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Circulatory System
by
Robert Young, Charlotte Kelley,
Ryan Mooney, Kitae Kim, and
Alexa Jaenicke
Function
The circulatory system is responsible for the transport
of water and dissolved materials throughout the body,
including oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste.
The circulatory system transports oxygen from the
lungs and nutrients from the digestive tract to every
cell in the body, allowing for the continuation of
cell metabolism. The circulatory system also transports
the waste products of cell metabolism to the lungs and
kidneys where they can be expelled from the body.
Without this important function toxic substances would
quickly build up in the body.1
Structure of the Heart
The most important part of the circulatory system is the Heart.
The Heart is responsible for pumping blood through arteries and
veins throughout the body, bringing nutrients and oxygen to
each cells
Humans have double circulation. There are two circuits, one to
the lungs and the other to the body. This requires a four
chambered heart.2
Structure of the Heart
Left atrium receives
oxygenated blood from
lungs 3
Left ventricle pumps blood
to body through the Aorta 3
Right atrium receives
deoxygenated blood from
the body 3
Right ventricle pumps
deoxygenated blood to the
lungs 3
Main Types of Blood Vessels
On average, your body has about 5 liters of blood flowing
through it by way of the circulatory system. The heart, the
lungs, and the...
blood vessels work together to form the circle part of the
circulatory system. The pumping of the heart forces the
blood on its journey.
The body's circulatory system has three distinct parts:
-pulmonary circulation, or the lungs
-coronary circulation, the heart
-and systemic circulation, everything else
Each must be working correctly independently in order for
them to all work together.3
Video on the Circulatory System
Arteries
The heart pumps blood
out of one main artery
called the dorsal aorta.
The dorsal aorta then
branches out into
smaller arteries that
reach every different
part of the body.6
Arteries transport fresh,
oxygen rich blood to
capillaries.
Arteries have 3 layers
(like veins).6
Contractions of arteries
keep the pace of the
heart.
Veins
Transports blood at a low pressure which makes them weaker than
arteries. Veins have 3 layers- an outter layer of tissue, a middle
layer of muscle and a inner layer of smooth epithelial cells.6
Veins receive blood from the capillaries after an exchange of
Oxygen and Carbon dioxide has taken place. Veins transport
waste-rich blood back to the lungs and the heart.Veins also contain
valves that ensure that the waste-rich blood moves only in one
direction.6
Capillaries
Very small blood vessels, very thin.
Transports blood from arteries(with oxygen rich blood) then
the gas exchange takes place and the capillaries pass the
waste-rich blood to the veins9
Exchange of oxygen and CO2 takes place through the thin
capillary walls.6
Red Blood Cells
Cells are red because of the Hemoglobin in the cells
Hemoglobin contains Iron, which attaches to Oxygen and
Carbon Dioxide
it releases the oxygen in tissues and then carries away the
carbon dioxide and other waste gases
These blood cells have a life span of 120 days and are
always being reproduced4
White Blood Cells
these blood cells protect the body against disease
two groups of white blood cells: 1) GRANULOCYTES 2)
ANGRANULOCYTES
granulocytes:
NEUTROPHILIS-- first to arrive to fight bacteria, a virus,
fungi, and protozoa
EOSINOPHILIS-- moderate allergic reactions and fight
against parasitic worms
BASOPHILIS-- discharge histamine and heparin to
encourage blood flow to damaged area
angranulocytes
MONOCYTES-- react to inflammation signals
LYMPHOCYTES-- t cells: attack tumor cells, b cells:
make antibodies, nk cells: prevent cancer 7
Gas/Nutrient Exchange
"Oxygen is transported from
the lungs to the cells. CO2 (a
waste) is transported from the
cells to the lungs." 5
Blood is oxygenated in the
lungs.
Gas/Nutrient Exchange
Capillaries are so tiny, that only one Red Blood Cell can
squeeze through at a time. 11
The "squeezing" causes the Red Blood Cell to make
contact with the Capillary wall. 11
Contact allows for gas exchange to easily occur between
epithelial cells 11
CO2, H2O, and waste are
transported into the blood
O2 is transported into the
surrounding tissue
Gas/Nutrient Exchange (cont'd)
-The majority of gas and nutrient
exchange occurs in the capillaries
of the body.
-Nutrients and Oxygen diffuse
across the membrane between
the capillaries and the cells. 8
-A cell is no more than 20 to 30
microns from any capillary. That
is every cell (100 trillion of them)
in the body has a capillary no
further than 20 to 30 microns
delivering oxygen and
fundamental nutrients.10
Bibliography
1. "Circulatory System." Biology at Clermont College - University of Cincinnati. Clermont College, n.d. Web. 5 Nov. 2010. <http:
//biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/Bio105/circulat.htm>.
2. "Lesson 8 - The Circulatory System." Natural Health School. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Nov. 2010. <http://www.naturalhealthschool.com
3."Circulatory System." About The Human Body. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Nov. 2010. <www.fi.
edu/learn/heart/system
4."Red Blood Cells: Riding on the Red Road." Franklin Institute . Franklin Institute, n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2010.
.
<www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/red.html >
5."Circulatory System." Faculty.Clintoncc. Clinton CC, n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2010. <faculty.clintoncc.suny.
edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20102/bio%20102%20lectures/circulatory%20system/circulat.htm>.
6. "Blood Vessels: Veins - The Human Heart: An Online Exploration from The Franklin Institute, Made Possible by
Unisys." The Human Heart. The Franklin Institute. Web. 08 Nov. 2010. <http://www.fi.
edu/learn/heart/vessels/veins.html>.
7. "White Blood Cells." Welcome to Wisc-Online.com. Web. 08 Nov. 2010. <http://www.wisc-online.
com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP14704>.
8. Raven, Peter, and George Johnson. "Circulatory Systems - Biology Encyclopedia - body, animal, organs,
blood, separated, major, temperature, first, transport, tissues, leaves." Biology Reference. McGraw-Hill, n.d.
Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://www.biologyreference.com/Ce-Co/Circulatory-Systems.html>.
Bibliography
9. Bailey, Regina. "Capillary."Biology. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://biology.about.
com/od/anatomy/ss/capillary.htm
10.Yahya, Harun. "The Miracle of The Blood and Heart." Harun Yahya - An Invitation to The Truth. N.
p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://www.harunyahya.com/b
11. Starr, Cecie, and Ralph Taggart. Diversity of life: Biology: The unity and diversity of life. 9 ed. Belmont,
Calif.: Wadsworth Publ., 2001. Print.