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Name Date REVIEW CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARD 8.9.5 Slave States and Free States— Compromise and Debate Specific Objective: Analyze the significance of the States’ Rights Doctrine, the Missouri Compromise (1820), the Wilmot Proviso (1846), the Compromise of 1850, Henry Clay’s role in the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision (1857), and the Lincoln-Douglas debates (1858). Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company Read the chart below to answer questions on the next page. States’ Rights Doctrine - Supported by many southerners before the Civil War - Said the U.S. Constitution was an agreement among the states; states could block the actions of the federal government they didn’t like; states were free to secede from the Union - Main proponent—John C. Calhoun Missouri Compromise, 1820 - Missouri asked for statehood as a slave state, threatening to upset the balance in Congress between slave and free states. - Henry Clay came up with the Missouri Compromise: outlawed slavery in the future anywhere north of Missouri’s southern border; admitted Maine as a free state; kept the balance in Congress Wilmot Proviso, 1846 - Proposed outlawing slavery in any territory the United States might win in the Mexican War - Slaveholders were against it; they said slaves were property and the Constitution gave equal rights to all property holders. Compromise of 1850 - California asked to be let in as a free state. - Henry Clay suggested the compromise: California would be a free state; Congress agreed not to outlaw slavery in the rest of the territories; Congress had to promise a stronger fugitive slave law. KansasNebraska Act, 1854 - Proposed by Senator Stephen A. Douglas - Allowed popular votes in Nebraska and Kansas to decide if each would be a free or slave state (popular sovereignty) - Replaced the Missouri Compromise of 1820 Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857 - Dred Scott, a slave, sued for his freedom because he had lived in a territory where slavery was illegal. - The Supreme Court ruled against him; said slaves, and all African Americans, were not citizens of the United States. - The decision increased tensions between the North and South. Lincoln-Douglas debates, 1858 - Douglas was the Democratic Senator from Illinois; Lincoln was his Republican challenger. - In a series of debates throughout Illinois they discussed the expansion of slavery, Dred Scott, and the future of the Union. - Lincoln argued against the expansion of slavery, but not for abolishing slavery outright; Douglas argued for popular sovereignty, or allowing the population of a state to decide its own laws by voting. CSS Specific Objective 8.9.5: Review 151 Name Date PRACTICE CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARD 8.9.5 Slave States and Free States— Compromise and Debate Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. The states’ rights doctrine held that A B 4 What was the aim of Henry Clay’s Compromise of 1850? states had fewer rights than the federal government. A the U.S. Constitution applied to some states but not all. to protect states by limiting the power of the national government B to resolve the issue of slavery in the territories once and for all C to stop the South from splitting away from the United States D to unite the North and South againt the western territories C the federal government was useless. D states could choose to leave the Union. 2 Which law repealed the ban on slavery north of Missouri’s southern border? A Compromise of 1850 B Kansas-Nebraska Act C Missouri Compromise D Wilmot Proviso 3 In his 1858 debates with Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln argued that slavery should be A expanded throughout the Union. B spread worldwide. C completely abolished. D regulated to certain states. 152 CSS Specific Objective 8.9.5: Practice 5 In the case of Dred Scott, the Supreme Court decided that A Scott should be allowed to go free. B Scott was not a citizen of the United States. C slavery was illegal north of the Missouri Compromise line. D slavery should not be allowed in the South. Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company 1