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11/21/2016 Bio100 (Dr Paddack) Lecture 23 (11/2116) Exam ‘do-over’ quiz I. Anatomy & Physiology (Ch 20 con’t) A. Tissues - 4 types: 1. Epithelial (covered 11/14) 2. Connective (covered 11/14) 3. Muscle (covered 11/14) 4. Nervous B. Organs C. Homeostasis D. Organ systems (see Ch 20 for overview) 1. Endocrine system a. Components b. Function 2. Nervous system (Ch 28.1-28.2, 28.11) a. Components b. Function c. Evolution of nervous systems i. Nerve net (Cnidarians, adult Echinoderms) ii. Bilateral symmetry –cephalization & centralization d. Two anatomical divisions of advanced nervous system i. CNS ii. PNS e. Processing i. Sensory input ii. Integration iii. Motor output 3. Circulatory system a. Components b. Function 4. Respiratory system (Ch 22.1-22.7) a. Function b. Gas exchange occurs via diffusion c. Different respiratory systems: i. Diffusion across cell membrane/skin (requires moisture) ii. Gills (aquatic) Ch 20 Organs are made up of different types of tissues, each performing specific tasks in coordination for an overall function Nervous Tissue Dendrite nucleus Cell body axon Homeostasis Animal Organ Systems 1 11/21/2016 Nervous System Nervous System advanced in predatory Molluscs: Cephalopods (squid, octopus) 2 11/21/2016 Nervous System: 2 aspects Respiratory system Moisture required Neurons of PNS are bundled together & wrapped in connective tissue, forming nerves 2. Gills (aquatic) 1. Diffusion through cell membrane or skin (aquatic or very damp areas) 3 11/21/2016 Lecture 23 (11/21/16): Study Questions 1. List the 4 types of tissues. 2. Label this nerve cell (neuron) diagram correctly with the following parts of the nerve cell (neuron): cell body, dendrite, axon, nucleus, myelin sheath (Schwann cells), synapse 3. Why do neurons have so many branching extensions (dendrites) off the cell body? 4. Neurons are outnumbered by glia cells. List 4 different functions of the glial cells. 5. Define organ & organ system. 6. Define homeostasis 7. Which organ system is most strongly involved in maintaining homeostasis? Lecture 23 (11/21/16): Study Questions 7. Which organ system is most strongly involved in maintaining homeostasis? 8. Provide the basic components and overall function of each of the following organ systems: endocrine, nervous, circulatory, respiratory. 9. What type of nervous system and body symmetry do Cnidarians (jellyfish, anemones, etc) and adult Echinoderms (seastars, urchins, etc) have? 10. Bilateral symmetry allows cephalization, as well as distinguishing the nervous system into a central & peripheral system. Note which part of the system is involved in each step: sensory input, integration, motor output. Lecture 23 (11/21/16): Study Questions 11. Why do respiratory surfaces have to remain wet or moist? 12. Define diffusion and use it to explain gas exchange across a cell membrane. 13. What types of organisms undergo respiration simply by diffusion across their cell membranes or skin? 14. What types of organisms have gills? 15. Define the parts of the gill: gill arch, gill filaments, lamellae. 16. Why are there so many gill arches, gill filaments, and lamellae? 17. Describe the countercurrent exchange system of the gills. Why is it better? 4