desert and
Mongolian Plateau
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Ancient China
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Record Keeping
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Each character is one syllable
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Can be read even if cannot speak the
language
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Current Chinese writings is the same
characters, but more
Specialized Workers
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Farmers
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Priests
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Artisans
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Soldiers
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Merchants, etc
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Long Term Contributions of
the Chinese
Coined Money
Great Wall of China-Qin Dynasty (221-202BCE)
Paper-Han Dynasty(105CE)
Collar harness for horse-pull heavier loads
Improved iron tools
Wheelbarrow
Water mills to grind grain
Silk Road (expanded from China through India, all the way to Rome)
Grand Canal-Sui Dynasty (581-618CE)
Tang and Song Dynasties (618CE-1279CE)
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Moveable type
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Gun powder/Fireworks
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Porcelain
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Mechanical clock
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Magnetic compass for sailing
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Paper money
Confucianism: 500BCE
China-Value System
Confucianism: 500BCE
China-Value System
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Key Beliefs
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5 relationships-social order, harmony,
and good government could be restored
in China, if society were organized
around 5 relationships
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Ruler and subject
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Father and son
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Husband and wife
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Older brother and younger brother
5.
Friend and friend
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Golden Rule
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Do not do unto others what you
would not want others to do unto
you
Complex Institutions
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Religion-spirits of ancestors and polytheistic
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Government-based on dynasty
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Most influential-Han Dynasty
Advanced Cities
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Built around the Huange He (Yellow River)
and Yangtze River because of fertile silt from
flooding
Advanced Technology
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Flood control
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Irrigation
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Roads and canals
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Coined money
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Blast furnaces to make cast iron for weapons
(swords) and farming tools (knives and spades)
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Holy Book
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Analects-earliest and most authentic record of Confucius
ideas
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Written about 400BCE
Deity-None
Practices and Rituals
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Many of the rituals of ancient Chinese religion
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Sacrifices to the gods and ancestors
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Celebrate Confucius birthday on September 28th
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Holiday in some countries (plays tribute to teachers!)
Worship Services
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Moral philosophy-way of life, not a religion
Sacred Places
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China-Mount Lushan contains many landmarks of
Confucianism
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Confucianism: 500BCE
China-Value System
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Founded by Confucius
Foundation for bureaucracytrained civil service (people
who run government)
Foundation of Chinese
government and social order
Spread beyond China and
influenced civilizations
throughout East Asia
Education is important for
welfare of individual AND
society
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