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The first shots of the Civil War were fired when the Southern soldiers fired on the Union soldiers
at Fort Sumter
Ulysses S Grant was the commander of the Union at the end of the Civil War that later became
President of the United States:
The novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin had the greatest impact on the abolitionist movement
One of the advantages of the southern states celebrated during the Civil War was that many
battles took place on lands with which Southerners were more familiar.
The Missouri Compromise, The Kansas-Nebraska Act and The Fugitive Slave Act were all
contributing factors to the Civil War.
The Anaconda Plan is the name widely applied to an outline strategy for subduing the seceding
states in the American Civil War.
Slave owners in the South legally considered their slaves to be their property.
During the presidential reconstruction phase, Andrew Johnson gave numerous pardons to those
who participated in the government of the Confederation.
The Battle of Gettysburg was significant in the history of the Civil War, since it was the largest
loss of life in any Civil War battle and was a deciding battle in favor of the UNION.
During the Civil War, the surrender of the Confederate Army by General Robert E. Lee at
Appomattox Court House was a key event
Debate of sections on tariffs and the expansion of slavery were economic factors in the cause of
the Civil War.
Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address marked the new course of the civil war and a shift in the
focus of the Civil War to free the slaves
The economy in the South before the Civil War was one in which they produced more cotton and
other crops, but did not develop much industry.
African-Americans were able to be free if they could escape to the North with the signing of the
Emancipation Proclamation and would eventually be permitted to fight for the Union.
"With malice towards no one, with charity for all ... ... Let us strive to bind the wounds of the
nation ..." Abraham Lincoln, in his second inaugural addresses the readmission of the states of the
Confederation.
The most significant result of Uncle Tom's cabin was the people of the North became more
sympathetic with the slave masters of the South.
"So you are the little woman who wrote the book who made this great war!" - President Lincoln
in 1862 addressed Harriet Beecher Stowe when they met, as she wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
The Emancipation Proclamation stated that all slaves of the confederation were free and this was
immediately effective for all African-American slaves in the south.
Black codes were laws that were enacted to oppress and control African Americans after the Civil
War.
The 54th Regiment, the first all-black military unit for the Union, courageously gave President
Lincoln a
Clara Barton was the first person to establish a Nursing Corps during the Civil War
Radical Reconstruction was the part of Reconstruction that included military control, amendment
14 and restriction of supporters of the Confederation the right to vote
The battle at Antietam saw the bloodiest day of the Civil War
John Wilkes Booth was the person who murdered Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln was NOT an abolitionist from the beginning and it was some time before he decided that
he needed to change the focus of the Civil War to the freeing of the slaves in the South.
The Missouri Compromise was an agreement to establish control over the spread of slavery and
to maintain the balance of power in the United States.
Carpetbaggers was the nickname given to those who came to the south to enrich themselves by
exploiting the destruction of war and the despair of the people
Howard University is the prestigious African-American university established in Atlanta that has
been referred to as "Black Harvard"
In Maryland, it was necessary to maintain it as a state of the Union for the protection and security
of Washington DC
The Knights of Labor union ended when a bomb was exploded during a meeting leading to many
deaths and the loss of credibility.
When the market is controlled by one group in order to control pricing, this is called a Monopoly
Cornelius Vanderbilt was a shipping tycoon who bought all the competing companies and their
ships in order to eliminate competition in his industry which is known as Vertical Integration
Captain of Industry, JP Morgan, was known for keeping the money flowing and creating a
railroad trust?
JD Rockefeller was a Captain of Industry and Savvy business man. He became the richest man
ever by using both Horizontal and Vertical Integration
During the 1870’s-1900’s, the US economy can best be described as a Laissez Faire economy.
The division of time across the country created by the railroads is called Standard Time Zones
Many people who invested in the railroads made a profit because the railroad trusts received
Federal Subsidies
Eugene V Debs was a union leader who was arrested, tried and convicted after not stopping a
strike when an injunction from a court order compelled him to do so.
A leader in his industry, Andrew Carnegie produced steel which was a product necessary for the
growth of cities and railways in the United States.
When a representative or group of representatives for the laborers negotiates with management
for the workers, it is called Collective bargaining
When laborers did not feel that their work conditions were safe, their pay was inadequate or
unfairly reduced, or that they were being treated unfairly, they would Strike/Protest when
management would not negotiate.
Both the Pullman Strike and the Haymarket Square strike are examples of why the American
people began to distrust Unions
In an attempt to regulate the trusts and break up monopolies, The Sherman Anti-Trust Act ended
up being used against the laborers who stood up against unfair treatment.
A group of companies or people who intentionally buy up all the competition in an industry to
control the market is called a Trust
When a company controls all means of production from raw resources to distribution of the
finished product, this is called Horizontal Integration/Consolidation
A Wildcat Strike is when a local union strikes without the knowledge or consent of the national
union
A system of turning out large numbers of products quickly and inexpensively is referred to as
Mass Production
Urbanizations is the rapid growth of cities and their populations
Ellis Island is the processing station where immigrants met with officials when they arrived in
the United States.
A “melting pot” is the blending of many people to create a single culture
Skyscrapers are tall buildings with steel frames
Elisha Otis is the inventor of the elevator
Mass transportation is a public system for moving many people inexpensively
Immigrants had always come to America for economic opportunity and religious freedom.
Most immigrants traveled to the United States in the steerage section of steamships.
Most new immigrants lived in cities because they needed to be close to their jobs.
Rural-to-urban migrants wanted to obtain good jobs.
The invention of elevators made skyscrapers practical.
Living conditions in tenements often meant few windows and little sanitation.
After the railroads were mostly completed, many workers who had built them were sent back to
their home country and prevented from returning for over 10 years by The Chinese Exclusion Act
of 1882.
Technology improved city life with the invention of the elevator, steel beams, cast iron supports,
trolleys, elevated tracks and mass transportation.
This growth of cities made the services of police departments, fire departments, sanitation
departments necessary.
The attempt to industrialize the South failed because of the lower level of education, resistance to
change, a long standing farming society, and lack of participation in industrial jobs.
The Tobacco industry was successful because it was a farming industry and it was led by owners
who were educated in the north.
“Jim Crow Laws” were laws used to segregate whites and blacks. They were enforced in places
like restaurants, rest rooms, schools, trains, and other public areas.
Plessy v. Ferguson upheld that segregation was legal and this led to increased racism and
mistreatment of the black community. Intended to provide “separate but equal” accommodations,
it rarely, if ever, accomplished equality in anything.
Westward expansion included the Homestead Act, increased railroads, the Transcontinental
Railroad, and loss of land and rights for the Native Americans.
The Native American experience during Westward Expansion and the loss of their rights/landsRemember Dance With Wolves- Comparison of tribes (Pawnee vs Sioux)
Progressives sought social justice and human rights for all citizens
The Triangle Shirtwaist fire led to workplace safety regulations and improved fire escapes for
buildings.
Ida B. Wells was a founder of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People) an organization that sought equal rights and opportunities for African
Americans.
The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of
steel from molten pig iron prior to the open hearth furnace
Educator Booker T. Washington was one of the foremost African-American leaders of the late
19th and early 20th centuries, founding the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, now known
as Tuskegee University
The Rogues Gallery was the first “criminal photographic database” and was created by the
NYPD.
The Gilded Age was an era of opulence and excessive demonstration of wealth and architecture.
Examples included Vanderbilts Biltmore House and The Breakers.