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Cell Structure & Infectious cells Study Guide
Complete the data chart & be able to identify all parts on a diagram of a cell.
Organelles
Function
Cytoplasm
Gel-like material that fills the cell & surrounds the organelles
Cell membrane
Allows material to enter or exit the cell & protects the contents of the cell
nucleus
Control center of the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
Transport materials & proteins around the cell
ribosomes
Builds proteins in the cell
mitochondria
Provides energy for the cell by breaking down sugar molecules in cellular respiration
chloroplast
Provides food for a plant cell by collecting energy from the sun during photosynthesis
Cell wall
Rigid material that surrounds a plant cell that gives it shape, support, & protection
vacuole
Stores food, water, & other materials in the cell
Golgi apparatus (body)
Packages & distributes proteins and other material in the cell
lysosomes
Break down larger particles to smaller particles for recycling in the cell
Complete the data chart
Specialized Cell
Function
blood
Carry oxygen and other material throughout the body
bone
Structure and movement
muscle
Attaches to bone and allows for movement
nerve
Detects stimuli from the environment and transmits information between cells
epithelial
Covers the surface of the body and the lining of internal organs
Complete the data chart
Pathogen
Add Another Example
virus
Influenza, cold, HIV, chicken
pox
Most used treatment
vaccine
bacteria
Strep throat, pneumonia
antibiotic
fungus
Athlete’s foot, ringworm
Anti-fungal
Protist/ parasite
Malaria, tape worm
Varies depending on
the type
Brief Description
Tiny particle with nucleic acid surrounded
by a protein coat that can only reproduce
inside a living cell
Prokaryotic cell with a cell wall that
interferes with the normal function of a
cell & reproduces by binary fission
Most are unicellular organisms that
reproduce by spores
An organism that requires a host to obtain
nutrients to survive
1. What is the difference between an infectious disease & a non-infectious disease
Infectious can be spread from person to person & non-infectious cannot be spread
2. How are the following pathogens most often spread from organism to organism?
Virus: inhaling contaminated air, touch a contaminated object, coming in contact with a
contaminated person, exchange of bodily fluids
Fungus: inhaling spores, or spores landing on your skin
Bacteria: inhaling contaminated air, biological vectors, contaminated objects, coming in contact
with a contaminated person
Protist: contaminated food or water, biological vectors
3. What is the difference between an antibiotic and a vaccine?
Vaccines are weaken forms of a live virus/bacteria that creates an immune response that fights off
the infection when the actual virus/bacteria enter your body, antibiotics weaken of kill bacteria only
4. What does it mean that the cell membrane is selectively permeable?
The cell membrane allows certain materials to leave and enter the cell
5. Explain how pant and animal cells are different
Plant cells have a larger vacuole, cell wall, and chloroplast for photosynthesis
6. List ways you can prevent an infection from a pathogen.
Wash hands, exercise, get rest, eat healthy, get check-ups, stay away from contaminated people
7. Describe how a virus infects the body.
Attaches to a cell membrane, injects genetic material, duplicates until the cell burst & dies, newly
replicated virus attack other cells
8. What is a biological vector? Give an example. An organism that carries a disease that can be
passed to humans. Ex. Malaria is carried by mosquitoes
9. What is the negative affect of over-using of antibiotics? Bacteria becomes resistant to antibiotics
can be spread to other individuals and make the antibiotic ineffective
10. What are some positive ways that the following organisms can help in the environment or in
industries?
A)Bacteria: healthy digestive systems, production of dairy products (cheese, yogurt), Oxygen for
the environment, insulin production for diabetic patients
B)Fungus: Mold: used to make certain antibiotics
Yeast: use to make breads and alcohol from fermentation
11. In the equation, P4 + O2  P2O3, if there are 20 g of P4 and 15 g of O2, how many grams of P2O3
will form? 35g
12. List groups on the periodic table will ionically bond together. Group 16 ionically bonds with group
2, Group1 ionically bonds with group 17
13. Draw a displacement/time graph that represents positive acceleration
14. Name three gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect. Why is AC current used instead
of DC in the power grid? AC current can travel from high to low voltages & it can changes
directions
15. If you push a skateboard that has a mass of 60kg with a force of 6N, what force will the
skateboard push back on you according to Newton’s third law of motion? _6N____
16. If two objects have the different masses, which object is easier to accelerate? Which law
supports your answer? The smaller mass
17. The tendency of an object to resist change in its motion is known as ___inertia__
18. Newton's first law of motion states that an object remains at rest unless a(n) _unbalanced__
force acts on it.
19. The statement "for every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction" is a statement of
Newton’s _3rd_ law
20. When a swimmer pushes the water back, the water pushes the swimmer forward. What is
the reaction force to in this situation? water push the swimmer forward