Download Epithelial Tissue. Simple (one layer) epithelium

LECTURES
FACULTY OF MEDICINE
Department of Histology and Embryology
1-year course; 2nd semester 2012
Monday 815-920h.
Lectures are delivered in the “ Lecture and class hall”, , in the Histology
and Embryology Department (Collegium Pathologicum) on the ground
floor.
DATE
1.
SUBJECT
2.
13.02.12 Inaugural lecture. Introduction to
Histology
20.02.12 Cell structure (Cell components)
3.
27.02.12 Epithelial tissue
4.
05.03.12 Epithelial glands (unicellular). Various
secretory systems of glandular cells.
Principal types of exocrine glands
5.
6.
12.03.12 Blood (Composition of plasma, blood
cells, hematopoiesis)
19.03.12 Proper connective tissue
7.
26.03.12 Bone and cartilage
8.
02.04.12 Muscle tissue (Skeletal muscle, cardiac
muscle, smooth muscle)
9.
16.04.12 Nerve tissue and glial cells
10. 23.04.12 General Embryology
11. 07.05.12 General Embryology
12. 14.05.12 General Embryology
CLASSES
EDUCATIONAL GRAPHIC – HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY
1-year course; 2nd semester; 2012
930- 1135h.
Classes are delivered in the “ Lecture and class hall” in the Department of Histology and Embryology
(Collegium Pathologicum building) on the ground floor.
SUBJECT
DATE
1.
Histology, Cytology and its methods of study.
13.02.12
2.
Cell structure (Cell components).
20.02.12
3.
Epithelial tissue. Simple (one leyer) epithelium.
27.02.12
4.
Stratified epithelium. Principal types of exocrine glands.
05.03.12
5.
Blood. (Composition of plasma, blood cells,
hematopoiesis).
Partial test on: histological technique, cell structure,
epithelial tissue, and blood.
12.03.12
7.
Proper connective tissue.
26.03.12
8.
Bone and cartilage.
26.03.12
9.
Muscle tissue (Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle,
smooth muscle).
02.04.12
10.
Nerve tissue and glial cells
16.04.12
11.
Partial test on tissues: connective, muscle, nerve,
23.04.12
6.
19.03.12
and glial.
12.
I. Seminar – General Embryology (the beginning of
07.05.12
human development, the preembryoninc period,
embryoning period).
13.
II. Seminar – General Embryology (the fetal period,
14.05.12
placenta and fetal membranes, development of
preorgans).
14.
Partial test on General Embryology.
21.05.12
15.
Signing credits into student’s books for the end of 2nd
28.05.12
semester – Theoretical and Practical Histology Courses.
2. DETAILED DRAFT OF CLASSES 20.02.12
Cell structure (Cell components): The cell is composed of two basic components
(parts) – cytoplasm and nucleus.
1. The cytoplasm is composed of a cytosol (matrix), in which the organelles are
embedded, the cytoskeleton, and various deposits (carbohydrates, lipids, and pigments).
The cytoplasm is surrounded with a plasma membrane (plasmalemma) – separating the
cytoplasm from its extracellular environment. The plasmalemma is the external limit (selective
barier) of the cell, there is a continuum between the interior of the cell and the extracellular
environment.
2. Cytosol – structure and functions.
3. Plasma membranes are composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and chains of
oligosaccharides covalently linked to phospholipids and protein molecules.
4. The plasmalemma – structure and functions. The plasmalemma contains proteins called
integrins (integral proteins that are linked to cytoskeletal filaments and extracellular
molecules), and peripheral proteins exhibit a looser association with menbrane surfaces. The
fluid mosaic model for mosaic membrane proteins is dispositioned in the plasmalemma
structure. The 2-layered lipids structure of all plasma membranes – called Unit Membrane.
Plasmalemma receptors.
5. Structure and functions of organelles: Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough and smooth);
Golgi Complex (Golgi Apparatus); Lysosomes: Phagocytic vacuoles, Phagolysosomes,
Heterophagolysosomes, Autophagolisosomes, Residual bodies; Early (peripheral)
endosomes; Late (perinuclear) endosomes – endosomal compartment; Pinocytotic
vesicles; Coated vesicle; Transporting vesicles; Peroxisomes (Microbodies);
Proteasomes; Ribosomes; Polyribosomes; Mitochondria :external and internal
mitochondrial membranes, mitochondrial cristae and matrix, the cristae are covered with
globular units that participate in the formation of ATP, Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA);
Centrosome (Cell center); Centrioles and Microtubule – Organizing Cell Centers;
Secretory granules.
6. The Cytoskeleton: Microtubules; Actin microfilaments (this protein is present in all cells)
and Myosin (this protein is present in muscle cells – Thick myosin filaments); Intermediate
filaments: Keratins; Vimentin; Desmin; Glial filaments; Neurofilaments.
8. The Cell Nucleus: Heterochromatin and Euchromatin; Nuclear matrix; Nucleolus;
Nuclear Envelope – is made of 2 membranes.
9. Cellular transport: Transport across the cell membrane. Passive transport; Facilitated
transport; Active transport; Ionic pomp; Ion channels and membrane potentials. The action
potential (the role of Na+ – K+ channel). Exocytosis; Endocytosis; Pinocytosis (fluid-phase
endocytosis); Transcytosis; Potocytosis; Phagocytosis (heterophagocytosis,
autophagocytosis); Secretion. Cytoskeleton (structure). Cell adhesion and extracellular matrix.
Intercellular signaling (endocrine and paracrine signaling).
3. DETAILED DRAFT OF CLASSES 27.02.10
Epithelial Tissue. Simple (one layer) epithelium
1. Tissues: Concept and Classificatio. 2. The forms and characteristics of epithelial cells.
Stem cells = undifferentiated cells. 3. The function of epithelial tissue: Surface epithelium.
Endothelium. Mesothelium (mesodermal epithelium). Sensory epithelium. Secretory
epithelium. Epithelial-reticular cells of thymus (stellate cells). Epithelization = covering by the
epithelium. Ion-pumping epithelial cells. Supporting cells (sustentacular cells). Shedding
of epithelium (exfoliation; desquamation). Renewal and regeneration of one layer epithlial
tissues. 4. Basal lamina and term Basement membrane. 5. Intercellular junctions.
6. Specializations of the cell surface:Glycocalyx (cell coat), Microvilli; Stereocilia; Cilia and
Flagella. 7 Principal types of epithelia: Covering epithelia and Glandular epithelia.
8.Common types of covering epithelia: Simple epithelium and Stratified epithelium.
9.Simple (one layer) Epithelium: Squamous; Cuboidal and Columnar epithelium.
10. Simple pseudostratified (Ciliated pseudostratified) epithelium (layers of cells with
nuclei at different levels; all cells adhere to basal lamina). Ciliated columnar cells. Basal
(short) cells. Goblet cells. Ciliated cells. Neuroepithelial cells. Neuroendocrine cells.
4. DETAILED DRAFT OF CLASSES 05.03.12
Stratified Epithelium (two or more layers). Principal types of Exocrine Glands.
1. Stratified (multilayer) squamous keratinized epithelium. 2. Stratified squamous
nonkeratinized epithelium. 3. Stratified cuboidal epithelium. 4. Stratified transitional
epithelium. 5. Stratified columnar epithelium.
6. Principal types of exocrine unicellular intraepithelial glands and exocrine multicellular
glands – simple and compound glands: a) simple tubular, b) simple coiled tubular,
c) simple branched tubular, d) simple branched acinar, e) compound tubuloacinar,
f) compound tubular, g) compound acinar.
7. Function of exocrine gland cells: a) serous cells, b) mucous secreting cells, c) cells that
transport ions (The cell uses the energy stored in ATP); d) cells that transport by
pinocytosis.
8. Myoepithelial cells. 9. Renewal and regeneretion of stratified epithelium.
5. DETAILED DRAFT OF CLASSES 12.03.12
I. Blood. (Composition of plasma, blood cells, hematopoiesis).
1. Definition of blood.
2. Composition of blood: a/ cells: Erythrocytes (Red blood cells, RBC); White blood cells
(WBC), b/ plasma, serum, c/ normal percentages of the different types of blood cells.
3. Structure and function of red blood cells (erythrocytes)
4. Granulocytes: a/ characteristic of granulocytes, b/ structure and function of neurotrophils,
c/ structure and function of basophils, d/ structure and function of eosinophils.
5. Agranulocytes: a/ characteristic of agranulocytes, b/ structures and function of
monocytes, c/ types of limphocytes: B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes (Tc lymphocytes = T
cytotoxic cells = killer cells; Th lymphocytes = T helper cells; LGL = Large granular
lymphocytes; LAK = Lymphokine-activated killer).d/ Structures and function of lymphocytes.
6. Trombocytes (Blood plateles) – structures and function.
II. Hematopoiesis
1. Theory of hematopoiesis: a) monophyletic (or unitarian) theory of hematopoiesis, b). polyphyletic
theory of hemopoiesis.
2. Hematopoiesis in early embryonic development: a) “Blood islands” in the wall of the yolk sac of the
embryo, b) Hepatic phase. c) Bone marrow phase.
3. Development of erythrocytes (erythropoiesis): Proerythroblast  Basophilic erythroblast 
Polychromatophilic erythroblast  Normoblast  Reticulocyte Erythrocyte.
4. Kinetics of erythropoiesis. 5. Megakaryocyte development: Megakaryoblast  Promegakaryocyte 
Megakaryocyte  Blood platelets.
6. Development of granulocytes (granulopoiesis)
Myeloblast
Promyelocyte
Eosinophilic myelocyte

Eosinophilic
Neutrophilic myelocyte

Neutrophilic metamyelocyte
Basophilic myelocyte

Basophilic metamyelocyte
metamyelocyte

Eosinophil

Band cell

Neutrophil

Basophil
7. Kinetics of granulopoiesis.
8. Monocyte development: Monoblast  Promonocyte  Monocyte  Macrophage
9. Lymphopoiesis.
10. Bone marrow: a). Red bone marrow. b). Yellow bone marrow.
11. Number and percentage of blood corpuscles (blood count).
6. DETAILED DRAFT OF CLASSES 19.03.12
Partial test on: histological technique, cell structure, epithelial tissue, and blood.
7. DETAILED DRAFT OF CLASSES 26.03.12
Connective tissue.
I. Types of the connective tissue: 1. Immature gelationous tissue; 2. Mature gelationous
tissue = Mucous connective tissue (Wharton gelatinum from the umbilical cord); 3.
Connective tissue proper [Loose (areolar); Dense (regular and irregular)].
4. Connective tissue proper with special properties: a) Reticular connective tissue
(Hematopoietic tissue); b) Adipose tissue (White = yellow adipose tissue; Brown adipose
tissue = Multilocular fat); c) Elastic tissue].
II . Functions of the connective tissue.
III. Extracellular matrix: 1. Ground substance, Tissue fluid. 2. Fibres: Collagen fibres;
Elastic fibres, and Oxytalan fibres; Reticular fibres (Argyrophylic fibres); Elaunin fibres.
IV. Cells of proper connective tissue: Mesenchymal cell; Fibroblast; Fibrocyte;
Myofibroblast; Pericyte (Advential cell, Perivascular cell); Histiocyte (Mononuclear cell),
Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS); Multinuclear giant cell; Plasma cell; Mast cell
(Mastocyte, Labrocyte): a) Mucosal mast cell (MMC), b) Connective tissue mast cell
(CTMC); Melanophore and Melanocyte.
8. DETAILED DRAFT OF CLASSES 26.03.12
Bone and cartilage (Supporting connective tissue).
1. Structure of Cartilage: perichondrium, chondroblastic layer (cambial layer), matrix (ground
substance and fibres), territorial matrix (basophilic peripheral zone), chondron, chondrocyte
(cartilage) lacuna, chondroblasts, chondrocytes, isogenous (isogenic) group, chondroclasts.
Cartilage as an organ. Chondrogenesis.
2. Types of Cartilage: - Hyaline Cartilage; - Elastic Cartilage; - Fibrocartilage
(Intervertebral disks). 3) Localisation and function of the cartilage.
4. Types of Bone: I. Woven bone (primary = immature = primitive = primordial = nonlamellated = fibrous); II.
Lamellar bone (secondary = mature = adult).
Ad II. Lamellar bone: a). Compact bone. b). Cancellous bone (spongy = cancellated).
5. Bone cells and their function ( Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts). 6. Structure of
Bone: Bone matrix. Periosteum and endosteum. Osteon (Haversian system). Intercalated
lamellae system. Bone trabecula. Bone lamella. Osteoid (Demineralized bone matrix). Ossein
fibers. Lamella ossea (Haversian). Intermediate lamellae. Osteoni (Havers) canales.
Nourishing (Volkmann’s) canals. Bone canalicular network. Osteocytic lacunas. Osteocyte
processes. 7. Histogenesis (intramembranous ossification, endochondral ossification). 8.
Bone growth and remodeling. Periosteal (apposition) osteogenesis. 9. Metabolic role of bone
tissue (calcium reservoir). Joints.
9. DETAILED DRAFT OF CLASSES 02.04.12
Muscle tissue. Formation and classification of muscle tissue: I. Striated skeletal muscle
tissue: 1. Structure of the striated muscle fiber: a/ myofibriles, b/ sarcomere, c/ smooth
endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and T – tubule (transverse tubule) – muscle triad. 2. Types of
the striated muscle fibers: a/ fibers type 1 – muscle fiber red, b/ fibers type 2 – muscle fiber
white. 3. Satellite cells.
4. Structure of the skeletal muscle: a/ epimysium, b/ perimysium, c/ endomysium.
II. Striated cardiac muscle tissue: 1. Myocardium = cardiac muscle. 2. Structure of cardiac
working muscle cells (cardiocytes = cardiac cells = cardiac muscle fibers); – dyad; the
intercalated discs represent the junctional complex; gap junctions provide ionic continuity
between adjacent cardiac muscle cells. 3. Structure of the conducting system of the heart.
Atrioventricular node. Atrioventricular bundle of His. Purkinje cells (fibers).
4. Cardiac myoendocrine cells .
atrial natriuretic factors (ANF, BNP, CNP) = atrial
natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP, CNP).
III. Smooth muscle tissue
1. Smooth muscle cells. 2. Structure and localization of the smooth muscle tissue.
10. DETAILED DRAFT OF CLASSES 16.04.12
Nerve tissue and glial cells
1. Structure of nerve tissue. 2.Neurons (nerve cells) classification: a) Golgi type I neurons,
b) Golgi type II neurons; or: a) multipolar neurons, b) bipolar neurons, c) pseudounipolar
neurons, d) unipolar neurons; or a) motor (efferent) neurons, b) sensory (afferent) neurons,
c) interneurons, d) secretory neurons.
3. Most neurons consist of 3 parts: a) the dendrites, which are elongated processes
specialized in receiving stimuli from other neurons, sensory epithelial cells and ennvironment;
b) the neuronal body (perikaryon + nukleus); and c) axon, which is a single long process
specialized in generating or conducting nerve impulses to other cells.
4. Structure of nerve cell: neuroplasm, axon hillock, myelin sheath, telodendron, dendritic
spine, neurofibrils, neurofilaments, microtubules (neurotubules), Nissl substance (granules),
neurosecretory substance (granules), lipofuscin, neuromelanin, neuropil, synapses (chemical,
electrical, mixed; axodendritic, axosomatic, axoaxonic, somatodendritic, somatosomatic,
dendrodendritic synapse), axon terminal, presynaptic part, presynaptic membrane, synaptic
vesicles, synaptic cleft, intersynaptic substance, postsynaptic part (membrane), excitatory
post-synaptic potential = EPSP, inhibitory post-synaptic potential = IPSP, chloride-zinc ion
channel (transport channels for chloride and zinc), voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.
5. Neurotransmitters: acetylcholine = Ach, epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine
(noradrenaline), serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine = 5-HT substance P, somatostatin,
vasoactive intestinal peptide = VIP.
6. Chemically-defined cells in central nervous system (CNS): a/ aminergic cells:
noradrenergic (norepinephric) cells, adrenergic (epinephric) cells, dopaminergic cells,
serotoninergic cells; b/ cholinergic cells; c/ polipeptidergic cells: somatostatinergic
cells, calcitonin gene-related peptidergic (CGRP) cells.
7. Neuroglia – glial cells of central nervous system [glial body, glial filaments (glial
fibrillary acid protein), glial processes]: a/ ependymal cells (lining cavities of central
nervous system) – (planar ep. c., cuboid ep. cells, columnar ep. c., tanycyte); b/
astrocytes – structural support, repair processes, blood-brain barrier, metabolic
exchanges (protoplasmic astrocytes, fibrous astr., fibroprotoplasmic astr.); c/
oligodendrocytes (myelin production, electric insulation), d/ microglia cells
(macrophagic activity).
8. Neuroglia – Glial cells of peripheral nervous system: a/ ganglionic glial cells (smsll
satellite cells), b/ Schwann (neurolemmal) cells (nerve myelin production, electric
insulation);
9. Nerves: cranial nerves, spinal nerves. Nerves are bundles of nerve fibers surrounded
by connective tissue sheaths.
10. Nerve structure. Endoneurium; Perineurium; Epineurium. Nerve fibers. Myelinated
fibers. Unmyelinated fibers. Neurolema. Neurolema cells (Schwann cells). Myelin sheath.
Myelin lamelle. Mesoaxon. Node of Ranvier. Intrnodal segment. Schmidt-Lanterman cleft.
Nerve ending. Free nerve ending.
11. Myelinogenesis (myelinization – myelin production). Oligodendrocytes produce the
myelin in the central nervous system. The same oligodendrocyte forms myelin sheaths
for several nerve fibers. Schwann cell forms myelin around a segment of one axon in the
peripheral nervous system.
11. DRAFT OF CLASSES 23.04.12
Partial test on tissues: connective, muscle, nerve and glial.
12. DETAILED DRAFT OF CLASSES 07.05.12
I. Seminar – General Embryology:
1. The beginning of human development. First week of human development (ovulation to
implantation) = the preembryonic period.
2. The embryonic period (period of organogenesis).
13. DETAILED DRAFT OF CLASSES 14.05.12
II. Seminar – General Embryology: the fetal period, placenta and fetal membranes,
development of preorgans. Partial test on General Embryology.
14. DRAFT OF CLASSES 21.05.12
Partial test on General Embryology
15. DRAFT OF CLASSES 28.05.12
Signing credits into student’s books for the end of 2nd semester – Theoretical and
Practical Histology Courses.
1-year course; 2nd semester (Winter); 2011
930- 1135h.
TOPICS of PRACTICAL CLASSES and SEMINAR
I.Seminar: microscope, histological technique. (see “Detailed draft of classes, (13.02.2012y.).
II. Practical class: Cell structure and various cell types. (20.02.2012y.).
Slide no 2. – Nerve cells (spinal cord gray matter). H+E staining (Hematoxylin and Eosin).
Slide no 4. – Carbohydrate deutoplasm (deuteroplasm) – section of the liver, showing intracellular
deposits of glycogen. The glycogen appears as fine or coarse dark-carmine granules. Best’s Carmine
stain.
Slide no 5. – Lipids deutoplasm – section of the unilocular (yellow or white) adipose tissue. The fat is
stained black with osmic acid in the adipose cells cytplasm. Osmic acid stain.
Slide no 8. –. The Golgi complex occupies a characteristic apolarized position in the cytoplasm by nerve
cells (pseudounipolar neurons). The sensory ganglion (the posterior root ganglion of spinal nerve)– nerve
cells impregnated with silver nitrate. Silver stain.
III. Practical class: Epithelial tissue. Simple (one leyer) epithelium. (27.02.2012y).
Slide no 12. Simple (one layer) cuboidal epithelium from kidney collecting tubules. Azan stain.
Slide no 13. Simple columnar epithelium that covers the internal surface of a small intestinum.
H+E stain.
Slide no 14. Pseudostratified (pseudo two-leyer) columnar epithelium that covers the internal
surface of the ductus epidimidis. This epithelium is composed of rounded basal and long
columnar calls.The epithelium surface is covered by long, branched microvilli called stereocilia.
H+E stain.
Slide no 15. Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium (respiratory tracts epithelium) in the
trachea. H+E stain.
IV. Practical class: Stratified epithelium. Principal types of exocrine glands. (05.03.2012y).
Slide no 89. Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the esophagus.
Slide no 101. Stratified transitional epithelium in the urinary bladder. Azan stain.
Slide no 116. Epidermis. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. A demonstrational histological
specimen of thick skin. H+E stain. –prep.demonstr.
Slide no 20. Unicellular, intraepithelial exocrine glands. Goblet cells of the intestines. These cells are
secreting mucous to the extracellular space. Azan stain. –prep.demonstr.
V. Practical class: Blood cells. (12.03.2012y).
Slide no 21. Frog’s blood. A demonstratonal histological specimen. Pappenhaim’s method stain.
Slide no 22. Human blood. Pappenhaim’s method stain.
Slide no 23. Reticulocytes – young erythrocytes may have a few cytoplasmic granules and netlike
structure; demonstrational histological specimen. Cresol blue stain.
Review of histological specimens from II, III, IV and V classes. – przegląd preparatów
VI. Partial test on: histological technique, cell structure, epithelial tissue, and blood. (19.03.2012y).
VII. Practical class: Proper connective tissue. (26.03.2012y).
Slide no 27. Reticular connective tissue. Reticular fibers in the medulla and cortecs of a lymph node (or
in the white pulpa of spleen). The reticular fibers are seen as a network of dark, thin, wavy fibers. Silver
stain.
Slide no 28. Loose connective tissue – elastic fibers. Total preparation (this is a whole mount specimen of
rat mesentery; the mesentery is lying on the slide) showing blue fuchsin-stained (or eosin-stained)
nonanastomosing bundles of collagen fibers; while the elastic fibers appear as thin, brown-black,
branching (dark anastomosing) resorcin-stained filaments. Collagen bundles of various thicknesses are
observed. Fuchsin (or eosin) + resorcin stain.
Slide no 6 and 33. Lipids “lixiviated” deutoplasm – section of the unilocular (yellow or white) adipose
tissue. Fat has been dissolved out of the section during the preparation of the slide, shoving large, empty
spaces in the adipose cell cytplasm. H+E stain.
Slide no 34. Longitudinal section of dense regular connective tissue from a collagen tendon. Thick
bundles of parallel collagen fibers fill the intercellular spaces between fibroblasts. H+E stain.
Slide no 35. Longitudinal section of dense regular elastic tissue from a elastic tendon (a demonstrational
histological specimen of ligamentum nuchae).Van Gieson’s method stain.
VIII. Practical class: Structure of bone and cartilage. (26.03.2012y).
Slide no 36. Hyaline cartilage. Section of trachea. Chondrocytes are located in matrix lacunae.The
cartilage interstitial growth is reflected by the chondrocyte pairs and clusters that are responsible for the
formation of isogenous groups. The intense hematoxylin-staining of the matrix around each chondrocytes
is visible. H+E stain. The more darkly stained area is a zone of the cartilage matrix that is rich in
glycosoaminoglycans. H+E stain.
Slide no 37. Elastic cartilage from the auricle of the ear. Elastic fibers is orcein in brown, or resorcin in
red stained. Orcein or resorcin stain.
Slide no 38. Cancellous (spongy) bone. Areas with numerous trabecule of bone and interconnecting
cavities – corresponding to cancellous bone (it is internal structure of bones). The outher portion of the
bone has a solid structure and represents compact (dense) bone. Demonstrational nondecalcified oseous
speciment.
Slide no 39. Structure of compact bone, both transverse and longitudinal sections (two fragments of
compact bone). The Haversian systems are visible, as are the osteocytes in their lacunae. Decalcified
compact bone – demonstrational slide.
IX. Practical class: Structure of muscle tissue. (02.04.2012y).
Slide no 43 or 94. Smooth muscle – transverse (cross) section and longitudinal section. H+E stain.
Slide no 44. Skeletal muscle – cross section and longitudinal section of transversal striated skeletal
muscle (tounge), showing many muscle fibers with peripherally located nuclei. Silver stain.
Slide no 45. Longitudinal and transverse section of cardiac muscle, showing numerous muscle fibers with
centrally placed nuclei. H+E stain.
X. Practical class: Nerve tissue. Neurons (Nerve cells). Peripheral nervous systems. (16.04.2012y).
Slide no 123. Nerve cells (very large cells – motor neurons) in the gray matter of the spinal cords –
tigroid (basophilic granular are visible – called as Nissl bodies). Toluidine blue stain.
Slide no 47. Nerve cells (pseudounipolar neurons). Dorsal root ganglon (the sensory ganglion) of spinal
nerve. The large nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers are visible. Nerve fibers passing to the center of the
ganglion, the ganglion cells being located peripherally, each cell body is seen to be surrounded by a layer
of flattend satellite cells. Satellite cells are represented by the very small nuclei at the periphery of the
neuronal cell bodies. H+E stain. –prep.demonstr.
Slide no 119. Pyramidal nerve cells of the cerebral cortex. In the cortex the cytoplasm of the nerve cell is
not good distinguishable.
Slide no 52. Isolated nerve fiber (peripheral nerve) – impregnated with OsO4 . (osmic acid stain).prep.demonstr.
Review of histological specimens from VII, VIII, IX and X classes. – przegląd preparatów
XI. Partial test on tissues: connective, muscle, nerve, and glial (23.04.2012y)
XII. Seminar I. (07.05.2012y). – General Embriology (the beginning of human development, the
preembryoninc period, embryoning period).
XIII. Seminar II. (14.05.2012y). – General Embryology (the fetal period, placenta and fetal membranes,
development of preorgans).
XIV. Partial test on General Embryology. (21.05.2012y).
XV. Signing credits into student’s books for the end of 2nd semesters – Theoretical and Practical
Histology Courses. (28.05.12y).
ENGLISH DIVISION
FACULTY OF MEDICINE
Department of Histology and Embryology
1-year course; 2nd semester 2012
Lectures are delivered in the “ Lecture and class hall”,, in the Histology
and Embryology Department (Collegium PathologicumE) on the ground
floor. Monday 815-920h.
Classes and Seminar are delivered in the “ Lecture and class hall”,, in
the Histology and Embryology Department (Collegium Pathologicum) on
the ground floor. Monday 930-1135h.