Download Study guide: Microscopes and Cells Study the

Study guide: Microscopes and Cells
Study the following terms:
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
Lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; bacteria and archea are prokaryotic
Possess a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; plants, animals, fungi, and protists are
eukaryotic
Cytoskeleton
System of microscopic cables inside of cells that function in supports and movement; includes
microtubules made of tubulin and microfilaments made of actin
Nucleus
Contains DNA
Nucleolus
Location in nucleus where ribosomes are built
Ribosome
Structure that reads RNA molecules and uses this information to build polypeptides (which are
later folded into proteins)
Rough endoplasmic Series of membranes in cell with ribosomes on it that functions in building proteins and
reticulum
membranes; polypeptides made here end up either being secreted or being embedded in a
membrane somewhere in the cell depending on the job of that protein
Smooth
Series of membranes in cell that function in lipid production and detoxification
endoplasmic
reticulum
Golgi
Series of membranes in cell where polypeptides get modified, processed, and packaged; the
final protein structures are then shipped out to their destinations in vesicles; sometimes
carbohydrate groups are added to proteins in the organelle in a process called glycosylation
Vesicle
A small membrane bound object in cell that transports materials
Mitochondria
Organelle (formerly a free living prokaryotic organism) where lots of ATP is made
Chloroplast
Organelle (formerly a free living prokaryotic organism) where photosynthesis occurs; found in
many cells in plants and in many cells of some protists
Cell membrane
Lipid bilayer that surrounds all cells; has lots of proteins embedded in it that help control what
materials are allowed in or out
Cell wall
Structure that surrounds cells in plants and some protists; cellulose is an important component
of plant cell walls
Lysosome
An organelle which contains lytic enzymes like “acid hydrolases” (enzymes which break down
other things)
Vacuole
An organelle that may serve as a storage location within a cell; very small in animal cells; large
in plant cells where they play an important role in providing turgor pressure to help tissues
maintain their structure (if the plant vacuole loses too much water, the structure wilts)
Cytoplasm /
The liquid or gel-like material in the cell that surrounds all the organelles
cytosol
Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Why are cells small?
List the parts of the “Cell Theory.”
What is the evidence that supports the endosymbiotic theory?
Who were Robert Hooke, Anton Von Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, and Schwann? What were their big contributions
to this subject matter?
Practice labeling diagrams of a light microscope and various cells.