Download Cardiovascular system File

Anatomy & Physiology
Cardiovascular System
Lesson objectives
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To label the chambers of the heart
To explain how blood flows through the heart
To list the main blood vessels
To describe the structure and function of the
blood vessels
• To explain the circuit of the blood vessels around
the body and back to the heart
Cardiovascular System
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Cardio – heart
Vascular – blood vessels (arteries, veins etc.)
Made up of three different parts:
The heart
The blood vessels
The blood
Functions of the Blood
• Responsible for transporting oxygen around the
body
• Defence against infections, illnesses etc.
• Removal of waste products
• Transporting nutrients
• Thermoregulation (temperature control)
• Clotting
Location of the Heart
• The heart is located in the middle of the
thorax
• Between both lungs
• Apex pointing towards left hip
Heart Structure
• Pumps blood around the body
• Made of four compartments – 2 atria (more
than one = atrium) and 2 ventricles
• Cardiac muscle – never gets tired
• Aorta
• Pulmonary artery
• Vena cava
• Pulmonary vein
Aorta
Superior
Vena Cava
Pulmonary
Artery
Pulmonary
Vein
RIGHT ATRIUM
Right atrium
LEFT ATRIUM
RIGHT
VENTRICLE
Right ventricle
Inferior
Vena Cava
LEFT
VENTRICLE
FROM UPPER
BODY
TO BODY
TO LUNGS
TO LUNGS
FROM LUNGS
Right ventricle
FROM LOWER BODY
Blood flow through the heart
Atria contract
and ventricles
fill with blood
Atria fill
with
blood
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2
Ventricles contract
and blood is pumped
to lungs and around
body
3
Ventricles relax and
cycle starts again
4
Valves of the Heart
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4 valves
Tricuspid (right)
Bicuspid (left)
Aortic
Pulmonary
Blood Vessels
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Hollow tube like structures that carry blood
Five different types of blood vessel:
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
• Stretched out the blood vessels of an average
human will encircle the earth twice
Aorta
• Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
to the body
• Largest artery in the body
Pulmonary Artery
• Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
• Blood is oxygenated and carbon dioxide is
removed
• Only artery in the body that carries
DEOXYGENATED blood around the body
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Vena Cava
• Carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart
from the body
• Superior and inferior
Pulmonary Vein
• Carries OXYGENATED blood back to the heart
from the lungs
• Only vein in the body to carry OXYGENATED
blood
Pulmonary Vein
• Carries OXYGENATED blood back to the heart
from the lungs
• Only vein in the body to carry OXYGENATED
blood
Pulmonary vein
Vena cava