Download Biology 11 final review

BIOLOGY 11
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
UNIT I: SCIENTIFIC SKILLS
UNIT III: MICROBIOLOGY
1. Scientific Method
 Know the 6 steps of Scientific Method
 Terms: control group, experimental group,
hypothesis
2. Taxonomy (Ch. 18)
 How are organisms classified?
 Define taxonomy
 List the 7 taxa in order
 Define Species
 Use binomial nomenclature to describe
organisms
 What are the three domains and what
makes them different?
 What are the six kingdoms of living things?
What are the basic characteristics of each
kingdom?
 See Figure 18-12 on P. 459
1. General
 Cell structures & functions
 Know microscope formulae: actual size and
drawing magnification. Do NOT need to
memorize field diameters.
 Differentiate between eukaryote &
prokaryote
 Differentiate between plant & animal cells
2. Viruses (Chapter 19)
 Describe the basic structure of a virus
(bacteriophage diagram, p. 479)
 Define bacteriophage
 How do viruses reproduce?
 Compare & contrast lytic and lysogenic
cycles (diagrams p. 481)
 Define retrovirus
 Why are viruses sometimes considered
living? Nonliving?
3. Bacteria (Kingdom Eubacteria &
Archaebacteria) (Chapter 19)
 Describe the characteristics of these two
Kingdoms and similarities/differences
 What are the three basic shapes of
bacteria?
 How do bacteria reproduce?
 Define & understand the following
terms:
Phototroph
Heterotroph
Obligate aerobe
Fermentation
Binary fission
Autotroph
Chemotroph
Objligate anaerobe
Facultative anaerobe
Conjugation
Pathogen
Antibiotic
Vacine
UNIT II: EVOLUTION
1. DNA (Chapter 12)
 Describe the structure of DNA –
complementary base pairing, nucleotide, be
able to label diagram
 Identify roles of DNA in evolution
 DNA replication, transcription & translation
 Understand the role of mutation and sexual
reproduction in evolution
2. Evolution (Ch. 15)
 Fossils
 Comparative embryology
 Vestigial Structures
 Homologous Structures
 Biochemical Similarities
 Lamarck – 3 incorrect assumptions
(“Laws”)
 Darwin: Theory of Natural Selection
 Define & understand the following
terms:
Survival of the fittest
Speciation
Divergent and Convergent Evolution
Fitness
Genetic Drift
Adaptation
Mass extinction
Analogous & Homologous Structures
Niche
Reproductive Isolation
Artificial selection
Punctuated Equilibrium versus Gradualism
UNIT IV: PROTISTS, FUNGI & PLANTS
4. Protists (Kingdom Protista) Chapter 20
 Describe the general characteristics of
protists
 Describe the parasitic protists such as
plasmodium & trypanosoma
 How are protists classified?
 Know the basic structures and functions of:
Ameba, Euglena, Dinoflagellates, Diatoms,
and Paramecium
BIOLOGY 11
FINAL EXAM REVIEW

Compare and contrast zooplankton and
phytoplankton
 What is red tide?
5. Fungi (Kingdom Fungi) (Chapter 21)
 Describe the general characteristics of
fungi
 Describe the basic structure of fungi
 What are lichens?
 Define and understand the following
terms:
Hyphae
Mycelium Fruiting Body
Rhizoids Mycorrhizae
5. Plants (Kingdom Plantae) Chapter 22
 Describe the general characteristics of
plants
 What are the four major groups in the plant
kingdom and what are their characteristics
 How do the different groups reproduce?
 Define and understand the following terms:
Sporophyte Gametophyte Xylem Phloem
Monocots Dicots Pollination Seed Fruit
Germination
 What are the adaptations made by
gymnosperms and angiosperms that make
them successful?
 Be able to identify the structure of a typical
flower (P. 612)
UNIT V: ANIMALS
1. Identify characteristics that unify all animals:
2. Define and understand the following:
Anterior
Ventral
Cephalization
Bilateral & Radial symmetry
Ganglia
Posterior
Dorsal
Hermaphrodite
3. Differentiate between vertebrates and
invertebrates
4. See Figure 29-5 on P. 748
5. Phylum Porifera (Sponges) (Chapter 26-2)
 Explain the process of filter feeding in
sponges
 Define: spicules, collar cells, amebocytes,
central cavity, osculum
6. Phylum Cnidaria (Jellyfish, sea anemones,
corals, etc) (Chapter 26-3)
 Define & understand the following terms:
Polyp Medusa
Nematocysts
Gemmules
Budding
 How do Cnidarians reproduce?
7. Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
(Chapter 27-1)
 Describe the characteristics that unify this
phylum
 Know the life cycle of a tapeworm
 Describe the characteristics and
representatives of the three classes of
flatworms
 What is a parasite? How are some
flatworms adapted to a parasitic lifestyle?
8. Phylum Nematoda (Unsegmented
Roundworms) (Chapter 27-2)
 Describe the characteristics that unify this
phylum
9. Phylum Annelida (Chapter 27-3)
 What are the characteristics that unify this
phylum?
 Know the structures and functions of the
earthworm (P. 697, lab)
10. Phylum Mollusca (Chapter 27-4)
 What are the characteristics that unify this
phylum?
 Describe the three classes of mollusks
discussed in class and name
representatives of each
11. Phylum Arthropoda (Chapter 28)
 Describe the characteristics that unify this
phylum?
 What is molting? Why does it occur?
 What are the four subphyla of arthropods?
What are the characteristics of each? What
Class is in each Subphylum?
 Define and understand: exoskeleton, chitin,
tracheal tubes, spiricles, Book lungs and
gills, Malpighian tubules, cephalothorax,
abdomen, mandible, chelierae, pedipalps.
 Differentiate between complete &
incomplete metamorphosis.
 How do social and non-social insects
communicate?
12. Phylum Echinodermata (Chapter 28)
 What characteristics unify this phylum?
 Define: water vascular system, tube feet,
madreporite, ring canal
UNIT VI: VERTEBRATES
 The Rat – know the organs and their
function. Be able to answer any of the
questions from the lab.