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Transcript
ICP ECHS: BIOLOGY I; Mrs. Smith NAME:________________ Study Guide: TOPICS: Life Functions, The Scientific Method, Cells/Cell Organelles & Transport Biology Textbook – pages: 3 – 5, 8 – 10, 15 – 17 AND Chapter 7 (pg. 168 – 199) Complete the Study Guide to get 6 extra points I. Life Functions: A. Define the following terms: 1. nutrition: __ ____________________________________________________________________ i. autotrophic: ______________________________________________________________ ii. heterotrophic: ____________________________________________________________ 2. transport: ______________________________________________________________________ i. absorption: _______________________________________________________________ ii. circulation: _______________________________________________________________ 3. respiration: _____________________________________________________________________ i. aerobic respiration: ________________________________________________________ ii. anaerobic respiration: _____________________________________________________ 4. excretion: ______________________________________________________________________ 5. synthesis: ______________________________________________________________________ 6. regulation: _____________________________________________________________________ 7. metabolism: ____________________________________________________________________ 8. reproduction: ___________________________________________________________________ i. sexual reproduction: _______________________________________________________ ii. asexual reproduction: _____________________________________________________ 9. homeostasis: ____________________________________________________________________ 10. genes: ________________________________________________________________________ II. Scientific Method: A. What are the steps of the Scientific Method? 1. _____________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________ 4. _____________________________________________ 5. _____________________________________________ B. Define HYPOTHESIS. __________________________________________________________________ C. What is the difference between a manipulated variable and a responding variable in a controlled experiment? ____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ D. How can we find the CONTROL? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ E. Define Controlled Variables: ______________________________________________________________ F. Explain how you decide whether you should use a bar graph or a line graph: ______________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ G. Know how to read a: 1. graduated cylinder: ____________________________________________________________ 2. thermometer 3. metric ruler (answer: 1 m = _____ cm, 1 cm = _____ mm, 1mm = _____ µm) H. Vocabulary review: Use the words below to fill in the blanks with terms from the chapter. controlled experiment homeostasis manipulated data hypothesis 1. The process by which an organism keeps internal conditions fairly constant is _________________ . 2. A(An) _______________________________ is a procedure that changes only one variable at a time and keeps the others constant. 3. The information you gather from observations makes up your ________________________. 4. A(An) _________________________ is a proposed and testable scientific explanation for a set of observations. 5. In a controlled experiment, the variable that is changed is called the ___________________ variable. I. You have been assigned to design an experiment to determine the effects of light on the growth of tomato plants. In your experimental design be sure to: a) state one hypothesis to be tested: __________________________________________________________ b) identify the independent variable in the experiment: _________________________________________ c) describe the type of data to be collected: ____________________________________________________ I. Cell Theory A. How did Robert Hooke contribute to the cell theory? ________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ B. How did Rudolph Virchow contribute to the development of the cell theory? ____________ ______________________________________________________________________________ C. List three components of the Cell Theory: _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ II. Cell Structure A. List the Levels of Organization (from least complex to most complex): _____________________________________________________________________________ B. Define: 1. Organelles: ____________________________________________________________ 2. Cells: _________________________________________________________________ 3. Tissues: _______________________________________________________________ 4. Organs: _______________________________________________________________ 5. Organ systems: ________________________________________________________ 6. Organism: ____________________________________________________________ C. Describe the function of each of the following: 1. nucleus: ____________________________________________________________________ i. nucleolus: _____________________________________________________________ ii. chromatin: ___________________________________________________________ iii. chromosome: _________________________________________________________ 2. ribosomes: __________________________________________________________________ 3. endoplasmic reticulum: _______________________________________________________ i. smooth ER: ___________________________________________________________ ii. rough ER: ____________________________________________________________ 4. Golgi apparatus: ____________________________________________________________ 5. vacuole: ___________________________________________________________________ i. How does the contractile vacuole in a paramecium help maintain homeostasis? _______________________________________________________________________________ 6. lysosome: _________________________________________________________________ 7. mitochondria: ______________________________________________________________ 8. chloroplast: ________________________________________________________________ i. chlorophyll: __________________________________________________________ 9. cytoskeleton: ________________________________________________________________ i. microfilaments: ________________________________________________________ ii. microtubules: _________________________________________________________ iii. centrioles: ___________________________________________________________ 10. cytoplasm: _________________________________________________________________ 11. cell (plasma) membrane: _____________________________________________________ i. The core of nearly all cell membranes is a double-layered sheet called a(an) ____________ 12. cell wall: __________________________________________________________________ i. In what organisms are cell walls found? ________________________________________ D. Be able to identify cell structures in a diagram (review your class work). E. Use the Venn Diagram below to compare and contrast plant and animal cells: F. Complete the table about the two basic categories of cells: Category Definition Organisms whose cells lack nuclei Examples Organisms whose cells contain nuclei III. Cell Transport: Define each of the following A. Passive Transport: _____________________________________________________________ 1. Diffusion: _____________________________________________________________ 2. Osmosis: ______________________________________________________________ 3. Facilitated diffusion: ____________________________________________________ B. Active Transport: _____________________________________________________________ 1. Endocytosis: ___________________________________________________________ 2. Exocytosis: ____________________________________________________________ 3. Phagocytosis: __________________________________________________________ 4. Pinocytosis: ___________________________________________________________ C. What is meant when a system has reached equilibrium? _________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ D. What does it mean that biological membranes are selectively permeable? ___________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ E. Match the situation to the description. Situation ____ 16. Two solutions are isotonic. ____ 17. A solution is hypertonic. ____ 18. A solution is hypotonic. Description a. The solution is above strength in solute. b. The solutions are the same strength. c. The solution is below strength in solute. F. What is the role of protein channels in the cell membrane? ______________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ G. Is the following sentence true or false? Facilitated diffusion does not require the cell to use energy. _______________________________ H. The energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference is called ___________________________________ . I. Look at the beakers on the left. In the beakers on the right, draw in any changes in water level or number of solute particles on each side of the membrane that occur as a result of the described process. IV. J. Look at the diagrams. Label each as either facilitated diffusion or active transport. Microscope: A. How do we calculate the total magnification? _______________________________________