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BLUMEA
26(1980)65-79
A revision ofthe genus Sarcolobus
(Asckepiadaceae)
R.E.
Rintz
Summary
A
to
is
revision of the
complete
Sarcolobus is
genus
both coronal and non-coronal
possess
S.
described,
Rintz.
oblongus
S.
with
given
is reduced
peregrinus
Sarcolobus
Sarcolobus
Syst.
R. Br., Mem. Wern. Soc.
Veg.
6
(1820)
58;
Wight,
lianas 2 —5
Twining
matrurity forming
a
in S.
Blade
coriaceous,
base
carinatus:
;
34;
(1809)
(1834)
bark.
ovate,
to
to the four
elliptical
12(1818)
Bot. Jahrb.
branches
subrotate
the
the apex;
near
ovate, the
to
spirally-elongating
or
right;
lobes and
corolline
corona
staminal
beneath the
Twin-pollinia
borne
apex
Carpels
curved
with short
acute to
knob and 5
ellipsoid
or
narrow
with
linear-lanceolate
a
apiculate
with
ovate
1
or
to
a
2 short
bracts.
Sepals
Corolla
glands.
imbricate
margins,
or
ridges,
or
as
stamen
none;
the apex of the
long
to
the
as
or
flat,
with
center
the apex of the
winged,
flat,
with
a
stigma.
than the
obovate.
papillose
angles.
or
tube
anther
narrower
longer
pollinia
Gyno-
none.
narrow; caudicles
corpuscle;
from it
cleft,
the base of the
covering
1/3—1/2 geniculate,
ridges radiating
of
narrow
at
corpuscle linear,
the
or
flattened
with the corolline
to
retuse,
with ciliate
lobes
not
groove
the apex of the
parallel. Inflorescence
or
pair
at
Fruit
without
a
endosperm.
in Indo-China,
Current address:
at
hollow,
the
in the throat alternate with the
by
corona
truncate
perpendicularly
Distribution. From
*
a
ovate
ridges
ovoid; pericarp fleshy. Seeds obovate,
embryo
Haiphong
the
by
oblong
styles; stigma deeply 5-angled, flat;
spherical
coma;
the lobes
truncate
of 5
5
—
stigma, appendages
horizontally;
back
1
159.
grooved,
peduncle simple
subtended
with
contiguous
the lower
corpuscle,
of 5
corona
the stamens,
wings curving
corpuscle,
axil
from the staminal
separated
opposite
than the
pedicel
each
shallowly campanulate,
stegium capitate;
and
each
margins ciliate,
(1914)
oblong, occasionally
the
species
stat.
566, t. 4 & 5; Roem. & Sch..
both in the axil and
obtuse-cordate;
raceme;
50
Petiole
short-acuminate; margins entire; secondary veins arching
pedunculate
new
nov.
and branches terete,
stems
opposite.
or
A
a coma.
Brown
Schltr.,
Leaves
The genus is shown
species.
without
or
globosus subsp. pereginus
As. Res.
Wall.,
47;
digitiform glands
cuneate
key
S.
to
R.
long, glabrescent;
m
papery
often lined with short hairs;
petiole.
1
Contr.
a
and to have seeds with
species
17374
Sambalpur
through
Millar
most
Rd., Mt.
and
the
Sundarbans
of the Malesian
Clemens,
Michigan,
region
in
and
U.S.A. 48043
NE.
India
extending
to
to
the
66
BLUMEA
Carolines, Yap,
Sunda Is. but
are
the
-
VOL.
1,
no.
1980
Caledonia;
and New
Solomons,
26,
reported from
not
there and in NE. Australia and Hainan
possibly
the Lesser
well. Four
as
species
recognized.
Ecology.
Restricted
to
and
coasts
mangrove and swamp forests and
of brackish
areas
sand and coral beaches
on
water;
mud
on
scrambling
in
strand
over
vegetation.
The
Taxonomy.
consisted
formerly
genus
undescribed binomials. It has never been
the
limits of local floras
narrow
subject
and, though
of 17
described
some
has been
synonomy
and
species
taxonomic investigation
to
8
beyond
suggested,
little has been confirmed.
There
flowers
2
are
In the
ture.
characterized as
are
and S.
oblongus
of the
of S. carinatus
was
noted
Wallich
by
subsequently
Prain,
seems to
Schumann
or
Schlechter
and
contiguous
original description
forgotten.
deal with the
1907: 308)
It is
Ic.
of the
PI.
species
1854:
As.,
mentioned
not
The staminal
species.
corona.
This is
405)
t.
by Hooker,
was
corona
no
seeds without
a
the
note
presence of the
He did not,
particularly puzzling since
mention of the
&
seeds in
and
Gamble,
his
the 2
retusus
have
a
original
however,
structures are
for S.
true
definite, though
later
description,
characterized the genus
Schlechter,
This charcter holds
coma.
but the seeds of S.
to
species.
new
in dried material.
readily apparent
Brown made
the first
was
describe several
to
authors, notably Hooker, King
having
globosus
Neither author, however, included this
plant (Wall., I.e.; Griff.,
though they
(Fedde Rep. 3,
notice the corolline
as
in his
55).
have been
staminal corona and he used it
globosus
the
for S. retusus, S.
true
overlooked.
completely
Though
subsequent literature,
most
This holds
p.p., but both S. carinatus and S.
(I.e.)
1854:
(Notul. 4,
character in his illustration of the
and it
and in
corona.
have distinct corollineand staminal coronas. The corolline corona
Griffith
by
genus
without a
being
globosus, subsp. globosus
subsp. peregrinus
and later
inaccuracies associated with Sarcolobus in the litera-
morphological
original description
carinatus and S.
proportionately small,
a
coma.
Many
characters within the genus show wide variation. Leaf
especially
variable
leaves varies
widely
on
S.
carinatus and
S.
globosus.
on
S.
reliable characters within the
presence
of the
or
absence of the double
fruit,
and the presence
The 4 species of Sarcolobus
gynostegium
and S.
globosus
curve
and
the
back beneath the
stamen
tube. In S.
In
the
are
are
with
masses
themselves
and
retusus
S.
the
a
separated
There
shape
has
gynostegium
and downward to
stigma
to
end
the
case,
retusus
deep
a
anther
the
the
the
shape
shape
of the
the seeds.
based
of
narrow
position
at
The
gynostegium,
twin-pollinia,
forms
the anther
abruptly
short
on
pairs
2
are
of the
of the
coma
into 2
species
globosus subsp. globosus.
shape
are
of samesized
on
anther
about
wings
stamen
wings give
the
gynostegium.
wings
halfway
are
also
5.
down the
narrow
tube without
the
In
which
but
curving
gynostegium
a
appearance.
2 forms of
long arching
the
stigma
latter
particularly capitate
There
be
carinatus and S.
extend back beneath the
downward.
corona,
of S.
the
are:
genus
twin-pollinium.
oblongus
vesture
absence of
or
can
and size
shape
petiole length
Corolla size and color are variable for all
and there is wide variation in the corolla
most
and
retusus
are
twin-pollinium.
only slightly
angled
the caudicles
or
curved
are
In S.
globosus
enlarged
and S.
geniculate
upward
oblongus
lower
the caudicles
arms.
The
pollen
above the caudicles. In S. carinatus
proportionately
shorter and thicker
than in
the
R.
E.
RINTZ: A
above-mentioned form and the
pollen
masses
The taxonomic value of the
and
coronas
and
flowers in
one
S.
a
and the 2
oblongus
and in
vesture
by
its
which
The
corona
Decne.
Gongronema
intermediate between
geniculate
caudicles and
filipes Kerr,
a
with
mainly
in
in size.
mainly
does suggest affinities. Sarcolobus is related
less
corolline corona and
well-developed,
genera have different
strikingly
Sarcolobus in
species
one
would differ
globosus
retusus
between Sarcolobusand
relationship
differences
showing
gynostegia,
and
stigmas,
twin-
them distinct.
keep
Sarcolobus and
of S.
subspecies
similar, though
similar corolla. The 2
pollinia
the
The
for the presence of this structure, the
not
S. carinatus and S.
however,
R. Br.
Gymnema
by
considerably enlarged.
within the genus lies in
corona
without. Were it
species
Between genera,
to
is
arm
the caudicles.
to
affinities. In each of the 2 pairs delineated above, there is
not
corolla
67
genus Sarcolobus
lower
geniculate
joined parallel
are
of the
revision
a
the
also with
species
2
stigma nearly
in
genera
identical
and
coronal, gynostegial,
is
Gymnema
to
not as
close
nepalense
Gongronema
possessing
that of S.
that between
as
Decne.
(Wall.)
is
with
twin-pollinia
It differs from
retusus.
follicular characters which link it
to
G.
and with other members of
geniculate caudicles,
Gongronema.
Sarcolobusalso shows close affinities
intermediate between it and
has both the
Warb.,
in coronal and
Uses.
single
a
chemical and economic
(Nutt.
1965).
Ind. PI.,
wild
a
pigs
and
Its
Burkill
occasionally
remedy
resin is
poisonous
locally by people
after it is
water
steeped
with curry
eaten
in salt
or can
for either rheumatic fever
or
ground
dengue
Anther
wings ending abruptly
at
Anther
wings curving
down the
b.
1.
the
keels
present; fruit with 4
Double
corona
absent; fruit without keels
to
Leaf bases cuneate;
Wall., As.
Fl. Brit. Ind. 4
Fl.
Res.
(1885)
Siam.
En.
28;
3,
veins
secondary
—
Fig.
12(1818)570,t.
Prain, Beng.
1
4
(1951)
18.
PI.
—
are
seems
1935:
used
to
to
have
and
paralysis prior
pericarp
In
be
to
addition,
to
eaten
the leaves
paste with Aleurites nuts
as
fever.
2.
tube.
tube
3.
1.
S. carinatus.
2.
veins
S.
retusus.
arching
parallel
3.
S.
globosus.
4
S.
oblongus.
1.
5; List
(1903)
T y p
days.
a
shallowly cordate; secondary
Sarcolobus carinatus Wall.
S. carinatus
—
stamen
corona
Craib,
to
Greshoff
by
and
poison
enables the
into
stamen
Double
Leaf bases obtuse
b.
subject
SPECIES
b.
halfway
vomiting
so
for 3
water
be
la.
3a.
Pentasacme.
has been
Prod. Mai. Pen. 2,
of this
use
causes
soluble and
KEY TO THE
2a.
Econ.
(Diet.
genus
luzonensis
part in the eradication of tigers from Java. The dried and powdered parts
death. The
are
to
poisonous resin, sarcolobid,
a
D.
have been summarized
The successful
tigers.
monotypic
of Sarcolobus but differs
link it
strongly
uses
mixed with the bait of the animals and
are
a
and
20)
The bark and seeds contain
poison dogs,
played
investigation.
t.
stigma typical
which
a
single species,
globosus subsp. globosus,
S.
taxon,
1895: 75,
Dorystephania Warb.,
and the
twin-pollinium
vegetative characters,
Only
to
Pentasacme Wall. The
e
(1831)no.
514;
4467;
Haines,
: India,
Wight, Contr. (1834)47; Hooker/,
Bot. Bihar & Orissa 4
Waltich
790
(C).
(1922) 555;
Kerr in
68
S.
BLUMEA
Griffith
on
Stems
4
Notul.
Griff.,
sp.
Based
55;
(1854)
s.n.
from
hairs.
erect
(2
secondary
(0.2
)0.4
—
5(
—
5
c.
mm
0.6(
—
1)
—
cm
0.5
3-5
1.2)
—
brown
abruptly
with
dots
purple
or
the
at
1 (
—
2.8)
—
corpuscles
0.2
c.
base
cm;
mm
cm
a
ring
apex
with
with
Gynostegium
ellipsoid,
beaked, with 4 longitudinal undulate keels
c.
2
1 —6
on
single branch,
a
Corolla
long.
or
acute;
shallowly
w
pale yellow
glabrous,
Fruit
long.
—
pubescent.
groove
cuneate,
,
diam.,
tube; corolline and staminal
stamen
the
long,
mostly simple, rarely
the lobes.
on
in diam.; nodes with
mm
cm
long; pedicels 0.2 —0.3( —0.5)
in
28.
(1885)
visible above, distinct below. Flowers
peduncles
cm
Brit. Ind. 4
Fl.
405; Hooker/.,
t.
,
0.6—1
campanulate,
1980
above, pale below, elliptical, obovate, linear
green
scarcely
long;
1.
(K).
(0.3 —)0.5— 1(
8.5) by
—
veins arching,
to
racemes
)2.5
—
no.
long, becoming
m
dull
Blade thick coriaceous,
lanceolate,
3
to
Petiole
(1854)
PI. As.
Burma
Mergui,
orange-brown,
of short
Ic.
Griff.,
VOL. 26,
-
to
mm
or
the
coronas
c.
7
3
x
2
high,
with
green,
anther
present; twin-pollinia
cm;
base cuneate; apex
the dorsal side
on
of
rows
wings ending
running
o
the
nearly
surface
follicle and 2
of the
length
smooth, pericarp
c.
3
Distribution. From
the Andaman Is.
China
on
the ventral side
thick. Seeds
mm
in NE.
Sambalpur
1.3
c.
1
x
running only halfway;
cm,
India, along
and both sides of the Isthmus of Kra;
not
without
the
coast
reported
coma.
a
of Burma
to
from Indo-
Malesia.
or
collected from Feb.
Ecology. Blooming specimens
to
Aug.,
fruits collected in
June.
INDIA.
O
r
i
s s a
Wallich
790
Srimai,
Cowan
BURMA.
: Sambalpur, Mooney
Bodhara, Prain
(C);
402
(E, K);
Scott
Rangoon,
ANDAMAN
THAILAND. S
Noakali,
s.n.
Wright Myo,
IS.
u
r
(L).
(K).
Clarke 6613
—
(K),
Kerr
17044
16827
Sinclair
Bhargava
&
Clarke
Bengal: Sundarbans,
Clarke
Tenasserim:
—
Balakrishnan
T: Lang-suan,
a
3406
(G); Mutlah,
s.n.
(BM, E,
3127
K,
(G),
3772
(K);
(E).
Mergui, Griffith
3605
33368c
(NA); Chittagong, Griffith
s.n.
Parker 2682
(K),
(K).
(L).
L)
Vernacular. India. Bengal: baoli-lata.
Notes. The leaf variation between
Specimens
long
c.
4
of S. carinatus is very
elliptical
to
obovate leaves
striking.
c.
3
—
6
cm
while those from the Isthmus of Kra in Thailand have linear-lanceolate leaves
—
8
double
without
a
are
Fig.
double
1.
h.
6613;
the flowers.
It differs in
apices rather than obtuse bases
fruit with 4
carinatus Wall.
i.
having
and
leaves with
mostly
obtuse
apices,
retuse or
keels rather than
equally-spaced
geographical
Kerr
—
gynostegium,
median sectional
c.
retusus.
none,
distributions of the 2
and seeds
species
S. carinatus from India to Thailandand S.
do
not
retusus
New Caledonia.'
seed;
corona in
b. Clarke
to
noted in
S.
to
widely separated:
Sarcolobus
view;
was
related
The present
coma.
but
acute
a
corona,
from Celebes
ventral
closely
bases and
cuneate
overlap
No variation
long.
cm
S. carinatus is
a
specimens
from NE. India and Burma have
17044;
d.
habit; b — e.
a.
and
double
view;
k.
Kerr
19021;
leaf
corona
twin-pollinia in
e.
variations;
with
corolla
bottom
Griffith 3772.;
f. fruit in dorsal
cut
away;
and side views,
f—h.
view;
g. fruit in
j. gynostegium,
(a,
i
—
Mooney 3406).
k. Clarke
and
16827;
R.
E.
Rintz: A
revision
of the
genus
Sarcolobus
69
70
BLUMEA
2.
S.
Sarcolobus
K. Sch. in
retusus
49;
K. Sch. &
Jahrb. 50
Schltr.. Bot.
Warb., Bot.
S. cilioiatus
K.
retusus
Sch.
Jahrb.
13 (1891)408.
Bot. Jahrb. 31
S.
—
160.
(1914)
Fedde
quinquangularis Schltr.,
17498
Amboina, Warburg
S. submucronatus
Caroline
Type:
347
S.
10
Papuanae
(1907)
Hollrung 2 (K).
Is., Warburg 21317 (A).
Aroe& Kei
sulphureus (Volkens) Schltr.,
Bot.
Jahrb.
(BO).
PI.
(1907) 309; Valeton,
10
Papuanae
50.
(1907)
Type:
—
(K).
Fedde
Warb.,
3
—
473.
Valeton, PI.
Finschhafen.
Guinea,
Type: Moluccas,
(1902)
Volkens
Is.,
Rep.
—
(1889) 109;
New
Type:
—
1980
1,
no.
Kais. Wilh. Land
159.
Tylophora sulphureus Volkens,
50
26.
2.
Fig.
—
Hollr., Fl.
(1914)
VOL.
-
3
Rep.
309.
(1907)
Bismarck
Type:
—
Mioko
Arch.,
I., Warburg
s.n.
(»•'•).
S.
lifuensis
Guill..
Bull. Soc. Bot.
Stems
pale brown,
cm;
base
mostly
(0.3
simple,
)0.5
—
veins
obtuse
1.5)
the lobes.
at
long.
mm
the
base;
or
ovoid,
Fruit
to
smooth, brown; pericarp
6
c.
6
c.
2.5
x
)4.5
6(
—
—
5
—
on
mm
)0.8
—
with
or
in N.
Is.; probably
Ecology.
staminal
or
CAROLINE Is. K
Volkens 347
(K),
o r
base obtuse,
cm;
thick. Seeds
cm
long; peduncle
c.
pedicels
long;
—
1.5
1
a
cm
slightly
anther
with
raised and
wings
ending
0.2
corpuscles
with
a coma c.
2
—
0.3
long.
cm
the Moluccas
through
New Caledonia, and the
Solomons,
in
surface
apex acute;
unequal;
0.7
x
by
cm
stripes
to
Loyalty
Australia.
collected
and
: Kanehira
o r
in March,
mostly
June, and Sept.;
July.
& Hatusima 4397
(A). —
Yap: Kanehira
72
(NY), Tuyama
7216
(BO).
TelingBoelagi, Kaudern514 (L). —
CELEBES. N. Peninsula:
719
the
to
March, April, June,
r
cm
corona;
stigma; twin-pollinia
Blooming specimens
fruits collected in
2
to
6.5)
—
rarely
or
without longitudinal brown
Distribution. From the Carolines to Celebes and
Tanimbar; through New Guinea
obtuse,
—1.5
racemes
(0.1
ydl°w
10) by (1.5 —)2.5 —4(
cuneate; apex retuse,
(P).
mostly
Blade
pubescent.
delimited from the corolla
corolline
no
—
2405
in diam.; nodes
more
the groove
shallowly campanulate, (0.4 —) 1
brown,
tube below the
stamen
mm or
branch,
Corolla
long.
Gynostegium clearly
thickened 5-lobed
abruptly
single
a
diam., glabrous, mostly yellow
on
5
rarely
Flowers 1
arching.
cm
or
Lifou. Balansa
Type: Loyalty Is.,
1.5(-2.3)cm long,
with
rarely
1 (-
—
929.
(1927)
long, becoming
m
—
shallowly cordate,
secondary
acute;
74
pale below, elliptical, (3
dark green above,
to
5
to
Petiole {0.6 —) 1
glabrous.
Fr.
—
E. Peninsula:
G.
Sojo,
Rachmat
(BO).
MOLUCCAS.
Moehtar
4382(HO)
17498
P.
399(h).
—C
(K).
e r
o
1868
New
(LAE).
—
Fig.
305
2.
t
Koslermans
e
Jaheri
M
(K).
e
m
—
—
(BO),
I.
I
. :
&
Koei
e
4410
Henty
Cropley
11
o n a
Sarcolobus retusus
I.,
.
—
a.
median
sectional
Streimann
view;
NGF 44269 ;
i.
twin-pollinia in
h,
i.
Franc
3107).
(BO,
I.):
a
I
s
P.
. :
K.
&
Dudinga, Idjan
Sanana,T. Baleha, Bloembergen
(L, U).
—
A
b
m
21317
L), Warburg
i
o
n a
: Warburg
21318
(A),
(E).
-
many collections.
NGF29664
1287
b.
Brass
(B).
—
D
y
a u
1 I
:
(E,
Koei
—
Ganongga
2562
(BO). —
U
1
I.: Mauriasi BS1P
a
w
a
I
. :
Tonaho.
(L, LAE).
glands at
and
Peekel224
(LAE).
base
of leaf;
to show the anthers and
side
NGF21996
(LAE); Awul, Sayers
(E, LAE),
(K, L, LAE).
BSIP 9619
habit;
gynostegium; f. gynostegium in obliqueview
1
Kornasi 1212
: Waimamura,
Sirute'e
K. Sch.
o e
& Frodin NGF27258
& Olsen
I
28
Halmaheira:
—
S
(L).
I . : Mauriasi BSIP 13810
S. Cristoval
B
—
Jensen
and Sudest
Britain:
s a u
a
(L).
(L, U);T. Siputeh,
30
Jamdena, Buwalda
u s
(L).
1569
: Forstens.n.
Ireland: Coode
(L, LAE).
Comins
a
(Incl. Goodenough
SOLOMON Is. O
14432
i:
a
n
Is:
BISMARCK ARCH. New
LAE). —
t
o
e r
: Kornasi849
a m
Is.: P.
NEW GUINEA.
r
P. T
Kei
—
Tanimbar
M
—
top
views.
c.
stigma;
fruit;
g.
(a, b, e — g.
d. seed with
stigma;
Koei
h.
coma;
e.
gynostegium in
& Olsen
1287;
c,
d.
R. E.
Rintz:
A
revision
of the
genus
Sarcolobus
71
72
BLUMEA
NEW CALEDONIA. Baumann-Bodenheim
Vieillard
(P). —
974
LOYALTY IS.
I.
L i f
O
d
e
I
U
.
Vernacular.
o t e
S.
s
Moluccas.
is the
of the synonyms
unopened
Two of the
thicker leaves
In
diam. but is
apices
and leaves
species,
from Ceram, is
base of the
a
have been
the
When
the
in
its
is
gynostegium
as
to
with the
3
of S.
Wichmann 95, Forsten
binomial
3.
Sarcolobus
For
3
5(
viens
2
—
6.5)
subrotate
pubescent
corpuscles
smooth
—
2.6
or
x
to
m
cm
retusus
—
to
and flowers 4
5
—
into
Kornasi 1212, the second
and flowers
at
of '5.
specimen
Schlechter in
by
is
it
dried,
in the
as
mm
in
obtuse,
a
the
forms.
'
did not
shrinks
form 5
to
staminal corona.
a
corona.
Leiden labelled S.
—
but the
apical
original description.
location for
true
specimen
species
quinquangularis
frequently
precise
226.
I
Decne.:
rotundifolius
find
can
no
record of this
—
3.7
through
to c.
cm
1
two
1
cm
(5
—
1.8
a
corona
globose,
cm
to
c.
)6
—
10( —12)
acute to
in
by
0.5- 1.2
cm
or
purple; pericarp
with 1
long.
diam., glabrous
or
(2.5
to
base
c.
)
to
12
densely
down the
unequal;
mm
or
Corolla
absent; twin-pollinia
cm;
—
obtuse; secondary
wings curving halfway
10x7
mostly
green above,
glossy
long; peduncle simple
present
to
Blade
—
long; pedicels
with the anther
in diam; nodes
more
mm or
shallowly cordate; apex
brown
without
5
pubescent.
obovate,
rarely
Fruit
long.
Distribution. In
from NE. India
long
mm
and the leaves show both
the groove
campanulate,
Gynostegium
cm,
broadly-
agrees well with
on racemes
0.5
rough-reticulate,
1.5—1.8
have thin
broad thickened
long, becoming
long,
23
apex,
mm
sulphureus’
species.
with smaller and
subspecies.
coralline and staminal
0.4
3
-
HLB 898, 171
elliptic,
or
shallowly
inside.
c.
5
to
Flowers 1
the
long
cm
leaves with acute, rather than
this artifact for
and
base obtuse
near
tube;
stamen
2
cm;
arching.
branches
ovate
2
—
Wall
Petiole 1 —4
below,
only
a
the stamens, the
under the
pale brown,
Stems
glabrous.
—
see
with fruits have
specimens
published.
globosus
synonomy
pale
been
having
s.n.
a coma.
flowers without brown strations.
peduncles
retusus
of S.
specimens
have seeds with
to
investigated.
identity.
mentioned
corona
gynostegium
are
Kwara'ae
twin-pollinium, however,
slightly enlarged
Schlechter mistook
There
(P).
Solomon Is.,
gynostegium expanded
doubt
no
1
having
and
longitudinal ridges opposite
Perhaps,
—
bot.
of ‘S
peduncles
gynostegium
larger plant
staminal
(BM),
from Ceram also represent curious variations. Kor-
with
plant
An examinationof flowers from the type
reveal
Franc 3107
minor variations within the
as
Specimens
the base of the
having
1581
,
within the genus
entirely yellow
especially noteworthy
and in
Virot
.
Meo
Is.,
be considered
specimens
The form of the
ring.
the
two
I
have shortened internodes 1
leaves and
diminutive
a
(BO, K, L, NY, P),
have been missed because the type and the
to
to
and smaller fruits.
addition,
nasi 849 is
Mare
—
Soela
seems
can
lifuensis’ '
elliptical yellowish
(P).
seem never
synonyms
of' S.
Specimens
Franc 1063
(P),
all without fruits. The few
are
which
ones
1980
(A, P).
only species
This very obvious character
types
1,
no.
sautalau.
retusus
.
Balansa 2405
,
language, kwalosufia,
N
14800
Virol 975
Pins,
s
VOL. 26.
-
with
surface
thick.
Seeds
coma.
more
or
less
geographically
Indo-China and Malesia
to
the E.
separated
coast
subspecies
of New Guinea.
R. E.
Notes.
Subspecies
but show
vegetatively
distributions of the
A
Rintz:
revision
geographical segregation
a
Talmy
90
formed
in
subspecies overlap
two
intermediates known from the latter
two
and
and Borneo with
The flowers in Pierre 386 & 4519,
shape
a
identical
nearly
are
Sumatra, Vietnam,
areas.
corollas of
pubescent
taxa
several floral characters. The
on
from Vietnam), and Winkler 3449 (from
(all
coronas
73
Sarcolohus
the
because
designated
are
the genus
of
have small but well-
Borneo)
intermediate between the
two
subspecies.
The
a)
In
peduncles.
each
so
bears 2
the corolla. In
3
or
or
rarely
whereas
racemes,
unbranched and bear
mostly
are
1
subsp. globosus they have
peduncle
peduncles
b)
differ in:
subspecies
the
single
a
it is subrotate and
subsp. globosus
2 branches
in
subsp.
the apex,
near
peregrinus
the
raceme.
partially
wholly pubescent
or
inside but in subsp. pereginus it is shallowly companulate and mostly glabrous
inside.
c)
the double
Absent
corona.
in
developed
in
poorly developed
or
subsp.
KEY
a.
Corolla subrotate;
b.
Corolla
double
absent
corona
poorly developed
or
double
campanulate;
subsp. globosus.
present, well developed
corona
b.
S.
subsp. globosus
globosus Wall.,
Or.
Soc.
Mai. Pen.
Wallich
S. banksii
Java 2
Beng. 74,
2(1935)
789
2
Roem. et Schult.,
258.
—
Bakh./,
S.
Kerr
in
Span,
Fl.
nomen
inCraib,
Contr.
(1831) no. 4468; Wight,
100;
Hooker/., Fl.
3,
(1912)
(1951)
1
no.
(1834)
Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 27;
Exkurs, Fl. Java 3
Fl. Siam. En.
4.
in
2
Fl.
Contr.
(1965)
3773
18.
88:
—
e
Gamble.
Diet. Econ. Prod.
Burkill,
T y p
47; Ic. PI. Ind.
King &
: India, Sundarbans,
—
1
3,
Miq.,
Fl. Ind. Bat. 2
I., Banks & Solander
46.
(1834)
(1857) 501;
s.n.
19.
(1854)
Bakh./.,
Decne.,
in
DC.
Type: Thailand,Finlayson
—
t.
Back. &
410,
nom.
ill.
Fl
(BM).
Gongronema? finlaysonii
(1951)
Ic. PI. As.
Bat. 2
—
non.
Wall.
Prodr.
403
8
(n.v.).
(1818) —Type:
(1857) 502; Greshoff,
Nutt.
Ind. PI.
(1895) 75,
t.
20; Back. &
Type: Java, Pekalongan, Spanoghe (n.v.).
(1857)
Ind. Bat.
58;
Prinsen
(K).
258.
Ind. Bat. 2
Miq., Fl.
(1820)
(1854) 53;
Fl. Ind.
Miq.,
ex
Java
6
Fl. Siam. En.
Craib,
Notul.
Griff.,
spanoghei Miq.,
(L),
List
536; Koorders,
Syst. Veg.
Malaya, Malacca, Griffith
S. narcoticus
4;
(1857)
Type: Java,
Gymnema?finlaysonii Wight,
S. carinatus
Flora 40
1965; Kerr
peregrinus.
(C).
(1965)
(1844) 625;
568, t.
12(1818)
(1908)
subsp.
3 h.
— Fig.
As. Res.
(1848) t. 1273; Hasskarl,
J. As.
well-
TO THE SUBSPECIES
a.
a.
but
globosus,
subsp. peregrinus.
—
502.
S. narcoticus
var.
2(1857)502;Greshoff, Nutt.
pauciflorus Span,
Ind. PI.
(1895)75, t.
ex
20.
icon.
—
no.
5 ined.
Type :
Java,
Pekalongan, Spanoghe (n.v.).
Petiole 1
single
—
2(
branch
glabrous,
pubescent
c.
1
present,
long,
with
Flowers
long.
cm
the
pedicels
apex;
1
—
1.5
white
cm
in
hairs,
10
—
20(
0.5—1
diam.;
the
—
23)
cm
on
long.
a
peduncle mostly
Corolla
throat and lobes
hairs
longest
at
green, white,
or
yellow-brown,
with
the lobes. Corollineand stamina! corona
the lobes
not
well-developed.
not
present
throat,
portion
longitudinal
or,
with
subrotate;
sparsely
the
shorter toward the apex of the lobes, imbricate
glabrous, pale
on
3.3)
mm
inside
progressively
stripes
—
near
to
a
tube
densely
becoming
of the lobes
brown
or
purple
if staminal corona
74
BLUMEA
-
VOL. 26,
no.
1,
1980
R.
Rintz: A
E.
Distribution. From
and Indo-China
in SE.
Banjirmasin
Ecology.
INDIA. B
e n
g
a
THAILAND.
(P). —
i
s.n.
H
e n
o a
of the
coasts
Malay
all coasts, and
along
at
June and
May,
Sept.
2955
(E, K);
Mergui, Griffith
(K).
s.n.
8 collections.
Germain
(P),
Thorel
:
Res., Lace
Kalegeik
Krungtep:
B
in Java
known,
Burma, Thailand,
to
both
10 collections.
c.
VIETNAM. Baudouin
India
all year, fruits collected in
Blooming
1:
NE.
along
common
well
not
75
genus Sarcolohus
Borneo.
BURMA. Tenasserim:
4519
Malesia
in Sumatra where it is
Peninsula,
of the
the Sundarbans in
in
(Saigon);
revision
s.n.
(P).
s.n.
90
(P), Talmy
—
Cho
—
(P).
S
i g
a
o n
:
(L),
Pierre
Cong:
Pierre
cTAlleizette 4820
(P). —
LaFevre 439
Quan:
Go
386.
MALAY PENINSULA.
Anson,
s.n.
Md
Haniff
(P), Griffith
28324
3773
SINGAPORE.
Sinclair
(SING).
e
Batu
:
13405
Perak: Scortechini
—
1513
1121
Pahat, Ridley
13485
(BM),
5840
(SING).
( L).
W. J
—
Banjirmasin,
a
Wiilfing 24 (BO); Pekalongan,
Vernacular.
Akar
127a
Corner 25355
(K); Mawai,
Telok
(K);
Anders
Malacca:
—
(K, SING),
(K).
11640
P.
(SING);
(E, L).
S.
Winkler 3449
Barito,
Deli-Atjeh border. Bangham 638 (A, NY);
JAVA. Coert 702
Malaya:
o r
tebrau, Ridley
Kalimantan:
SUMATRA.
h
o
—
s.n.
Pahang:K. Bruas, Ridley
—
Hullett32( K, SING), Ridley s.n.,5745,6044(SING); Serangoon, Ridley
Ayer Chawan,
BORNEO.
J
(K).
S.
(BO, SING);
Gimlette
Kelantan,
SFN 14171.
:
a
v
c.
Backer
20 collections.
16517
(BO).
Akar
C. Java:
E,
J
—
a
Baoli-lata.
Bengal:
India,
pelir kambing,
—
(L).
Bahra,
Batu
v
:
a
Yates
1874
Banjoemas,
(BO),
von
10 collections
c.
Thailand:
—
(NY).
Backer 31447
Buah
kambing-kambing,
hua
Tao
ling. -
pitis-pitis.
Java:
—
Walikambing.
Notes. Corolla
Griffith
& Solander
s.n.
varies from
vesture
3773 the lobes
glabrous
are
the lobes
are
uniformly pubescent
32 and Scortechini 127a the hairs
the entire corolla is
There are 2
short but
with
with
Hooker/ (Fl.
densely pubescent.
to
only
scattered
in Hullett
and in Clarke 21584
hairs.
comparatively long
Roxburgh
Brit. Ind. 4, 1885:
In
in Banks
hairs;
well-spaced hairs;
closely spaced;
variations in flower color. In
be orange red and in
to
are
densely pubescent
reported
nearly glabrous
and the throat has
6 the flowers
are
said
be
pale
subsp. globosus
but
28) they
said
are
to
purple.
Both corolline and staminal
poorly developed
there
are
this size
staminal
very small and
it is often hard
size in vivo, but the
in the
Banks
stripes
on
<£
corolla
they
say whether
generally
lobe
are
absent in
In Banks & Solander s.n.
occur.
corona
lobes. With
the result of
structures
shrinkage,
or
of their occurrence argues for the latter. In
specimen
flowers of this
on
are
do occasionally
overlooked staminal
consistancy
Solander
each
encountered
easily
to
coronas
coronas
there
instead
are
of
subspecies.
3
comparatively
the
10
fine
broad
stripes
of
of
equal
addition,
longitudinal
more
commonly
In all other respects, however, it is the
same.
Four
name
Fig.
unpublished
3.
Sarcolobus
gynostegium
away,
and front views.
intermediate form.
Beccari 699;
Solander in his Plantae Javanenses
globosus subsp. peregrinus (Blanco)
and double corona; f.
pollinia in top, side,
cut
binomialsexist. The Banks & Solander specimen
Cynanchoides drupacea by
—
b — d. Merrill, Sp.
i.
gynostegium
—
S.
and
Rintz. —
double
a.
habit; b. fruit;
corona
in median
globosus subsp. globosus Wall.
Gynostegium
Blancoanae
no.
and small double
1016;
h.
—
corona
Korthals s.n.; i.
h.
c.
was
given
(MS.
seed;
sectional
d.
in
embryo;
view;
g.
Gynostegium with
with corolla cut away,
Winkler
3449).
the
BM)
e.
twin-
corolla
(a,
e
—
g.
BLUMEA
76
followed by
Prince's
Teysmann
Latin
lengthy
a
prope Javam
I.,
s.n.
bear the
VOL. 26.
-
A second
description.
is
(BM)
name
1,
no.
named
1980
labelled Herb.
specimen
Cynanchum
To
rner,
Two
drupacea.
sheets
S. dichotomus and Koorders 29601b bears the
of
S.
name
horsfieldii.
b.
subsp. peregrinus (Blanco) Rintz,
Asclepias peregrina Blanco,
Schltr..
Fedde
multiflorus
Lauterbach
S. beccarii
S.
K.
Sch.
443
Fl.
&
Merr.,
Luzon,
Philippines,
Fl.
2
ed.
(1845) 146;
Blancoanae
Sp.
3.
Fig.
—
Bataan
3
—
7477
peregrinus
Neotype
(NA).
Guinea, Finschhafen,
New
Type:
S.
—
1016.
no.
Merrill
Prov., Limay.
509.
Schutzgeb. (1901)
—
262.
(1877)
(1918) 315,
(B)
Fedde
Warb.,
Beih.
Schltr.,
564:
Laut.,
Rep.
3
warburgii Schltr., Fedde Rep.
S. minor
ed.
Filip. (1837) 207;
(1915)
Schlechter:
designated by
S.
13
Rep.
slat.
nov.
Bot.
(1907)
3
308.
(1907)
Centralbl.
2
34,
Beccari
Beccari 699
699
,
Type: Borneo, Sarawak,
—
310.
—
T
e
yp
3.
(1917)
N. Celebes,
:
15848
Schlechter
Celebes, Toli-Toli,
type:
—
(K).
Amurang, Warburg
(n.v.).
20715
(n.v.).
Petiole
(1
)1.5
—
2.5(
—
conspicuously apiculate.
simple, rarely
with
campanulate,
1.2
—
4)
Blade
long.
cm
on
1.8
cm
on
the
in diam.,
with
peduncle
the
to
up
Haiphong
in
cm
long;
mostly
shallowly
with red-brown
glabrous inside, yellow-green
well-developed.
corona
Sumatra
obtuse,
to
apex
Corolla
long.
cm
lobes. Corolline and staminal
Distribution. From the Mentawi Is. off W.
Philippines;
acute
apex
0.8—1.5
0.8— 1.2
single branch; pedicels
a
longitudinal stripes
—
Flowers 5 —9
Borneo and the
to
the Moluccas and New Guinea;
Vietnam; through
absent from Malaya and Java.
Ecology.
collected in
collected
Blooming specimens
July
and
Squires 357 (BO, E, K, SING).
VIETNAM. Hue:
mostly
in
March and
fruits
Sept.,
Dec.
—
T
k i
o n
n
: Ha-coi, Wong Mo Shan, Tsang 29623
(BO).
of Se
LAOS? N.
SUMATRA.
Iboet
K),
Lampau,
Harmand
Bungus Bay, Meyer
(BO, L); Sikabaluan,
206
246
7331
van
(P).
Mentawi
(L). -
Is.: Siberoet
Borssum- Waalkes 2693
(L).
—
I.,
Boden-Ktoss
Simaloer
14537
(BM.
I., Achmad366,999(BO.
L).
BORNEO.
Sarawak:
Kuching,
3738
Anderson
Berau:
Bungawan,
Md.
Taha
Kostermans
4813
(BO); Tikoeng, Amdjah
PHILIPPINES. Luzon:
(K); Limay,
1684
Merrill
(K, NY).
CELEBES.
—
NEW GUINEA,
R.
delta,
White NGF
Casiguran.
u
1
:
u
Tawitawi
Koorders
Romer 204
Brass 8131
10424
961
(BO),
(BM);
Edano
(LAE),
Vernacular.
BS 45373
103
Kalimantan:
—
(L);
E.
Kutai:
Samarinda,
(C,
NY,
(K).
P);
—
L
Bataan,
e
y t
e
Merrill
BS
: Tacloban,
1016
Weniel
(B, K, NY).
Rachmat
173 (BO.
L).
(BO. L).
144a
Weinland
R.,
(K).
699
21006
BS 44035
(BO); Pasang Kajoe,
Nedi
Streimann &
Beccari
Escritor BS 20765
Ramos & Edano
Is.,
Omati
(L),
Kostermans
Redil,
(BO).
Ramos &
19640b
Patjan: Inggau R.,
V.
S 25523
T.
7477; Quezon, Quinayangan,
Minahasa,
MOLUCCAS. P.
Fly
S
(SING);
(B, BO, SING); Finschhafen, Lauterbach
& Simmonds
Womersley
Leleqn
NGF 18429
(LAE) ;
Oriomo
443
(B);
R., Grey
&
(LAE).
Sasa.
Celebes, Pasang Kajoe:
5061
—
Moluccas,
P.
Batjan: Lapi-
Lapi.
Notes.
Although
are
without
S.
peregrinus
of Blanco's work, all
terpretations
flowers;
several
is
based
specimens
on
Merrill
of Merrill's
have fruits. Vegetatively,
and
Sp.
they
Schlechter's
Blancoanae
are
good
no.
in-
1016
matches for
Merrill 7477.
Both S. minor and S.
types
nor
any
warburgii
specimens bearing
are
placed
these
here with reservations. I did
names
and I include them here
on
not
see
the
the basis of
R.
the
original
The type
his
specimen
descriptions
of S.
seeds. The
to-be-expected
Harmand246is
other records
Sarcolobus
been
plicibus,
5.5
0.2-0.4
0.4
T
y p
coast
in
u
mm
s
:
March
Calyx
1.5
cm
with
with
the
x
cm
a
ring
anther
base
1.3—1.6
subrotata,
plo longiore
(A;
cm,
N
o t e
of its
oblongus
near
the
Fig.
4.
quam
Folia
obtuso
tubo
probably
simple peduncles,
by
Harmand
an error
as
his
to
I have
Korthals
no
is labelled S.
s.n.
Bot. Centralbl. 34, 2,
(Beih.
record of it. I includeit here
2
petiolis
acuminatis.
2
circiter
—
its
on
3
laminis
longis;
cm
oblongis,
tnflorescentiae pedunculis
longo,
mm
alis staminorum;
long,
10
—
the groove
20x4—5.5
sine
circiter
corona;
of truncate
glands
wings curving
cm;
1.5
sim-
diametro.
cm
pollinaria corpusculis
m or more
Daru
a
long, becoming
—
the
near
0.4
cm
dull dark
the
I., along
8—10
mm
above,
green
obtuse-acuminate;
apex
margins.
Flowers
long; pedicels
inside. Corolla subrotate; tube
c.
0.4
2
c.
1-5
cm
mm
on
long.
long,
c.
inside, pale green outside. Gynostegium
down
the
smooth; pericarp
c.
stamen
c.
0.4
5
tube;
mm
mm
coralline and
long.
thick.
Fruit ovoid,
Seeds
c.
c.
2-2.5
80—100 per follicle.
coma;
only
from the southern coast of
Papua
New Guinea
Purari R. deltas.
Blooming specimens
Schodde
oblongus
collected in Feb. and
Daru
& Craven
I,
4489
Brass 6278, Streiman
rather than
March.
& Lelean NGF18424 (K); Gulf
(CANB, L.).
differs from all othermembers of the
and in the
distinct with the
margins,
Western Division:
base cuneate;
0.2
halfway
surface
without
and leaves
is also
Guinea.
glabrous. Blade
arching
glabrous, purple-brown
R. delta.
s. S.
stems
no
L) Papua New
iso: BM,
PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Western Division:
Purari
the
even to
both labelled S. incrassatus Schltr.;
find
green to dark brown, 2
cm
unequal,
Ecology.
Division:
is
absent; twin-pollinia with corpuscles
Fly and
the
rather
elliptical,
1936.
5,
Distribution.Known
near
for its
attributed
subspecies.
are
diametro.
mm
long; peduncle simple,
1
corona
cm,
8
—
nov.
straight, parallel,
in diam.,
staminal
8x4
oblong,
veins
to
racemes
can
cuneatis, apicibus
2
glabrous, pale
secondary
non-
a
minor.
Corolla
L. J. Brass 6278
below,
but I
Rintz, sp.
longis.
in diam. Petiole 2 —3
pale
subspecies.
longis.
mangroves,
Stems
this
the basis of
immature fruit with
an
account
Schlechter himself
by
teres circiter
tubo staminis
Gynostegium
circiter
44 J) bears
locality
binomials for this
is cited
basibus
cm
for
on
far from tidal influences.
so
with S.
Caulis
cm,
matches
peregrinus,
inside. The
published
oblongus
Planta scandens.
—
overall of subsp.
unpublished
supposed affinity
77
reliability.
of the fruit
may
Wenze! 1684 and Merrill 7477
having
good
of dubious
are
Sarcolobus
quinquangularis
Lampau, Laos', however,
and S. celebicus Schltr.
as
genus
multiflorus (Lauterbach
pubescent
occurring
There are 3
glandulosus;
10-20x4
fairly
are
immaturity
typical
i.e. 'N. of Se
specimen,
4.
of the
globose, shape.
but it has the corolla
1917:4)
revision
which
descriptions,
corona,
undeveloped
than
A
Rintz:
since Schlechter also described S.
However,
existant
E.
oblong shape of
secondary
veins
arching entirely
as
genus
in the
larger
size
the latter. The venation of S.
mostly parallel
in the
other 3
and
arching only
species.
78
BLUMEA
-
VOL.
26.
no.
1.
1980
R. E.
In floral structure, S.
Rintz: A
from the latter in
its
is similar to S.
oblongus
subrotate corollaand anther
of the
revision
and
79
globosus subsp. globosus
wings curving halfway
entirely glabrous
Sarcolobus
genus
down the
in
having
a
tube. If differs
stamen
somewhat shallower corolla and in
its
less revolute anther wings.
The
epithet
chose the
refers
name
to
but
the
did
of the leaves. I used it in honor of L. J. Brass who
shape
publish
not
it.
DOUBTFUL AND
The
C
4,
type
1912:
specimen
76),
Gongronema.
It
is not
pollinium
of S.
is sterile.
has
a
i.e. Pierre 4379 from Mt.
pierrei
(Cost.,
A
attached to
drawing
broad
EXCLUDED
shallow
staminal
the sheet
Dihn, Baria, Vietnam (Cost.,
shows
and
corona
SPECIES
a
a
flower
conical
which
seems
non-stellate
Fl. Gen. I-
to
stigma;
belong
to
the twin-
figured.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This
study
was
to Dr. C. G. G. J.
made
interest in
the work
Kalkman,
for
materials
BM,
on
loan. Thanks
Fig.
4. Sarcolobus
in median
due to the
Rintz.
expertise
view;
Brass 6278;
of the
b,
Thanks
My
due to the
are
and for his
following institutes
for
sincere thanks
Leiden who took
director,
Prof. Dr.
assistance in
go
an
C.
obtaining
loaning material:
A, B.
and SING.
habit;
carpels;
e.
to it.
Foundation.
Rijksherbarium,
Rijksherbarium
directors of the
a.
—
and the two
sectional
twin-pollinium. (a, d — h.
their
hospitality
NA, NY, P,
oblongus
of the corolla tube
gynostegium
the
are
LAE,
from the Flora Malesiana
grant
a
for his support and to the staff at the
and contributed
extending me
BO, C, E, G, K,
the base
possible by
van Steenis
stigma
c.
b.
c.
in
glands between calyx
gynostegium
oblique view
Streimann
&
Lelean
with the
with
and
three
NGF
corolla, stippled areas
calyx
are
and corolla cut away;
twin-pollinia in position;
18424).
d.
f.