Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
US Quizlet History ATQ Terms: Foundqtions- Bockground lo Americon Ïlistory Study onlne al qr¡izlet, com/ ndshq ';' JohnPctcr ltcligion, Spccch, l'l'ess. l-st Frreclour ol a¡re¡rclmc¡rt Assemtlll', a¡re{ l,ctition ::. 2nc[ anrendmcnt l{ightto lreal arnrs :: $r<[ Änrcnclmcnt that prnl:ilris thc rcquircci amendmcnt +th ¿mendnrent sth amendment :1,¡. of tro eçrs. :ri. F1'ccdorn frorn unn:asonable scalchcs ; 'lru¡nbull Sr and ni¡la I t'rncccclings¡ l)irc llrtces s; ::::. CrinúnaÌ l\rrcecclings; Must iufc¡rru amenctmcnt dctc¡rclantof eharge/s; ttight to Attorncl,'; lüglit to fhir in4rarti al jury 7tb Itightto a triai bv juryin cir,il 8th amcndmcnt :¡ ¡llexis dc 'l'ocqucsille ldc* thatgovc¡'nment should takc off' approach Sorcrcignt¡' lSenjanrin llush r8-rgth ccnturyAnrcr'icân ¡rh¡sician/pslehiatr{sL Signcr of ,i Carroll Checlcçand Ä slstcm that alio*'s each branch of Ilalanccç Soverrìment to limit the Ìxr\{¡ct's of thc od:cr blancl¡es in olclcr to prcrrurt abu.sc ofporvel Itmincnt Ðomain r ar:cl dte press. Only Catholic to sigrr Declaration of lndqrcudcncc ,; Irgalitarianism r:i. leligion, F'c¡leralism -; Individualism .{ lnlicf i¡r tlic equaliçof ali pcrryle â.liort's the gorcnlurc¡1t to takc prnpcr\' f'or ¡:ublic usc but also rcqnircs thc gor{ to proviclc þst conrl:cn.sation tor tl:at ¡nopcrt5' A s¡stcmin which powcris ctivictecl lrtu'ec¡r the national anel state gorrcrnments A lxlicf in tl, c in:lnrtance of thc inditiclual anclthc virtuc of self'.r'cliancc ancl pcrsonal indcpcuclcncc ,¿ Joh¡rHancock 1'a&'iot lcadcr ancl prcsidcnt oftl:c Second Co¡:tinc¡rt¿l Congress; Ërstpcrson to sign thc Dcclaration of lnde¡rcndencc. pcoplc. s ::l' Scparatíon Constitntioual division of ¡rorvers amongthc I egisl atire, cxceutire, a nd jucli cial branchcs, rr'ith thc lcgislatÍr,c branch maliing larr., tJrc erecnti\.c ap¡dying and cnfbrcing the lau., ancl the juclieiar-r' intcrlrcting thc larr' ofPorgc¡s :r" Llnalicuablc Itights tsasic rights that cannot trc taken arta¡' fiç¡1¡ tbe peo¡rlc .sueh as "li fc, li trcrq', auci prulsui t of happiucss" (or:iginall1.: lifc, lihrcrç ancl plopc¡ty). thcse rights alc sÞrted in drc Dcrl arnti cn of hrc{e¡:cndcncc 'l'he firs t tcu anrcndmcnts of thc U . S. Co¡rstitutio¡r. containing a list of i¡rclivic{ual rights ancllibcrtieso such as ticcde¡¡t of spcceho -:r Charlcs A lælief that ultinratc porr'cr u:sidcs iu thc A po [iti cal ¡rhil os o¡rh¡' su¡:1:orting thc righ ancl porrrr of the tr*ople in thcil str.ugglc against thc pririlcged clite. Dcclara tion of lnclc¡rcnclence. -,. BiIIof ltighls a "ha¡rds to thc ccouc¡nv aud 1:lat'as sn¡¿ll a rolc as ¡rossiblc in cco¡romic atÊrirs r.; Populism r8s9) :; clothing, aud Laisscz- Aurend¡ncnt that pmlìihits cxecssire bail àruouuts and cmci and uuusual Ïr'ench ¡xilitical lçritcl notccl fbr his ar¡allsis of A¡ucrica¡r institritions (r8o5- feicx{, Þ'airc :, Popul;ar casc"- lrnnishmcnt. Gorc¡nor c¡f Conncticu[ 'frtunhulÌ u'as thc oni¡'govcurorto support the position ofthc colo¡rics. Hc iradlong bccn a .sn1:portcr.of coÌo¡rial rights ancl clurlng the rtar sulrli.liecl (icneral Washingtou rr'ith nlluritÍons. l¡lrincnt l)omain; Donhie .leoparcl¡'; amcn<lmcnt t Jnnathan seizures C)'i Arnerican llcr.olutiona i1' Ieae{cr and cdricator rr'ho rvas a signer of tl:c Declaiation of Inc{c¡xndcircc llntection finnr Sclf i ncliruinatio¡r :r 6th Johrt \l'ithcrspoon q &:r rtc ri n.q Colonial printerrçhcise casc hclpecl lngir tì'eet{om of drc ¡:r'css :r Unitcd Statcs Constitution 1287. Cotrtincntal Congress rr:ade a constin¡rio¡r aftcr Alticlcs of Confbderatior¡ failecl; lt irrcludccl a ccnt'al golicl'nlncnt dir.icled into threc hranehes: Lxccutivel presielcnt, Lcgislatirrc: Congrcss {Scuatc + House of ltc¡rrcscntatives ), .l uclicial: Snprcnrc Corut.'l'hc go!'ernrtrelìt is conünllcd hl,checks and bala¡rccs. 'l'he tsill of ldghts $.ctc tc¡ì ar:rc¡rdrncnts to thc nely eo¡rstihrtio¡r that gua lantccd rig hts of fi'ceclonr to citizcns ; rna cle a national gov'tthat co¡rtnllcd taxes, aung tracle, ancl crutrncy. US Hisfor-y ATQ Ïenns: Foundotions- Bockground to Amerie<firìr$ll#ory rst amendment: r. Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, :s. and Petition 3rd amendment: -t z+. 4tìr amendment: Amendment that prohibits the required :s. Freedom from unreasonable searches and 5th amendmcnt: Criminal Proceedings; Due Process; Eminent Domain; Double Jeopardy; Protection from Self incrimination ;. 7tll amendment: Rightto a trial byjuryin civil cases 8th amendment: Amendment that prohibits a. exces sive e Alexis de Tocqueville: French political writer noted for his analysis of American institutions (r 8oS-rBSq) ':c. Bcnjamin Rush: rB-rgth centuryAmerican physician/psychiatrist. Signer of Declaration of Independence. r. Bill of Rights: Thefirstten amendments of the U.S. Constitution, containing a ìist of individual rights and liberties, such as freedom ofspeech, religion, and t}le press. ,2. Charles Carroll: Only Catholic to sign Declaration of Independence '::r. Checks and Balances: A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of tle other branches in order to prevent abuse ofpower :r. Egalitarianism: A belief in the equality of all people Eminent Domain; Allows the :s. govemment to take properlyfor public use but also requires the govt to providejust compensation for that property io. Fecteralism: A system in which power is divided between t}re natio¡ral and state govemments r;, Individualism: A belief in tìre importance of the individual and ùe virhre ofself-reliance and personal independence re. John I{ancock: Patriot leader and president of the Second Continental Congress; first person to sign the Declaration of Independence. :g. John Peter: Colonial printer whose case helped begin freedom oftÌre press io. John Witherspoon: American Revolutionaryleader and educator who was a signer of the Declaration of Independence .lr. Jo¡ratha¡r Trumbull Sr.: Governor of Conneticut; Trumbull was the only goveuìor to support the position of the colonies. He had long been a supporter ofcolonial úghts and during the war suppiied General Washington with food, clothing, and munitions. z¿, Laissez-F'aire: Idea that government shouldtake a "hands off' approach to the economy and play as small a role as possible economic affairc in Scparation of Powers: C.onstitutional division ofpowers Unalienable Rights: Basic rights that cannot be taken away "life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness " (originally life, liberty, and property). These rights are stated in the Declaration of Independence fr om th e people such as ::;. bail amounts and cruel andunusual punishment. : ¿0. 6th amendment: Criminal Proceedings; Mustinform defendant of ch arge/s ; Ri ght to Attorn ey; Right to fair impartial jury e. A poìitical philosophy supporting the rights and among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislativebranch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law seizu¡es s. Populism: power of the people in their struggle against the privileged elite. quartering ofhoops. a. A belief that ultimate power resides in the people. znd amendment: Right to bear arms z. Popular Sovereign\r: United Statcs Constitution: 1787, Continental C-ongress made a constitution after ArticÌes of Confederation failed; It included a cenhal government divicled into threebranches: Executive: president, Legislative: Congress (Senate + House of Representatives), Judicial: Supreme Court. The government is controlled by checks and balances. The Bill of Rights were ten amendmenls to t}le new constitution that guaranteed rights of freedom to citizens; made a national goVtthat conholledtaxes, arm¡ trade, and currency. The Gilded Age/US Exponsion Westwqrd Study online at quizlet . com / _nzovj i. American Federation of Labor: 1886; foundedbySamuel ::c. Gompers; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborerc, alose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labo¡ rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent. American Indian Citizenship Act: z. Americanization: r,. American s oci ety r. would make them more loyal citizens By 19o1, his company dominated the American steel industry. z¡. :¿. Chincse Exclusion Act: (1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to entert}le counfywhile allowing students and Dawes Act: rBB7, dismantledAmerican Indian bibes, setup individuals as familyheads with 16o acres, tried to make mgged individuaìists out of the Indians, attempt to assimilate the Native Americans into "American" lifestyle tc;. zs. running zo. a person who accepts the risk of starting and Frontier: A zonewhere no state exercises complete control. Itis PoliticalMachine: A powerúrl political organization that Pull Factors: Things that cause people to want to move to a Push Factors: Things that cause people to wantto leave a place Samuel Gomp ers : H e was th e creator of the Ameri can skilled workers. zs. Strike: gc. Tenement: A building in which Refi¡sal by employees to work, often used to try and obtain worker rights or privileges several families rent rooms or westward migration. to a country ofwhich you are not a native in order to settle there) rz. fndian Wars: lBSo to 1B9o; series r¡. John D. Rockefeller: of conflicts between the US Army/settlers and different Native American tribes Entrepreneur that made a monopoly in oil indusfywith his company, Standard Oil ie. Klondike Gold Rush: set offmass migration of people moving west in rB97 after gold was discovered near Canada rr. Union: A worker association thatbargains with employers over wages, benefits, and working conditions Urbanization: Movementtowards cities (esp. in the United States during America Completed in 1869 at California's rail road system, revolutionizing transportation in the west. Many believed this fulfi lled America's "Manifest Destiny'': occupying land from east to west (Atlantic to Pacific) in factories) Great Plains: A mostly flat and grassy region of western North Immigration: Migration into a place (especially migration Transcontinental Railroad: Promontory Utah, it ìinked the eastern railroad system with ¡(i. ¡. Ilomestead Act: 186z - Provided free land in tle West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged ro. political machines that bribed Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unifieil union for sr. either uninhabited or sparsely inhabited. ManyAmericans startedventuring into the western frontier during westward expansion in the r8/oos r Leaders of apar[nents, often with litt]e sanitation or safety interference (laissez-faire) ¿. Political Bosses: Americans ze. similarities, especially in big cities ¡r. Free Enterprise System: (also capitalist economy/free market economy) An economic system in which people are free to operate their businesses as they see ñ! with little government r New fmmigrants: Immigrants who came to the United States during and after the r88os; most were from southern and eastern z;. Reservations: Areas offederal land set aside for Native a business. ir. Ethnic Ghettos: immigrants livedhere dueto cultural ts. nd feared th at place (Employment opportunities, greater freedom, better schools, etc.) Study of human populations Entrepreneurs: a (persecution, war, unrest, badschools, etc.) r. Corporation: A business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts Demography: mmigration contolled a town through comrpt measures. Leaders are called political "bosses" (ex: Boss Tweed) merchants to immigrate. s. i citizens in order to receive votes CITIES a. s wh o oppos ed Europe. ¡. Bessemer Process: A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaplybyblasting hot airthrough melted iron to quicklyremove impurities. LED TO SKYSCR¡,PERSAND THEGROWTH OF c. Nativists : American immigrants would change the American way of life into A¡rdrew Carnegie: A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. +. z rz. Belief that assimilating immigrants rst effort to create National union. Open to everyon e but I awyers an d bankers. Va gue program, no cl ear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed Gave Indians citizenship and right to vote in r9z4 Knights of Labor: industrialization. People moved to fincl jobs/work The Progressive Ero Study online at q¡/izlet. com/_ozgtp i. rTth Amendment: ..., Direct Election of Senators, Passedin r9r3, this amendrnent to the Constitution calls for tìre direct election of senators by the voters instead of theit' election by state legislatures. r¡. rs. r9t3 law thatsdrryas'rt€mof federal r r;. H e did not think that African Americans should only be taught hades since that would limit them to to inferior jobs. He believed that African Americans supply ii. JaneAddams: 186o-1935. Founder of Settlement House Movement. FirstAmerican Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's Intenational League for Peace and Freedom., the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes e. Muckrakers: z. NationalParkService: a, Progressive Movement: Early rgoos centu¡y reform movement, ..., Foundedin 1916,its purposewas to establish an apparatus to handle sites too large for private protection such as Jamestown &Yorktown, and is todaythe sponsoring agency for most federal preservation programs, created in 1916; made to help supervise the parks and monuments seeking to return control of the government to the people, to restore economic opporhmities, and to correct injustices in American life. Progressive reformers shared the following goals: r. Protecting social welfare a. Promoting moral improvement 3. Creating Economic reform Roosevelt Corollary: Roosevelt's r9o4 extension of the Monroe Doctrine (said different hemispheres would not interfere with each other), stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America byusing militaryforce i o. Social Gosp el movement: A rgth century reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to help -u improve working conditions and alleviate poverty Square Deal: President Theodore Roosevelt's plan for reform; t}le idea that all Americans âre entitled to an equal opportunityto succeed; favored fair relationships between companies and workers. : ¡. Susan B. Anthony: An earlyleader of the women's suffrage (right to vote) movement, co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Cady Stanton in rB69. r s. should fight against segregation. i'¿. William H. Taft: r9o8, Republican, Dollar diplomacy, Payne- Adrich Bill, Triangle Fire, Gifford Pinchot, Bull Moose Pafy. is. William Jennings Bryan: Nominatedbythe democratic party for the election ofr896, United States lawyer and politician who advocated f¡ee silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school A group of investigative reporters during the progressive erawho pointed out the abuses ofbig business and the cormption of urban politics (ex: Upton Sinclair-The Jungle) i r. W.E.B. Du Bois : A sociology professor who shongly disagreed with Booker T. Washington. banks and gave government the power to control the money ¡. Interstate CommerceAct: 1887, a law that made a federal Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate unfair railroad practices Upton Sinclair: muckrakerwho shockedthe nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections. a electoral contenders other than the two major paties. Ameúcan third parties are not unusual, but they rarely win eìections. z. rgtJe Amendment: Amendmentto the U.S. Constitution (r9zo) :. Federal ReserveAct: Third Parties: Theodore Roosevelt: President r9o r-tgog; Republican/Progressive Power. Increased size of Added Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy. Focused on trade in the Caribbeanþuilding of the Panama Canal Famous for "cross ofgold" speech ig. WoodrowWilson: President r9r3-1921Democra! president during WWI (first had preposed peace/neuhality and used the slogan "He kept us out of the war" to be reelected, but he entered the US in the war because of Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman telegram), his war aims were known as tìe Fourteen Points Americq Builds An Empire: lmperiolism/Expqnsionism Study online at quizlet. com/_o2lj o : Policy by Wood¡ow Wilson of rejecting ¡. "WatchfuI'Waiting" :r Alfred Thayer Mahan: aìliances with leaders who took conû'ol through force in Mexico r;. Sanford B. Dole: Took Hawaii over from Queen Liliuokaìani until Hawaii was annexed into the United States. .la. Navy officer whose ideas on naval c Big Stick Policy: A policy enacted by President Teddy Roosevelt that encouraged being peacefirl in makingtesolutions but using force if necessary. Boxer Rebellion: (r9oo-r9og) ¿. secret society called Boxers r g. eoo foreign ministers and thousands of Chinese Christians. Thought foreign missionaries were undermining Chinese ;. Foreign Policy: A nation's overall plan for deaìing with other nations. Imperialism: ii. A policy in which a shong nation seeks to dominate other counties politically, socialìy, and economically especialÌy through colonization g. John Hay: ..., Secretary of State under McKinley and Roosevelt who pioneered the open-door policy and Panama canal rc. Joseph Pulitzer: A muckraker who designed the modern newspaper format (factual articles in one section, editorial ancl opinion articles in another section). r i. Muclcaker: Journalists who attempted to find comrption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public during the Progressive Era r::. Open Door Policy: 1899 U.S. tu¡ns into an imperial power after the Spanish-American War ends in 1898. USA gets the largest bade relationship with China and made a policy which let all counEies do business with China freely. '¡s. Panama Canal: The US built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic. It increased the hading power of the US as we were becoming a world power. Built under Teddy Roosevelt s presidency. r¿. PanchoVilla: A Mexican peasantrebel leaderwho soughtto overthrow the Mexican government and stop another man from taking it over firs! gathering an army in Northern Mexico. In anger at President Wilson's support of the other man, Villa eventually terrorized Americans in Mexico and bur¡ ed Columbus, New Mexico. r ¡. Platt Amendment: Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble ro. Queen Liliuokalani: - Queen of Hawaii who was overthrown by American interests during the expansionist/imperiaìist period - 1 90 9. z6th president, journalism to boost success, competed with Puliuer Dollar Diplomacy: \ PresidentTaft's poìicyof buiìding strong Islands) 1 U.S.S. Maine: Ship that explodes offthe coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the SpanishAmerican War :r. William Randolph : A highly successfirì pubìisher of s everal papers who usedyellow economic ties to Latin America. (Nicaragua, Haiti, Virgin 9o zo. American war e. r Japanese War society. named De Lome, that said President McKinleywas weak. This letter was found and published in newspapers and angered many Americans against the Spanish. Partially Ied to the Spanish- Theodore Roos evelt: President known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepbum Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation ofpeace in Russo- killed *. De Lome Letter: A letter, wútten by a Spanish ambassador Spanish-American War: (rB98) warfoughtbetween Spain and the United States that began after tlre sinking of the battleship USS Maine; the US supported Cuban independence; the United States won tìe war in four months, gaining control of Puerto Rico, Guam, andthe Philippines warfare and the importance of sea-power changed how America viewed its nar5, ze. Yellow Journalism: One of tìe causes of the Spanish- American War (1898) - this was when newspaper publishers like Pulitzer sensationalized news events (like the sinking of the Maine) to anger,A.merican public towards Spain. World Wor Study online at ¡ Alvin York: Medal I . com/_osv3v of honor recipient and one of tlre most I decorated soldiers fi'om Wolld War American Expeditionary Force: :; quizlet About z million Americans went to France as members of this under General John J. Pershing. Included the regular army, the National Guard, and t}le new larger force ofvoìunteers and d¡aftees Battle ofArgonne Forest: Last major battle of the WWI. Americans have too,ooo casualties butwin thebattle + Fourteen Points: A series of proposals in which U.S. president ¡;. :':. Woodrow Wilson : President frorn 1913-1 921. Democrat. Known for: WWI leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antiûust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, " : 14 points "post-war plan, League of Nations (but failedto win U.S. ratification) ;r. World. War I: (r9t4 - rgr8) European war in which an alliance including Great Britain, France, Russia, Itaì¡ and the United States defeatedthe alliance of Germany, AwFia-Hungary, Turkey, andBulgaria. Woodrow Wiìson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace afterWorldWarI. s. Freedom of the Seas¡ Principle that neutral nations z¡. have the right to uade without interference even during wartime. e . Henry Cabot Lodge: Did not want the United States to join the League ofNations : Isolationism: A policy of nonparticipation in intemational economic and politicaì relations s John J. Pershing: A General tìat commanded the first U.S. üoops as part of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) s League of Nations: an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation andpeace among nations 'ro. Lusitania: American boatthatwas sunkbythe German U- boats; made America consider entering WWI ir. Reparations: Hearyfines the Germans had to pay afterWWI Schenck vs. US: argueil that freedom of speech could be revoked r *. : ¡. Selectíve Service when such speech posed a danger to the nation. Act: Law passed by Congress in r9r7 that required all men from ages 21 to go to register for the military d¡aft : ¿. Submarine Warfare: Used during World War I mainly between German U-Boats andAtlantic supplyconvoys for Great Britain rs. Sussex Pledge 1916 Germans promised not to have any more surprise attacks on any ships :c. Trench Warfare: A form of warfare in which opposing armies ñght each other fiom trenches dug in the battlefield (esp. during wwÐ ; i. II-boats: ra. German submarines used during WWI Versailles Treat¡r: r9r9 treaty that ended World War I, Germany had to take full blame for the war and pay reparations 'l4y'hat rs. are t]re 4 main causes ofWorld War I?: r. Militarism z. Alliances 3. Nationalism 4. Imperialism rc;. Whatpolicy did Wilson tryto maintain for WWI?: Neutrality ¡r. When was World War I fougþt?: r9r4-r9r8 zr. Who was Wilson president during World War I?: Woodrow Zimmerman Telegram: hyto A coded message sent by Germanyto get Mexico to attack the US during started to favor war. WWI. More Americans The "Rooring Twenties" Qpizlet Study online at : "Return to Normalcy'' : After quÞlet,com/ o48h5 World War I r9r9-zos, when re. Harding was President, the US and Blitain retumed to isolatjonism. The US economy'boomed" but Europe continued to shuggle. It was the calm before the bigger storm hit: Worìd War il that people must be self-reliant and not depend upon theGderal govemment for assistance. distribution of alcoholic beverages. 4. 21st Amendment: Amendment which ended the Prohibition of u. Calvin Coolidge alcohol in the US, repealing the rSth amendment Flapper: zr+. a ro, Young women of the rgzos tìatbehavedandd¡esseclin radical fashion Frances Willard: Became leader of the WCTU. She worked to educate people about the evils of alcohol. She urged laws banning the sale ofliquor. Also worked to outlaw saloons as step towards strengthening democracy. r. Great Migration: Movement of over 3oo, ooo African American from the nual south into Northern cities between r9r4 and rgeo Ilarlem Renaissance: A period in the rgzos when African- American achievements in art and music and literature flourished r r. Henry Ford: 1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assemblylines, and inventor credited with 16r patents. r¿. Herbert Hoover: 31st President of the United States, Republican candidate who assumed the presidency in March r9z9 promising the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by tq¡'rng to restore public faith in the community. 'i s. Immigration Acts: Set of laws starting in rgzr that set quotas for the number of immigrants let in. re. Langston Hugþes: A leading poet of the Harlem Renaissance. He wrote "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" and "My People" i:. Marcus Garvey: Añ'ican American leader durin the rgzos who founded th e Univers al Negro Improvement Ass ociation and advocated mass migration of Afi'ican Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in t927. RoaringTWenties: Nickname forthe rgzo's because of tlre booming economy and fast pace of ìife during that era :r. Scopes "Monkey Trial": t925, the trial that pitted the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution against teaching Bible creationism Charles Lindbergh: United States aviator who in r9z7 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (tgoz-t974) n. Eugenics : Study of factors th at infl uen ce th e hereditary qualities of the human race and ways to improve these qualities iz. :0. za. ;. Clarence Darrow: A famed criminal defense lawyer for Scopes, who supported evolution. He cawedWilliamJennings Bryan to appearfoolish when Darrow questioned Bryan aboutthe Bible. 'r Communism. Became president when Harcling died. Tried to clean up scandals. Business prospered and people's wealth increased r:. alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by the r8th Amendment rg. Red Scare: A period during the ColdWar where the American H oover's bet ief ¡. rStJr Amendment: Prohibited the manufachrre, sale, and . The period from rgzo to 1933 when the sale of public was terrified of Communists and the spread of i. " Rugged Individualis m" : H erbe¡t e Prohibition: Teapot Dome Scandal: A government scandal involving a former United States Nary oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in rgzt Tin Pan Alley: is the name given to the collection of New York City-centered music publishers and songwriters who dominated tle popular music of the United States in the late rSoo's and early rgoo's. r¡. \{arren Harding: zgth president of the US; Republican; "Return to Normalcy" (life as it had been before WWl-peace, isolation) ; presidency was marred by scandal The Greot Depression qnd Study online al quiz,let . com / rrNew Deal": Relief, Recovery Reform 3 Aspects of FDRrs ; l. zznd Arnendment: Amendment that created a z term r¿. California to look for a better life. Agricultural Adj ustmcnt Acts : Gave farmers money to reduce r g. Banking Crisis: When individuals and companies lose confidence in the banking system and withd¡aw their deposits in what is called a 'run on banks.' maximum weeklyhours. æ. Happened during the Great Depression tle unempìoyed people to do restoration projects throughout the county, employed over 3 million people. Court Packing Plan: President FDR s failed o. zr. z¿. Great Plains zs. birth control and better conditions for (Ex: CCC) z¿. Fed.eral Reserve: 1913 - central banking system of the US created by the Federal Reserve Act - quasi public system Fiat Money: silver or gold) ¡2. Fireside Chats: informal talks is. Franklin D. Roosevelt: 3znd President given by FDR over the radio.; sat by White House fireplace; gained the confidence of the people of the United States; elected four times; instituted New Deal to counter tlre Great Depression and led country during WorldWar II (r882-tg+S) ¡. Gold Standard: A dollar cor¡ld l¡e redeemed only for gold in the U.S. Treasury. It reduced the amount of money in circulation and hurt farmers. The US went offthe gold standard in the r93os Great Depression: the economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and otler counbies, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, t929, and continuing through most of tle r93os. Franklin Roosevelttried to solve the crisis with his "New Deal" plan, but World War II is whathelpedto relieve some of the economic issues e. Herbert Hoover: Republican President r 929-1 933. blamed for Great Depression because he didn't respond effectively. Thought rs. r that capitalism would solve the problems of the depression. rr. Iloovervilles : Depression sh a nt5ttowns, n arned aft er the president whom many blamed for their financial distress local meat company got in trouble for breaking codes but argued that Schechter Poultryvs. U.S.: this is a case in which a the codes were not applicable to their small, kosher company. They won an d from this the Nati on al Industri al Recovery Act is declared un constitutional Money that has value because the government has ordered that it is an acceptable means to pay debts (is not tied to r Relief New Deal: Immediate action taken to halt the economies a worhngwomen r. Permanent programs to avoid another depression and deterioration. Eleanor Roosevelt: FDR's Wife and New Deal supporter. Was great supporter ofcivil rights and opposed the Jim Crow laws. She also worked for r Reform: (ex: FDIC) verydry. ro. Great Depression. Recovery: New Deal programs designedto speed economic insure citizens against economic disasters. her porbaits of rural workers during the Depression (18gS-rg6S) g. Franklin Roosevelt (Ex: AAA/'WPA) i. Dorotfrea Lange: United States photographer remembered for Dust Bowl: A drought in the r93os that tumed the of reforms enactedbythe recovery 1937 attempt to increase the number of US Supreme Court Jwtices from 9 to rS in order to save his znd New DeaI programs from constitutional challenges s. NewDeaI: A series administration between :.933 and r94z with the goal of ending Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC): Hiredyoung, s. National RecoveryAdministration: zznd Amendment, Government agency that was part of the New Deal and dealt with the indrshial sector t¡f the economy. It allowed industries to create fair competition which were intended to reduce destuctive competition and to help workers by setting minimum wages and crop size to reduce production and bring up the value of crops ,:. John Steinbeck: American novelistwho wrote "The Grapes of Wrath". (1939) A story of Dustbowl victims who travel to limit on presidents. .1. lhe New Deol _o7 qut ar. 'Works Progress Administration: New Deal agencythat helped create jobs for those that needed them. It created around 9 million jobs working on bridges, roads, andbuildings. World W.or ll Sludy online at ¡ Adolf Hitler: quizlet . com / _ogtLs German Nazi dictator during WorldWar II (rBB9- ¡;. :: Appeasement: The original policy that Great Britain/France/otler countries adopted towards Hitler and the Nazis. Theybelieved if they "appeased" Hitler (allowed him to take some of the territory that he wanted), they may be able to re Office of War rg. Battle of Midway: r94z WorldWar II battlebetween the United States and Japan, tumed the war in favor of the US President of the US from 1953-196r. During his presidency, the United States entered into a period ofconformity/ housing boom/baby boom (after WWII) z. Executive Order 9o66: a. FþingTigers: tstAmerican Volunteer Group (AVG) of the Put Japanese-Americans in internment camps after the attack on Pearl Harbor Chinese Air Force; trainecl in Burma before the American entry witl the intention of defending China against into World War II Japanese forces :-. George Marshall: General that helped to ìead the Allies to victory during WWII ';0. George Patton: Allied Commander during WWII. Was insbr¡mental in winning the Battle of the Bulge. ': r. IIarry Truman: to victory in President 1945-1959; Democrat. Led the U.S. WWII making the decision to use atomic weapons for the first time. Shaped U.S. foreign policy regarding the Soviet Union after the war. ' r;:. Hiroshima/ Nagasaki: these are tlte pìaces where the atomic bombs were dropped under the direction of President Truman during WorldWarII :s llolocaust: The attempted extermination of the Jewish people and other minorities carried out by the Nazis dwing World War II r +. Korematsu vs. U.S.: In t944, the Supreme Court upheld the government's policy of detaining Japanese Americans in internment camps, even when there was no specific evidence that tleyposed a danger to American security. The Court justified the policy as a military necessity in wartime. ø. Navajo Code Talkers: Native Americans from the Navajo tribe used their own language to make a code for the U.S. militarythat the Japanese could not decipher ; . e. eo. in the Pacific l. Douglas MacArthur: American general, who commanded allied hoops in the Pacific during Workl War II. e. Dwigþt Eisenhower: US General during WWII. Repubìican Neutralit¡i,A.cts : Originally designed to avoi d American involvement in World War II by preventing loans to those countries taking part in the conflict; theywere later modiñed in 1939 to allow aid to Great Britain and otherAllied nations. Information: (OWI) Organization that Omar Bradley: A general of the twentieth century. Bradley commanded the United States ground forces in the liberation of France and the invasion of Germany in World War II. Americans and Filipinos to march roo miles with little food and water, many died or were killed on the way ¿. A series of court proceedings heìd in ernployed artists, wúters and advertisers to shape public opinion concerning World War II. Many call it a "propaganda machine" avoid war Bataan Death March: Japanese forced about 6o,ooo of ::. NurembcrgTrials: Nuremberg, German¡ afterWorlclWarII, in which Nazi leaders were üied for aggression, violations of the mles of war, and crimes against humanity. 1945) r:r. Pearl Harbor: Decemb er 7, Lg4ri United States military base on Hawaii thatwas bombedbyJapan, bringing the United States into WorldWar IL Rationing: Resticting people the amount of food and other goods maybuyduring wartimeto assu¡e adequate supplies for themilitary ;:2. Tuskegee.A.irmen : Th e fi rst African-American group of pilots toflyinWWII Vernon Baker: African American who later received the congressional Medal of Honorforhis service during WWII ;:¡. Vi ctory Gardens : Gardens that citizen s planted to raise th eir ¿r¡. own vegetables, so that food could be sent to the troops. Cold Wqr/Civil Righls Study online .; "McCarthyismtt: The term ã1 quÞl€t.: roîr/_ogody with senator Joseph McCarthywho led the search for communists in America duling the early r95os through his ìeadership in the House Unassociated American Activiti es Committee. z. Af,frrmativeAction: : g- during the Civil Rights movement because he favored segregation and refused to serve Afi'ican Americans in his restaurant ro. A policyin educational admissions orjob hiring that gives special attention or compensatory b'eatment to traditionally disadvantaged groups in an efo¡tto overcome r z. r g. Berlin Airlift: Joint effort by the US and Britian to fly food and supplies into W Berlin after the Soviet blocked off all ground Billy Graham: An evangelical Christian verypopuìar in the r95os/r95os o Civil Rights Acts: was a landmark piece of legislation in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against African Americans and women, including racial s egregation. It ended unequal application of voter regisüati on requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace :c. Plessy vs. Civil Rights Movement: a social movement in the United States Cold War: (tg+S-tggt) The period after the WWII marked by rivalry and tension between the two nuclear superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union s. ..:. Containment Policy: at the end of World War II., Policy inhoduced by Harry George'Wallace: Governor of Alabama. Favored s egregation during the Civil Rights movement ¡. Ilouse Un-American Activities Committee: Repres entatives establish ed the Committee on The Howe of Un-American Activities, popuìarlyknown as "HUAC," in order to investigate "subversion." (FEAR OF COMMUNISM) z. Iron Curtain: Term used by Churchill in tg46 to describe the growing East-West divide in postwar Europe between communist and democratic nations r s. Jonas SaIk: American doctor who invented the polio vaccine in 1953. Polio crippled andkilled millions worldwide, andthe successfirl vaccine virhrally eliminated the scourage. ;¿. Korean War: rg5o-1953 Conflict thatbegan with North Korea's invasion of South Korea and came to involve tlre United Nations (primarilythe United States) alìying with South Korea andthe People's Republic of China allying with North Korea. Orval Faubus : Arkansas governor who call ecl out the Nation al Ferguson: (r 8 g6) The Court mled that segregation rr. Rosa Parks: United States civil rights leaderwho refr.rsedto give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so helped trigger the national civil rights movement z¿. Rosenberg Triak Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accrued of selling US atomic secrets to the USSR. Theywere executed in 1953. zr. Sputnik: First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation ofNASA and the space race. zr. Thurgood Marshall: tstAfrican American Supreme Court Justice ¿s. Truman Doctrine: 1947, President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any counùy threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology Truman after WWII that said the duty of the U.S. was to stop the spread communism. Defined the foreign policy for the period c. Baptist minister and civil rights was not discriminatory (did not violate black civil rights under the Fourteenth Amendemnt). The idea of "separate but equal" S. after WWII until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 U. S. Guard to prevent nine black studenLs from entering Little Rock's Central High School under federal court order. Segregationist Established by the Truman administration in 1947 to contain Soviet influence to what it was r Martin Luther King Jr.: '¡.¡¡. during the r95os and r96os, in which people organized to demand equal rights forAfrican Americans and other minorities. People worked together to change unfair ìaws. This time is known forits speeches, marches, andboycotts. r A plan that the US came up with to revive wartom economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aidto L Brown vs. Board of Education: 1954- court decision that declared state laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional, Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) z. r Marshall PIan: leader. A noted oratoç he opposed discrimination againstblacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. Hewas assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. preacher who became and by facilities that s erved th e gen eral publi c. became the leader of the Chinese western and Soutlern Europe, routes into the citY .r Mao Zed.ong: This man Communist Parly and remained its leader until his death. He declareclthe founding of the People's Republic of China in r949 present effects of past discrimination. e. Lester Maddox: Governor of Georgia who became famous 26. Venona Papers: documents from tJre a secretjointprojectbetween intelligent agencies of the U.S. and Great Britain to decode Soviet messages to reveal American spies 1960s/70s: Profest qnd Chonge Study online at qrjj.zlet. com./_ndpn1 z5th amendment: Establishes procedures for succession to the re. that works to develop and enforce reguìations tlat implement environmental laws enacted by Congress. (Began under Nixon presidency :¿ American-Indian movemcnt: The term "native American" was introduced and popularized Anti-War Movement r96os: The shootings r. at Kent State, the zo. Bayof Pigs: An unsuccessfi¡l invasion of Cuba in 196r, which was sponsored by the United States. Its purpose was to overthrow Cuban dictator Fidel Casho. c Beat Generation: American writers in the r95o's and 6o's who rr. Fall of Saigon: Marked the end of the Viehram War in April, 1975 when North Vietramese invaded South Vieüram, forcing all Americans left to flee in disarray as the capitol was taken zz. may feminist said that women were tired of being housewives and shor¡ld be free to enter into the worKorce and be paid the same as a. s. Chicano Movement: This is tlte formal name for the Me¡<ican- American portion of the Civil Rights movement. Some of this movement's leaders were Cesar Chavez, Hector Garcia, and Dolores Huerta :r. Credibility Gap: vision for the United States duúng world war II who received the Presidential medal of Hoor; Founded the American G.I. Forum for Hispanic Veterans es. ¿0. your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your county" and was assassinated in Dallas, Tx John Glenn: Famotu astronaut cc. LJ¡nd.on B Johnson: This man was president during z$. Dolores Huerta: Organized Union Farm Workers (UFW) with Cesar Chavez; helped Mexican farmworkers gain better pay & Rights Act of 1964 into law, promotecl his "Great Society" plan, part of which included the "war on poverty", Medicare and Medicaid estabìished; Vieùram: Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, Tet Offensive sr. o. Domino Effect: This is the idea that if one counby falls to communism, others will also rz. Edgewood ISD vs. Kirby: Required changes in school ñnance to increase funding for students in poorer school dish'icts 'a. Bndangered Species Act: identifies threatened and endangered species in tle US and protects these species Mendez v. Westminister: (t947) a federal court for tlre first time struck down school segregation ¡2. OPEC: An international oil organization originallyformedin 1960. Represents the majority of all oil produced in the world. AT'IEÀ,IPTS TO LIMIT OIL TO RAISE PRICES. It's long name is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. working conditions r the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, Became president after Kennedy's assassination and reelected in t964; Democrat; signed the Civil American child¡en was illegal in Texas ri;. v. Texas: AtgS4 Supreme Court decision that Inflation: A rise in the general level of prices in an economy. zr¡. John F. Kennedy: This man boldly stated that "ask not what i¡. Detente: A policyof reducing ColdWartensions thatwas Nixon. Ifernandcz ¿r, Delgado vs. Bastrop ISD: Ruled that segregation of Mexican- adopted by the United States during the presidency of Richard and human rights agreement extended protection against discrimination to Hispanics. for the USSR not keeping missiles south of Cuba. '::r. Helsinki Accords: Political signed in Helsinki, Finlanil, bythe Soviet Union and western European counties. A public distrust of statements made bythe Cuban Missile Crisis: This event refers to a major Cold War controversy tlat led to negotiations with the USSR. This required the United States to take missiles out of Turkey and Italy in retum war. Ilector Garcia: World War II Hero; a doctor and surgeon government, esp. during the 196os rz. oo, oo o Americans and z¿. Cesar Chavez: This man helped to organize farm workers in o. 5 Great Society: This was Johnson's conboversial domestic California and used non-violent means ; committed. Evacuated nearly e*. Black Panthers: This group favoredAfrican-American rights and believed that their goaìs could be reached using militancy h ave South Viebramese from Vieüram, closing the Kerouac) Betty Friedan: In her book "The Feminist Mystique", this Gerald Ford: Republican President: 1974-Lg77. Tookoverafter Nixon's resignation and parcloned Nixon of all crimes that he saw themselves as in rebellion against the failu¡es of American culture. Their works had loose stuchue and slang diction. (Jack z. in r97z stating that "equality of righæ under t}le law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex." The amendment failed to acrquire the necessary support from three-fourths ofthe state legislatures. c Barry Goldwater: This man was the Republican candidate who : adminisûation) Equal Rights Amendment: A constitutional amendment passed by Congress release of the Pentagon paperc, and the Tet Offensive all led to tìis movement ran againstJohnson Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): An organization rs. Phyllis Schlafly: Author and political activist known for her criticism of feminism andthe Equal Rights Amendment. Believed that the ERA would undermine the rights of women and reduce the rights of wives/famiìies :r4. Richard Nixon: 1968 and t974; Repúlican; Vishram: advocated 'Vietnamization" (replace US h'oops with Viebramese), but also bombed Cambodia/Laos, created a "credibilitygap," created the Environmental Protection Agency, was president during first moon landing; SALT I and new policy of detente between US and Soviet Union; Watergate scandal: became first and only president to resign :;. Roy Benavitez: This man received the Medal se. Silent Majority: A phrase coined of Honor for his heroic gestures during the Vietnam war by Richard Nixon referring to a large number of Americans who supported his conservative poìicies but did not express their views publicly (in opposition to the counterculture movement of the r96os) s;. Spiro Agnew: Nixon's vice-president resigned and pleaded "no contest" to charges of tax evasion on pa)¡ments made to him when he was governorof Maryland. Hewas replacedþcæl¡ n ¡¡t¿, ea. Stagflation: A combination 3g. Tet Offensive: This coordinated attack showed citizens of the United States that the Northern Vietramese were more organized ancl of too much unemployment and too much inflation, botì occurring at the same time. efficient than previously thought "ic. Tinker vs. Des Moines: Supreme Court case that stated that students do notlose their freedom of speech rights in high school. Students wore black arm bands to protest the Vietnam War. ¿r. Title IX: A United States law enacted in ¿:;. Vietnam War: This ¡'r. Vietnamization: This plan includedhealybombing, 1972 that states: "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance." is one of the most divisive conflicts in United States History and occurred from rg14-tg7g a gradual withd¡awal of troops fromthewar, andan invasion of Cambodia for shorter supplyroutes r.a. Watergate: 1922- The events and scandal surrounding a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in t97z and the subsequent cover-up of White House involvement, leading to the eventual resignation of President Nixon under the tlreat of impeachmen! Fordbecomes President ¿i:. 'White v. Regester: Required single member districts in Dallas and Bexar counties ¿n. Wisconsin vs. Yoder: so local groups could elect their own representatives School Attendance Law violated the First Amendment because it requirecl attendance past with the right of Amish parents to direct the religious upbringing of their children. tle 8th grade. Interfered : Crisis , qnd Resurgence: Corter-Clinfon Study online at qui:let . com/-np7bu , BilI Clinton: 4end President advocated economic and heaìthcare reform; second plesident to be impeached; scandal with White House intem Monica Lewinsþ z. Bill Gates: American computer software designer who Co- founded Microsoft and built it into one of the Largest computer software manufactur'ers a peace heagrbchreen Israel and Egypt issuing from talks at Camp Davidbetween Egyptian President Sadat, Israeli Prime Minister Begin, and the host, U.S. President Carter: signed in tg7g. Conhact With Ameri ca ¡ Republican plan h eaded by Newt ra. Department of Enerry: i z. rg. r u. zo. zr. za. Heritage Foundation: Conservative interest group/ supported Reagan Reagan Doctrine: Reagan said that the US would help groups resist communism in the Third World, US would support tying lr. Redlining: A process to overthrow Communist regimes itwill spur by which banks d¡aw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the Crimes and Misdemeanors. " Iran llostage Crisis: In November boundaries. 1979, revolutionaries stormed the American embassy in Tehran and held 5z Americans hostage. The Carter adminishation tried unsuccessñrlly to negotiate for the h ostages rel ease. On January zo, 1981, the day Carter left office, Iran released the Americans, ending their 4 4,1 days in captivity. Iran-Contra Af,fair: During H.W. Bush's the growth of public spending and improve the economy. It included tax breaks for the rich, "supply-side economics," and "trickle down" theory. r. Impeachment: An action bythe House of Representatives to accuse tle president vice president, or other civil officers ofthe United States of committing'"Ireason, Bribery, or other high H appened under George :s. Reaganomics: Reagan's theorythatif youcuttaxes, ofhealth-care reform ro. Persian Gulf War: "freedom fighters" o Hillary Clinton: Clinton's wife appointed to head the committee iz. PeaceThrougþ Strength: Reagan's policyof combating presidency when troops from Iraq invade Kuwait under the direction of Saddam Hussein. The UN/US supportecl Kuwait and sent troops and the war was over quickly. This was Bush's greatest foreign policy success and was the first major challenge following the ColdWar tade barriers between different countries. For the first So years, r Nuclear Regulatory Commission: an independent federal development of new weapons systeû¡s. tle framework was known as the General Agreement r National RifleAssociation (NRA): organization which lists communism by building up the military, including aggressive s GATT/WTO: An organization thatwas maclein ordertolessen ,:. Free Trade Agreement) A trade agency created to reguìate nuclear power plants Laud.er: parents were jewish immigrants, gave free makeovers and demonsfuations at high school, married a very on Taúffs and Trade (GATT). Afterwards, it became known as the World Trade Organization (WTO). NAFTA: (North American as its goals the protection of the Second Amendment and the promotion of firearm ownership rights as well as marksmanship. Powerñrl political interest group r. Estee successfirl business man, refl:sed to advertise her company (SF Lauder) A movementbegun in the early r98o's among agreement between Canada, the United States and Mexico that encourages free hade between tlese North American counb:ies. (rg77)Promotes production of renewable energy, fossil fuels, and nuclear energy, Transmits and sells hydroel ectric power, conducts nuclear weapons research and production Moral Majority: reìigious conservatives that supported conservative Republicans opposed to abortion, communism and liberalism. Gingrich that focused on scaling back the government, balancing the budget, and cutting taxes o. Lionel Sosa: Lionel is the founder of Sosa, Bromle¡ Aguilar & Associates, now Bromley Communications, the largest Hispanic advertising agencyin the U.S Community Reinvestment Act: Requires banks to demonstrate their commihnent to local communities through low-income lending programs andto provide annual reports to tlle public. s. i:;. Camp David Accords: r*. ¿. :r. Jimmy Carter: (r977-Br) - . Democrat. Major Events While in Office: Panama Canal Trealy (tgZZ) Camp DavidAccords (rgZ8) US ofñcially recognizes People's Republic ofChina (t979) Three Mile Island incident (1979) Iran Hostage Crisis (r979-Br) the second term of the Reagan administration, govemment ofñcials sold missiles to lran (hoping that this wor:ld help free American hostages held in Lebanon); money ñ'om tlis sale was used to aid anti-communist Contra forces in Nicaragua. Iran was a county that was supposed to be on the American "no bade" list because of their taking ofAmerican hostages, and congressionaì legislation had been enacted making it illegal to give money to the Contas. A major scandal for the Reagan aclministration. es. Robert Johnson: firstAflican-American billionaire, founder of ro. Ronald Reagan: President r98r-r989; Republican; "Reagan BET (Black Entertainment Television) Revolution " : reduce reliance on government; Reagonomics : supply-side, laissez-faire, sent h'oops to Grenada, escalated the Cold Wa r: "rollback" of communism, Sbategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars); War on Drugs, second term-ended cold war ("tear down this wall" (Berlin Walì)) r;. Rust Belt: Also known as t}re manufacturing belt and is located in the northeastern parts of the USA and Midwest states that contain oÌder indushies and factories. ?s. Sam\Malton: foundedWal-MartandSam's Club. Boughtin extemelylargequantities andsoldatìowprices. (DiscountStores) ze. Sandra Day O'Connor: firstwoman go. Star'Wars: supreme court justice, appointed by Reagan President Reagan's proposed weapons system to destroy Soviet missiles from space. sr. Sun BeIt: West/South United States. Population increased du¡ing the George H. W. Bush presidency ¡2. Three Mile Island: Nuclear Power Plant in Pennsylvania which failed, causing radiation to be admitted in the air Americo in the New Millenium Study online at ; quizlet . com,/_occj a AIGore The VP for Bill Clinton. Concerned with environmental issues. He also ran against George W. Bush in the disputed election of zooo. Gore won the popular vote, but Bush won overall and was elected. Al-Qaeda radical Muslim organization dedicated to the elimination of a Western presencein Arab ;2. ::-i. J-I-T Production 'J ust-in-time" production : cornputers track inventory and parts arrive exactly when they are needed in for production. This makes manufacturing quicker ancl cheaper Multinational organization that manufactures and markets ploducts in many different counbies and has multinâtional stock ownership and Corp. a countries and militantly opposed to Western foreign policy: founcledbyOsama bin Laden in multinational management. r+. t988 s Barack Obama Computer Revolution s Demography *. Department : a : r. US federal agency created the worst financial crisis since tle Great Depression of the r93os. It resulted in the threat oftotal collapse oflarge financial institutions, the bailout ofbanks by national governments, and downturns in stock markets around the world. Genetic ofmaking changes in the DNA code of living organisms GeorgeW. Hurricane Katrina Illegal fmmigration ::. Osamabin Laden rc. Pentagon political talking point and other attacks. a governmentbuilding that serves as the ofDefense; attackedon Sep. 'i:,,. Presidential Election of 2()()() tt, zoot Bush vs. Gore: Gore won the popular vote and electoral college came down to Florida; after a recount, Bush's leadwas less than r,ooo votes. A problem w/ the ballots required them to be hand-counted... State officials refixed to extend deadline for this recount... State officiaìs certified Bush as the winner of Florida's electoral votes ;¡r. Robotics Sophisticated, computer-conholled machinery that operates an assembly line. Very important in modem American industry isr. September11, the date 19 when terrorists hijacked passenger airplanes and used them to destroy a small section of the Pentagon & destroy the twin towers of the World Trade Center in NYC; 3,ooo people were killed & 6,ooo were injured; (z) these events led to a manhunt for Osama Bin Laden, heightened security in the US, and expanded military action abroad 2()()1 President zool-2o09; Republican; 9/rr terrorist attack; invasion ofAfghanistan and Iraq; economy: tax cuts, zooT- recession; No Child Left Behind, Hurricane Katrina disaster The unlawfi:l entry of people from other nations into the United States; a major rt, zoot, headquarters of the United States DepaÍnent Controversial process (zooS) one oftlre deadliest hurricanes in the history of the U. S., killing nearly z,ooo Americans. The storm ravaged New Orleans, in lateAug. of zoo5. In New Orleans, high winds and rain caused the city's levees to break, leading to catashophic flooding, particularly centered on the city's most impoverished wards. Bad response time reflected poorly on local and federaì governments (tgSZ-) Founder ofal Qaeda, the terrorist network responsible for the attacks of September in zooz to Financial Crisis of 2008 Pubìicly endorsed Obama. One of the world's wealthiest women and the highest paid entertainer in the world Study of human populations coordinate national efforts against terrorism Bush :c. During the r98os personal computers began to appearin manyhomes across theworld. By the late 199os, computers had become a staple in most industrialized counby's homes. of Homeland Security Engineering l. President zooS-present; Democrat; fi rst of the US, heaìth carebill; Gulf of Mexico oil spill disaster; economy: huge stimulus package to combat the great recession, is removing troops from Iraq, strengthened numbers in Afghanistan; repeal of Don't Ask Don't Tell Af ican American president Oprah Winfrey zo. Sonia Sotomayor Appointed by President Obama in zoo9, first Hispanic Supreme Court Justice ¿r. Taliban A group of fundamentalist Muslims who took control of Afghanistan's government in r996 zr. Technolog/Innovation Important aspects of the free enterprise (capitalist) system rs. Time-study Analysis shrdy :¿:. USAPatriotAct law passed due to 9/rr attacks; sought to prevent further terrorist attacks by allowing greater government access to electronic communications and other information; criticized by some as violating civil liberties zs. 'War in Iraq Part of thewar on Terror', began in 2oo3 Saddam Hussein was saidto have Weapons of Mass Destruction; nonewere found. Terror Initiatedby President George W. Bush after the attacks of September rt, 2oo1, the war on terror aimed to weed out terrorist operatives and their supporters throughout the world. ir;. 'f,Vâr on r:. World Trade Center ofhow long tasks should take to increase productivity Once an icon for the global economy in New York, became a target for terrorism in zoot Amendmenls, Court Coses, elc. Quizlet rstAmendment: Study online at quizlet. com/_p0cyd Recall: Recaìì: the people can petition and vote to have an F'reedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembl¡ and Petition gth Amendment: Can't be elected official removed from office. Intended to make elected officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs ofthe hied twice for the same crime; Right people, and part of the tnovement to make government more to remain silent; Must be paid for property if taken for public use r3th Amendment: Outlaws slavery in the United r4th Amendment: efñcient and scientifi c. States declared that all persons born in the US wele Progressive Era citizens & that all citizens were entilted to equal rights and their Reconstruction Amendments : t3th, r4th, and rSth rights were protected by due process r5th Amendment: Citizens cannot because ofrace, be denied the Amendments to the Constitution that were intended to soìve problems relating to civil rights following the Civil War right to vote color, or precious condition ofservitude r6th Amendment: Allows the federal government Referendum: Referendum: a law passedbythe legislature can to collect be reference to the people for approval/veto.Intendcd to make elected officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of income tax (rgrg) rTth Amendment: Direct Election of Senators (r9r3) rSth Amendment: 1 9 1 the people, and part of the movement to make government more effi cient and scientifi c. 9, prohibited the s ale of alcohol rgth Amendment: Amenùnent to the U.S, Constitution (r9zo) Progressive Era extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections. z4th Amendment: Amendment Tinker vs. Des Moines: Mary Beth Tinker to the U.S. Constitution (1964) eliminated the poll tax as a prerequisite to vote in national eìections. z6th Amendment: Lowered the voting Constitution, containing a expelled. age from zr to 18 (1971) BiI of Rights: The first ten amendments mling stated that students do not lose their freedom ofspeech rights in high school. Supreme Court of the U.S, list of individual rights and liberties, . such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press. Was added to comfort those who felt like their rights wouldn't be protected under tl¡e Constitution Brown vs. Board of Education: 1954- court decision Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) action against segregation in public accommodations, public facilities, and employ'rnent. The law was passed during a period of great sü'ength for the civil rights movement, and President Lyndon Johnson persuaded many reluctant members of Congress to support the law. Second Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies wanted independence from Britain. Many of the complaints begin with "He has...." ancl continue to listgrievances against the King Hernandez vs. Texas: Supreme Court decision that ended on State's practice of excluding Mexican Americans from jury lists Initiativq Initiative: people have the right to propose a new law. Intended to make elected ofñcials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of the people, and part of the movement to make government more efficient and scientific. Progressive Era Plessyvs. Ferguson: (t896) The Court ruled that segregation was not discriminatory as long as there were "separate but equal" institutions It controlled taxes, aûny, üade, and currency. Begins with "We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for Civil Rights Act of 1965: A federal law that authorized federal the 1787, Continental Congress included a central government divided into three branches (president, Senate, House of Representatives, and Supreme Court) and controlled by checks and balances. The Bill of Rights were ten amendments to the new constitution that guaranteed rights of freedom to citizens; made a national gov't that that 1776 statement, issued by United States Constitution: made a constitution after Articles of Confederation failed; declared state laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional. Declaration of Independence: and other students wore black arm bands to protest the Vietiram War and were the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourseìves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. " ,,,' Voting Rights Act of 1965r A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to Afücan American suftage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and the number of African American elected ofñcials increased dramatically. White vs. Regester: set standard for maximum acceptable population deviation for state legislative districts (representatives should represent around the same number of people, so person's vote has a similar weight) ,. Wisconsin vs. Yoder: tlat each Ruled that the Amish did not have to send their children to public school after 8th grade,