Download 4.4 Genetic engineering and biotechnology - McLain

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IB Biology
4.4 Genetic engineering and biotechnology PRACTICE
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(HL p1 May09 TZ1 q14) A. Both children are related to both parents.
B. Child
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I is related to the man but child II is not.
C. Both children are unrelated to either of the parents.
D. Child
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2. Which
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A. Their charge and their size
(HL p1 May08 TZ1 q)
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B. Their charge and base composition
C. The sequence of their bases and their charge
D. Their base composition and their size
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3. What happens to the unfertilized egg used in the cloning process of a differentiated cell?
A. It becomes fertilized.
(HL p1 May07 TZ1 q12)
B. Its nucleus is replaced by the nucleus of the differentiated cell.
C. Its nucleus is fused with the nucleus of the differentiated cell.
D. Its nucleus is exchanged with the nucleus of the sperm.
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4. In 2004, doctors in Britain were given permission to test embryos to see whether an APC gene with the
mutation is present. This test can be used where one of the parents is known to have FAP. The procedure
involves the parents using in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) to produce embryos, testing the embryos for the gene
and implanting only embryos that do not have the mutation. (HL p2 May07 TZ1 q3d)
(d) (i) State the name of this type of test…………………………………………………………….
(ii) State one advantage and one disadvantage of testing embryos in this way. [2]
Advantage………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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Disadvantage…………………………………………………………………………………………….
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scientists, investigating the scene of a murder, found a drop of blood. The sample was analysed to
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(HL p1 May05 TZ1 q14)
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A. The victim
B. Suspect 1
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6. Outline a basic technique for gene transfer.
C. Suspect 2
D. Suspect 3
[6] (SL p2 May09 TZ1 q7b)
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7. What is copied by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
A. Polypeptides
B. Polysaccharides
C. Polynucleotides
(HL p1 May04 TZ1 13)
D. Polyunsaturated fatty acids
8. Apart from international cooperation, outline two positive outcomes of the Human Genome Project. [2]
(HL p2 May04 TZ1 3b)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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9. Which process is used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
(SL p1 May09 TZ1 17)
A. Transcription
B. Translation C. Replication D. Mutation
10. A tiny amount of DNA was obtained from a crime scene and amplified. Following digestion with
restriction enzymes, which laboratory technique would be used to separate the fragments of DNA?
A. Karyotyping
(SL p1 May07 TZ1 16)
B. Genetic screening
C. Gel electrophoresis
D. Polymerase chain reaction
11. What was the original goal of the Human Genome Project?
(SL p1 May07 TZ1 17)
A. To determine the function of genes
B. To determine the nucleotide sequence of all human chromosomes
C. To determine how genes control biological processes
D. To understand the evolution of species
12. Genetic modification involves the transfer of DNA from one species to another. Discuss the potential
benefits and possible harmful effects of one example of genetic modification in a named organism. [8]
(SL p2 May07 TZ1 6c)
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KEY
1. A 2. A
3. B
4. (i) genetic screening
(ii) advantage: [1 max] prevent birth of children with FAP / fewer deaths / less genetic disease; eliminate
mutation from the population; reduce stress / uncertainty for parents;
disadvantage: [1 max] allows selection of embryos for implantation (which may be unethical); leads
to the euthanizing of embryos with the mutation (which may be unethical); expensive procedure;
Reject answers relating to abortion.
5. C
6. plasmid removed from bacteria;
plasmid cleaved/cut open by restriction enzymes;
desired gene/DNA extracted from donor;
DNA from donor cleaved using same restriction enzyme;
results in sticky ends; with complementary base sequences;
pieces of DNA from two organisms mixed;
ligase used to splice pieces (DNA);
recombinant plasmids formed;
insertion into host cells;
7. C
8. may lead to an understanding of genetic/inherited diseases/conditions;
may lead to the production of gene probes to detect carriers of genetic diseases;
may lead to the production of pharmaceuticals based on DNA sequences;
study of similarities/differences between human race/population;
find location of genes / produce a complete gene map;
study of human origins / migration / relationships with other species;
9. C
10. C
11. B
12. name of organism that was genetically modified;
source of the DNA / gene used to modify organism;
effect of the gene / characteristic coded for by the gene;
benefit/reason for wanting the recipient to be given this characteristic;
detail about benefit;
another benefit;
detail about another benefit;
possible harmful effect;
detail of possible harmful effect;
another possible harmful effect;
detail of another possible harmful effect;
reference to gene transfer between species being a natural process (with viral vectors);
uncertainty about long-term effect;
example
wheat / maize / other crop plant;
uncontrollable superweeds might be produced;
Salmonella typhimurium;
foreign DNA in the crop plant might cause allergies in humans;
resistance to glyphosate / roundup herbicide;
fewer weeds for wildlife that feed on them;
allows use of herbicide on growing crop;
N.B.:Examiners may want to check reliable resources to verify
higher yield due to less weed competition;
details of candidates answer.
weeds that are very similar to the crop plants can be controlled;
gene for glyphosate resistance might be transmitted to weeds;