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IMPERIALISM, FOREIGN POLICY, SPAM WAR CCs YELLOW JOURNALISM/YELLOW PRESS (Pink) News reporting, often biased or untrue, that relies on sensational stories and headlines. Newspapers that used sensational headlines and exaggerated stories in order to promote readership. People associated with: William Randolph Hearst - Publisher/Owner of New York Journal Joseph Pulitzer - Publisher/Owner of New York World Leading (if not most important) cause of Spanish American War. ...................................................................... ISOLATIONISM (Pink) A foreign policy that seeks to limit our relations with other countries as much as possible. - Beginnings of American history – WWI - Primarily... 1800s Monroe Doctrine “tests” “THIS” belief with Western Expansion - Presidents: Washington thru Wilson ISOLATIONIST (Y)- After WWI, American who wanted the US to stay out of world affairs. ...................................................................... MANIFEST DESTINY (Pink) w/ EXPANSIONIST/EXPANSION 19th Century doctrine that westward expansion of the United States was not only inevitable but a God-given right. - The extension or continuance of “this” came about during the Age of Imperialism. - Used to justify US imperialist actions (Ex: In Hawaii and Latin America). EXPANSIONIST/ EXPANSIONISM (Orange) Person who favors expanding the territory or influence of a country. Time: Beginning of US history – 1914 Who: Washington – Wilson (Presidents) -ORTo the West... Time: 1865ish (After Civil War) – 1914 (Beginning of WWI) Who: A. Johnson – Wilson (Presidents) IMPERIALISM (PINK) Political, military, and economic domination of strong nations over weaker territories. Policy of powerful countries seeking to control the economic and political affairs of weaker countries or regions. Time: 1870-1914 Who: Grant – Wilson Causes of this: 1- Economic Gain - Industrialists want raw materials for industries in their home countries; Entrepreneurs want to sel their goods and invest in new overseas markets. Extractive Economies (Yellow) - Economy in a colony where the colonizing country removed raw materials and shipped them back home to benefit its own economy. 2- Militarism - Colonial powers seek bases for naval forces that protect their global trade networks. 3- Nationalism and Social Darwinism Imperialist feel a moral duty to spread their culture to peoples they consider inferior. (Racism) “This-istic” spirit led the US to become a world power. One of the leading causes of WWI & WWII. ...................................................................... TREATY OF KANAGAWA (Orange) An 1854 treaty between Japan and the United States that opened up ports to American trade in Japan. Who: Matthew Perry - Negotiated an opening of Japan for trade with the West (US); Took “Great White Fleet” to Japan (1853) Significance: Short Term/Immediate: US was able to show Japan that they had military power and they would use it to achieve their goals. (AFP Tool = Defense Aggression/Deterrence) Long Term: Leads to bitter rivalries between Japan & US; Japanese industrialization; Japan to seek revenge. GENTLEMEN’S AGREEMENT [FOREIGN POLICY] (PINK) A 1907 agreement between the United States and Japan to limit Japanese immigration. (Informal discrimination) Background: Unions & other groups put pressure on President Roosevelt to limit immigration from Japan... BUT, Japan was a growing naval power in the Pacific and Roosevelt wanted to soothe Japanese feelings... Roosevelt condemned segregated schools and suggested that if San Francisco end its segregation order, he (Roosevelt) would restrict further Japanese immigration. Agreement: Japan would stop any more workers from going to the US. US would allow Japanese women to join their husbands who were already in this country. * Anti-Japanese feelings remained; CA passed a law in 1913 banning Asians who were not American citizens from owning land... US would take more drastic steps to stop immigration from Asia. ...................................................................... OPEN DOOR POLICY (Pink) American statement that the government did not want colonies in China, but favored free trade there; Policy issued by Secretary of State John Hay in 1899 that allowed a nation to trade in any other nation’s sphere of influence in China. Secretary of State, John Hay, sent a letter to the European Imperialistic nations asking that they keep their spheres of influence in China open so that all could trade there freely. Sphere of Influence (Yellow) - Region dominated and controlled by an outside power; Area where a nation had special trading privileges. - This angered many Chinese nationalists who did not like foreign influence in their land. - Americans did not want colonies in China - just wanted free trade there. ...................................................................... BOXER REBELLION (Orange) Violence started by members of a secret society in China, which prompted the governments of Europe and America to send troops to squash the rebellion; Uprising in China against westerners and Western influence in 1900. [Leave room to add to this card.] BIG STICK DIPLOMACY (Pink) Theodore Roosevelt’s policy of creating and using, when necessary, a strong military to achieve America’s goals. [Leave room to add.] ...................................................................... ROOSEVELT COROLLARY (Pink) President Theodore Roosevelt’s reassertion of the Monroe Doctrine to keep the Western Hemisphere free from intervention by European powers. Statement by Theodore Roosevelt that the United States had a right to intervene in Latin America to preserve law and order. - US = International police power [Leave room to add.] ...................................................................... DOLLAR DIPLOMACY (Pink) President Taft’s policy of expanding American investments abroad and building strong economic ties to Latin America. [Leave room to add.] ...................................................................... MORAL DIPLOMACY (Pink) Woodrow Wilson’s statement that the US would not use force to assert influence in the world, but would instead work to promote human rights. Wilson’s policy of condemning imperialism, spreading democracy, and promoting peace. [Leave room to add.]