Download The Cardiorespiratory System SAMPLE 2

[Company name]
The Cardiorespiratory System
[Document subtitle]
Perry, Darren L
2-13-2017
TCE Sport science
The Cardiorespiratory system
The Cardiorespiratory System:
The major anatomical structures of the cardiorespiratory
system include the heart and lungs. The heart is considered
to be the powerhouse of the circulatory system, its function
is to pump blood around the body. Each time the heart
contracts, blood is pumped around the body. The heart is
comprised of:




Atria- the two upper chambers: right and left atrium.
Ventricles- the two lower chambers: right and left
ventricle.
Bicuspid valve- a valve that separates the left atrium
from the left ventricle.
Tricuspid valve- a valve that separates the right atrium
from the left ventricle. (Mullan & Bizley, The Working
Body, 2007)
(Circulatory System, n.d)
Another vital anatomical structure of the cardiorespiratory system is
the body’s blood vessels. Blood vessels are a network of tubes that
carry blood around the body. There are different types of blood
vessels including: Arteries, veins and capillaries. Each different type of
blood vessel has a different function.



Arteries- carry blood away from the heart.
Veins- carry blood to the heart.
Capillaries- “network of tubes around tissue that allow
particles to pass from the blood into the tissue and vice versa”
(Mullan & Bizley, The Working Body, 2007)
The other main component of the cardiorespiratory system is the
lungs. The lungs are comprised of three main components: bronchi,
bronchioles and alveoli. Where the trachea divides into two
passageways is known as Bronchi, these passageways lead into the
lungs. These passageways then divide again into smaller bronchi and
then again into small tubes known as bronchioles. Alveoli are tiny air
sacs that branch off from the bronchioles. All together these
components make up the lungs. (Mullan & Bizley, The Working
Body, 2007)
Oxygen and a mix of other gases including nitrogen and carbon
dioxide enter the body through both the buccal and nasal cavity
(mouth and nose). Both cavities join together at the top of the
mouth where oxygen passes through into the pharynx (throat).
These gases then pass down through the network of passageways
before entering the alveoli (Mullan & Bizley, The Working Body,
(The circulatory system, 2015)
(the lungs-anatomy of lungs)
TCE Sport science
The Cardiorespiratory system
2007). Gas exchange occurs in two sites of the body, the first being in the alveoli. External
Respiration: here an exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place within the lungs,
with the carbon dioxide being exhaled and the oxygen inhaled (Toro, 2013). Oxygen enters
the bloodstream via the millions of tiny blood vessels known as capillaries, and vice versa for
carbon dioxide exiting the body from the bloodstream (Mullan & Bizley, The Working Body,
2007). Internal respiration: the gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells of
the body and blood. For example in a muscle where red blood cells exchange carbon dioxide
for oxygen (University, 2017).
“In Healthy people, predictable physiologic changes occur during exercise.” (Milani, Lavie,
Mehra, & Ventura, 2006) During exercise many acute responses occur in the body as a result
of working muscle needing a greater supply of oxygen to increase energy production.
Because the body is producing more energy, “more carbon dioxide is produced and exhaled
from the lungs” (Mullan & Bizley, The Working Body, 2007).




An increase in heart rate- blood is circulated around the body at a faster rate.
Higher blood pressure- as you exercise your heart pumps more blood and blood
pressure increases.
Increase in body temperature- during exercise the body generates more heat, this
extra heat exits the body through the skin as sweat.
Increase in stroke volume- the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle is
increased.
Bibliography
Circulatory System. (n.d). Retrieved from opencurriculum.org:
https://opencurriculum.org/5391/circulatory-system/
Milani, R. V., Lavie, C. J., Mehra, M. R., & Ventura, H. O. (2006). Understanding the Basics of
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing. Mayo Clinic Proceedings.
Mullan, N., & Bizley, K. (2007). The Working Body. Oxford: Heinemann Library.
The circulatory system. (2015, April 23). Retrieved from blogspot.com:
http://room7tp.blogspot.com.au/2015/04/the-circulatory-system.html
the lungs-anatomy of lungs. (n.d.). Retrieved from anatomy-medicine.com: http://anatomymedicine.com/respiratory-system/57-the-lungs.html
Toro, R. (2013, February 4). Human Respiratory system-diagram-how it works. Retrieved from
livescience.com: http://www.livescience.com/26825-human-body-system-respirationinfographic.html
University, T. P. (2017). Gas Exchange. Retrieved from online.science.psu.edu:
https://online.science.psu.edu/bisc004_activeup002/node/5331
TCE Sport science
The Cardiorespiratory system