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R. Zaslavsky/Basic Versification Terms Foot: Unit of meter or rhythm (can only be two or three syllables long). Types of Feet [x = unstressed syllable; / = stressed syllable]: [Note: keep in mind that syllables are relative to each other and to the context in regard to whether they are stressed or not.] Common Coleridge x / x / e.g., I am; begin iamb/iambus [x /], {adjective: iambic} march {adjective: trochaic} trip / stumble xx / e.g., rearrange {adjective: anapestic} jumps / x x / x x e.g., happiness; metrical {adjective: dactylic} run purposefully / / e.g., Monday {adjective: spondaic} strong / powerful ---------------------- {adjective: pyrrhic} / x / x e.g., present; golden trochee [/ x], [run] anapest [x x /], [strike back] dactyl [/ x x], [finger] Less Common spondee [/ /], [libation/feast] pyrrhic [x x], amphibrach [x / x], [both (ends) short] amphimacer [/ x /], [both (ends) long] Lengths of lines: monometer one foot dimeter two feet trimeter three feet tetrameter four feet pentameter five feet hexameter six feet heptameter seven feet octameter eight feet Groups of Lines: couplet [rhymes] tercet quatrain cinquain/quintain sestet octave x / x x / x e.g., department; momentous / x / e.g., Jack and Gill {adjective: amphibrachic} {adjective: amphimacer} dignity e.g., Jack and Gill [amphimacer monometer] 1 e.g., Went up the hill [iambic dimeter] e.g., To fetch a pail of water [trimeter, 2 iambs + 1 amphibrach] e.g., Had we but world enough and time [iambic tetrameter] 2 e.g., It is the grave of Jesus where he lay [iambic pentameter] 3 e.g., For I would we were changed to white birds on the wandering foam: I and you [anapestic hexameter] 4 e.g., The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes [iambic heptameter]5 e.g., Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary [trochaic octameter] 6 two lines three lines four lines five lines six lines eight lines The most common basic poem form is the sonnet, a poem composed of fourteen lines. Rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhymes in a poem. Scansion is the process of determining the rhythm (the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables) of a poem. Blank verse is unrhymed iambic pentameter. Internal rhyme is the rhyme of a word within a line of poetry with the word at the end of the line. Onomatopoeia is the process of making a word whose sound imitates or echoes its meaning, e.g., “buzz,” “boom.” Alliteration is (strictly) the repetition of the same letter/sound at the beginning of words in a line of poetry or (loosely) the repetition of the same sound anywhere in a word. An allusion is an indirect reference to well-known event or story or literary work. 1 Mother Goose Rhyme. Andrew Marvell, “To His Coy Mistress.” 3 Wallace Stevens, “Sunday Morning.” 4 William Butler Yeats, “The White Birds.” 5 T. S. Eliot, “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.” 6 Edgar Allan Poe, “The Raven.” 2