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THE BODY IN MOTION CHAPTER 1 Summary How do the musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory systems of the body influence and respond to movement? • Human movement results from the complex interaction of the skeletal, muscular, nervous and cardiorespiratory systems. • The shape and length of bones and how they join other bones influences the movements those bones can make. • Bones can be classified as long, flat, short or irregular bones. • The interface between bones (the joints) play a significant role in human movement. • There are three categories of joints: immoveable, cartilaginous and synovial joints. • Synovial joints have common features that influence their efficiency of movement; these include hyaline cartilage, synovial membranes, joint capsules and synovial fluid. • There are six types of synovial joints in the body: ball and socket, hinge, condyloid, saddle, gliding and pivot. • There are three types of muscle in the human body: concentric, eccentric and isometric muscles. • Muscles usually work in pairs known as the agonist and antagonist. • The respiratory system controls oxygen input and carbon dioxide output from the human body. • The key components of the respiratory system are the nose, mouth, trachea, bronchil tubes and alveoli. • Gas exchange through the walls of the alveoli determines oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood. • The efficiency of the respiratory system can be measured by simple field observations or complex scientific analysis. • Total lung capacity (TLC), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiatory volume are important measures of respiratory capacity. • The heart is a complex organ that regulates blood flow around the body. 1 Copyright © 2010 McGraw-Hill Australia. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.