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Chapter 10 :Section 1 and 2 Growing Pains 1) Population went up and cities grew which meant that more trade. More trade would boost the economy in the nation and therefore help to clear America’s debts. 2) Hierarchical structure increased. I.E. lawyers and doctors. More and more people were taking on other jobs other than those relating to agriculture which is crucial to become a superpower. 3) Made more states. I.E Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, Vermont 4) The colonists were slowly moving westwards which meant that they were slowly begin to cover more space in the U.S. GROWING PAINS 5) The population boom replaced the amount of people lost in the war. Population booms usually happen during times of progress or prosperity which signified America’s emergence as a powerful state. It showed other nations that a Republican state was possible since America was viewed as an experiment. Negative: 1) As colonists move westward, there became more tension between Indians which caused conflicts to rise. I.E. small skirmishes which would later turn into larger battles. 2) Settlers moving westward were seduced by British and Spanish agents which cause the foreign observers to wonder if the us would grow into maturity. NEGATIVE: 3) Foreigners viewed the American pioneer life as crude because of the difficulties that lied with it. 4) Population growth means that resources would be used up at a faster rate. 5) The colonist that were moving westward became more unruly in that the government could not control them because of the distance between them. 1) Unanimously voted by the Electoral College in 1789 George Washington made the cabinet system that wasn’t stated in the constitution. However, this system is still used today. 2) George Washington led citizens with his strength of character rather than the sleazy ways of politicians. 3) Made an inauguration speech on the balcony of wall street. 4)Warned the government to not make political factions and to be neutral wars but the politicians didn’t listen to him. 5) He helped to organize the constitutional convention at Philadelphia in 1787 because he was greatly concerned that the Articles of Confederation were not benefiting the people and the governance of the nation. 6) He passed 1785 Pinckney’s treaty which allowed colonists greater access to the Mississippi river. 7) Gave us his seat as president when he could have served for life. He put the country’s needs before his own. Even when conflicts arose he didn’t shelter his friends for the sake of his friendship. 8) His farewell address, which is considered to be a primer in republican values, helped to shape the course of the nation for the next 100 years. 9) Insured that the whisky rebellion which was a tax on whisky was put down this demonstrated that federal authority can control threats to its regime. 10) During his presidency the ratification of the first ten amendments to the constitution also known as the bill of rights had been put into effect which guaranteed both individual liberties as well as state’s rights. 11) While in office his efforts to reform the nation served as an inspiration and symbol of unity for many. 12) In 1793, George Washington issued the Proclamation of neutrality which served as the basis for avoiding any involvement in foreign conflicts. He was an enthusiastic advocate of the establishment of central government, tax system and national bank. Farewell Speech Inauguration Speech Sources http://www.google.co.in/imgres?q=george+washington&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=1107&bih =605&tbm=isch&tbnid=4d-2nHd6VD51BM:&imgrefurl=http://whoisavian.com/what-keptwashington-alive/&docid=cOVk5dpAvi5xbM&imgurl=http://whoisavian.com/wpcontent/uploads/2010/11/GeorgeWashington.jpg&w=960&h=720&ei=sk1WUNCGD43VigKnx IAY&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=824&vpy=198&dur=1923&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=214&ty =95&sig=113725114337337186580&page=1&tbnh=115&tbnw=141&start=0&ndsp=24&ved= 1t:429,r:15,s:0,i:185 http://www.google.co.in/imgres?q=population+growth+post+american+revolution&um=1&hl= en&biw=1107&bih=605&tbm=isch&tbnid=bx1OTRx6FF4odM:&imgrefurl=http://www.gilder lehrman.org/history-by-era/early-republic/essays/earlyrepublic&docid=3pGif6gipbRweM&imgurl=http://new.gilderlehrman.org/sites/default/files/ess ay-images/US-Census1790_0.jpg&w=2889&h=1596&ei=N05WUKHUCq3qiQLTyYGAAQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx =576&vpy=256&dur=497&hovh=167&hovw=302&tx=168&ty=111&sig=1137251143373371 86580&page=2&tbnh=89&tbnw=161&start=18&ndsp=23&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:18,i:138 https://www.census.gov/population/apportionment/about/history.html http://teachinghistory.org/teaching-materials/lesson-plan-reviews/22531 http://millercenter.org/president/washington/essays/biography/9 PRIMARY SOURCE: http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/ampage?collId=mgw4&fileName=gwpage098.db&recNum= 529 http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/ampage?collId=mgw2&fileName=gwpage024.db&recNum= 228 SECONDARY SOURCE: The American Pageant Kennedy, David M. ,Cohen, Lizbeth ,Bailey, Thomas A. The American Paegant : A History of The Republic 13th Edition. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006. The Bill of Rights & Hamilton revives the corpse of public credit Megan Choi – Brian Lee – Pierson Ro Period 1 09/18/12 (APUSH) The Need For Change • States ratified the Federal Constitution thought that it would include individual rights • Anti-Federalists criticized the Constitution, believed in liberty and alienable/human rights • Wanted the Bill of Rights (first 10 Amendments) What is the Bill of Rights? -The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the Constitution. -It reinforces American principles (freedom of religion, speech, and press) -Prohibits abnormal punishments & random taking of private property by the government. - James Madison • James Madison a.k.a. “Father of the Constitution”, added Amendments IX and X - Specifying protections for individual rights and liberties • Results: - Kept a strong central government - Brought the Federalists towards the way of the AntiFederalists Judiciary Act of 1789 • Created by the first Congress • This Act organized the Supreme Court, federal districts, and circuit courts. - Established the office of attorney general (head of the US Department of Justice) • John Jay, the youngest Republican became the first chief justice of the United States Alexander Hamilton • A native of the British West Indies • First US Secretary of Treasury • Many critics doubted him - People thought that he loved his native country (Great Britain) more than his adopted country (USA). - Wanted to model US Government to Great Britain’s - Fiscal plan called for loose interpretation of Constitution National Debt • Hamilton helps the economy - Shape the fiscal policies (favor wealthier groups in return for political support) • Financers wanted to raise the national credit - Hamilton asks for “funds” from the Congress • “Funding at Par” - Urges gov’t to pay the $54 million (national debt) and $21.5 million (state debt). Bargain in 1790 • States (Massachusetts) with heavy debts liked Hamilton’s proposal, but smaller states (Virginia) did not. • Virginia did not want the debts assumed, but wanted the District of Columbia - Jefferson was asked to get enough votes for the assumption - In return Virginia gets the federal district. Sources • Primary source- The Constitution of the United States, 1787 • Secondary source- Kennedy, David M; Cohen, Lizabeth; Bailey, Thomas A. The American Pageant: 13th Edition. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006 The Whiskey Rebellion & Political Parties Jocelyn Avella Cheyenne Lee Katherine Hernandez What caused the Whiskey Rebellion? After the revolutionary war, America found itself a debt crisis of $20,000,000 in which it had only two ways to pay off. Either by tax or to minimize spending. • Alexander Hamilton wanting to find a stable source of income suggested a tax on the whiskey being distilled in the U.S. – Congressed agreed to pass this levy in 1791 Mutinous Moonshiners in Philadelphia • The Whiskey Rebellion (Pennsylvania 1794) caused citizens to become angry – Whiskey was a necessity for businesses – Citizens had also thought they had escaped taxes when they separated from England • Rye and corn distilled in alcohol = cheap transport • Distillers erected whiskey poles like the liberty against the Stamp Act (1765) – Cried “Liberty and no excise!” as they tarred and feathered revenue officers • President Washington was alarmed by “self-created societies” and summoned a militia of 13,000 men – Anxiety at the idea of opposing/crushing fellow states • “Whiskey Boys” didn’t oppose and were captured, dispersed, or overawed – Although scorned by central gov. for brutal force (3 people killed) Washington became respected & strengthened his administration The Emergence of Political Parties • Hamilton’s idea allowed sound credit, funding assumption, less tax, bank, and other financial success, but limited states’ rights • Americans doubt of Constitution grew to resentment since they didn’t know federal power would increase – Small feud between Jefferson and Hamilton grew to national political rivalry • America never had political parties – Whigs, Tories, Federalists, AntiFederalists were all fractions that debate hot issues • Founders of Philadelphia saw organized opposition as disloyalty and disunity – Jefferson and Hamilton tried to keep debates within Congress, but political parties rose and became the American traditional two-party system • Political Parties and opposition became a support to democracy – Helped government act for peoples’ wants Bibliography • Bailey, Thomas A., Lizabeth Cohen, and David M. Kennedy. The American Pageant. 13th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2006. Print. • "The Whiskey Insurrection." The Early Republic. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2012. <tomscourse.tripod.com/whiskey1.htm>. • PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/duel/peopleeve nts/ pande22.html>. Kozirovskiy, David Huh, James Chun, Tae Soo 9/18/12 Period 1 Ms. Kim APUSH Presentation •Influence of the Federalists and Republicans •Washington’s Neutrality Influence of the Federalists and Republicans The developing nation of the United States saw the emergence of two political parties- the Federalists and the DemocraticRepublicans. Influence of the Federalists and Republicans Federalists: • Propertied and rich • Loose Interpretation of the Constitution • Army • National bank • Strong central government Differences in Development The Federalists were led by Alexander Hamilton and ruled by the wealthy and the “best people.” Influence of the Federalists and Republicans Differences in Politics Democratic-Republicans: • States’ rights and Strict interpretation of the Constitution • Agriculture • France over Great Britain • Educated and the Common man Influence of the Federalists and Republicans Election of 1800 • Thomas Jefferson became president. • Andrew Burr became vicepresident. • This was one of the first successful transitions of political power from one party to another. Washington’s Neutrality • During the American Revolution, the United States signed a Treaty of Alliance so as to acquire help in case of war. • The British saw the potential dangers of such a treaty and wanted to drive a wedge into the peace between the two conflicting nations. Treaty of 1778 Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation of Neutrality • Between 1792 and 1799, France and Great Britain fought the War of the First Coalition. • Federalists wanted to help the British. The Democratic-Republicans wanted to help their past ally, France. • Washington saw the conflict rising between the two parties and decided to issue the Proclamation of Neutrality in 1793. • The act had three provisions: o Barred American ships from supplying either side in the conflict. o American citizens were warned to be impartial to both sides. o Anyone who violated the neutrality law would no longer be provided protection by the US, but rather the individual would be prosecuted. Washington’s Neutrality Edmond-Charles Genêt Edmond-Charles Genêt meeting with George Washington Edmond-Charles Genêt • Edmond-Charles Genêt was the French ambassador to the United States. He was upset that the United States would not provide aid to the French. • He decided to take matters into his own hands. He paid privateers from South Carolina to attack British ships. • George Washington stopped his attempts to rebel against the powers of the government. When the Jacobins took control of France, Genêt lost his position and pleaded Washington to stay in the United States. Bibliography 1. 2. 3. Bailey, Thomas Andrew, David M. Kennedy, and Lizabeth Cohen. The American Pageant. 13th Edition ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2006. Print. Gclitty. "Federalist vs. Republican." Hubpages.com. N.p., 29 June 2012. Web. 17 Sept. 2012. <http://gclitty.hubpages.com/hub/Federalist-vs-Republican>. "The Proclamation of Neutrality: The Original." The The Proclamation of Neutrality. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2012. <http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/procneutral/ original.html>. Embroilments with Britain & Jay’s Treaty and Washington’s Farewell September 18, 2012 Period 1 Ms. Kim Presenters: Roberto Luna Jr. Kevin Castillo Scarlet Bermudez Angel The British on U.S. Soil • President Washington’s effort to fulfill his policy of neutrality was disrupted by the British. The British were stubborn in following the terms set forth in the Treaty of Paris of 1783. • The British retained a chain of northern frontier posts on U.S. soil and also refused to leave the fur trade in the Great Lakes. • Worst of all, the British supplied the Indians of the Miami Confederation, who had often invaded American lands, with firearms and other supplies. Conflicts With Native Americans • • • In 1790 and 1791, the Miami Confederacy, led by Little Turtle, defeated armies led by Generals Josiah Harmar and Arthur St. Clair. This defeat stands out as one of the worst defeats in the history of the frontier. In 1974, a new army led by General “Mad Anthony” Wayne defeated the Miami Confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. In the Greenville Treaty of 1795, the Miamis gave up lands such as Ohio and Indiana to America in return for a large sum of money, the right to hunt in the lands they had ceded, and hoped the recognition of their sovereign status. Jeffersonians vs. Hamiltonians • The Democratic-Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson, argued that America should fight King George III again in defense of their liberties. • The Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton, disagreed with the Democratic-Republicans. They believed that America’s economic development depended on trade with Britain, so they resisted battle. Jay’s Treaty • Supreme Court Chief Justice John Jay was sent to London by President Washington in 1794 as a last resort to avert war. Jay’s Treaty was signed between the United States and Great Britain on November 19, 1794. Jay was unsuccessful in getting Britain to • Britain only promised to pay damages fulfill all of America’s demands. for the recent seizure of American ships and to remove the chain of posts on U.S. soil, but not to stop any future seizure of American ships and to stop giving fire arms to Indians. They did however force Jay into making the United States pay debts still owed to British merchants from before the Revolutionary War. The DemocraticRepublicans were upset with this treaty as they saw it as an abject surrender to Britain. Washington’s Farewell Address • After two terms as President of the United States, George Washington decided to leave office. One of the reasons he choose not go for another term was due to the constant debating between the Federalists and DemocraticRepublicans. • In his farewell address in 1796, Washington told the nation to not form “permanent alliances” and to only favor “temporary alliances” in extraordinary emergencies. Works Cited Jay’s Treaty. 30 Jul 2010. Library of Congress. 16 Sep 2012. <http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/jay.html> Kennedy David, Cohen Lizabeth, Bailey Thomas. The American Pageant 13th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006. Our Documents – President George Washington's Farewell Address. Our Documents. 16 Sep 2012.<www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=15> John Adams Becomes President/ Unofficial Fighting With France David Kim Francisco Jimenez John Adams Becomes President • Alexander Hamilton: - Best known Federalist, but his financial policies made him unpopular that he couldn’t be the President - Federalists forced to turn to John Adams - Democratic Republics supported Thomas Jefferson • Political passions ran high: Federalists and Democratic Republics even drank ale in separate taverns • John Adams won as President with many of his votes from New England and Jefferson, as the runner up, became the vice president John Adams was hated by Alexander Hamilton who resigned from Treasury in 1795 and became the head of the Federalist war faction Unofficial Fighting With France • Jay Treaty: eliminates British control of western posts within two years, establishes America's claim for damages from British ship seizures, and provides America a limited right to trade in the West Indies The French hated Jay’s Treaty which was considered one step closer to making an alliance with the British. Believed a violation against the Franco-American Treaty in 1778 • Trying to stay with Washington’s “no war” policy, Adams tried to figure out an agreement with France In 1797, Adam’s envoys were hoping to meet with Talleyrand, the French foreign minister. The French spokesmen demanded a loan of 32 million florins and a bribe of $250,000 just to talk with the Talleyrand • John Marshall, Hamilton’s envoy, refused to submit to the excessive payment. Negotiations broke down in 1798, but Marshall was greeted warmly in New York for refusing the French terms • Increased tension with France caused war hysteria to sweep through the US and despite resistance from the Jeffersonian faction congress created the navy department, the navy was expanded, the Marines were reestablished, and an army of 10,000 was authorized • Conflict with France lasted from 1798 until 1800, and was confined to naval engagements. The majority of fighting to place in the West Indies and targeted merchant vessels. Franco-American relations were ruined and the possibility for total war between the two nations ran high Works Cited • Bailey, Thomas Andrew, David M. Kennedy, and Lizabeth Cohen. The American Pageant. 13th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. Print. • "Jay's Treaty." : In 1794, the Treaty Negotiated by John Jay between America and England Averted Further War. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2012. <http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/jaytreaty/>. • "John Adams." The White House. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2012. <http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/johnadams>. Ch.10 Launching the New Ship Of State By: Bridgett Veliz, Dina Assran, and Suhaila Adams Puts Patriotism Above Party • George Washington’s farewell left space for new president John Adams • France didn’t want to start war in America since they had their hands full in Europe • Adams against war because U.S. was weak • Adams submitted to senate the name of a new minister to France, Hamiltonians very angry • Napoleon wanted to create a new world in Louisiana • Convention of 1800: peace with France which ended peace tie military alliance between U.S. and France • Adam deserves credit for peace with France and peaceful purchase of Louisiana The Reason For The Convention Of 1800 • Federalists against entering war since U.S. is weak • Anti-federalists pro-war because they respected the Franco-American alliance • Washington favored only “temporary alliances” for emergencies but strongly advised the avoidance of “permanent alliance” (201). • Washington issued his Neutrality Proclamation in1793 (Rogers) • British believed that U.S. would be loyal to French alliance and started seizing American ships • French believed Jay’s Treaty with Britain violated Franco-American treaty so they began seizing American ships as well • All the chaos needed to be ended by breaking up any alliance starting with France The Federalist Witch Hunt • Federalists came up with laws designed to minimize Jeffersonian foes • 1ST alien law was aimed at pro-Jeffersonian “alien”, by raising residence requirements for aliens who desired to became citizens from tolerable 5 years to intolerable 14 years (Hale) • 2nd alien law : a president empowered to deport dangerous foreigners in time of peace, and deport or imprison them in time of hostility • Sedition act: anyone who impeded the policies of the government or falsely defamed its officials would be liable to heavy fine or imprisonment • These laws were a direct conflict with the constitution but the supreme court was dominated by federalists Anti-Federalists Against Federalists laws • Alien laws violated the traditional American policy of open door hospitality and speedy assimilation (Hale) • The sedition act violated the freedom of speech and freedom of press guaranteed in the constitution by the bill of rights • Jeffersonian editors were brought to trial under the sedition act by prejudice federalists judges • Congressman Matthew Lyon (the Spitting Lion) gained fame for spitting in the face of a federalists then sentenced to four months in jail (205) • By these unjust laws many anti-federalist were minimized • Federalists were riding a wave of popularity Work Cited • Kennedy M., David. The American Pageant. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2006. • Rogers, Mathew. Office of the Historian. 16 Nov. 2007. University of Maryland. 16 Sept. 2012 http://history.state.gov/milestones/17841800/ConventionandRatification. • Hale, Lisa. Federalists Party. 20 July 2008. Farlex inc. 16 Sept. 2012 http://legaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com/_/Dict. The Alien and Sedition Acts and Election of 1800 Edgar Avila Christopher Yoon Luna Gonzalez Response to the Alien and Sedition Acts • Federalists – The Federalists promoted the Alien and Sedition Acts because they worked against the Jeffersonian Party. Many immigrants favored Jefferson's point of view. Keeping them from becoming citizens would push off when they would be able to vote, keeping Federalists in power for longer. • Anti-Federalists/DemocraticRepublicans – Believed that the acts were unconstitutional and were outraged that the acts were so extreme. They viewed the acts as a way to dispose of the voter and verbal opposition against the Federalist Party, and an affront to freedom of speech The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, Jefferson and Madison, and the Compact Theory • Jefferson and Madison – Against Alien and Sedition Laws, wanted to keep constitutional rights – Supported the Compact Theory • Virginia Resolution − Passed in 1798, drafted by Madison • Kentucky Resolution – Passed in 1798 and 1799 drafted by Jefferson • Compact Theory – U.S. formed through an agreement by all of the states individually, a compact – Agreements by states such as Virginia and Kentucky resolutions meant compact had been broken – Dem-Republicans strongly for states’ rights • Federalists Disagree − Supreme court should decide if legislation is unconstitutional Federalists Vs. Democratic-Republicans Federalists • • • • • Led by Hamilton Advocated rule by the "best" people; the people that own the country should rule it Feared that the uneducated common people would destroy the country if given the right to vote For strong central government Protection for wealthy, estates of wealthy, private enterprise, merchants, promotion of trade; less restrictions on business Election of 1800 Democratic Republic • • • • • Appealed to the lower and middle class Demanded a weak central government, believed the best government was one that governed less Power to states to avoid development of dictatorship Wanted no special privileges for special classes, but supported the agriculture aspects of America Southern support Foreign Policy • Federalists -The government should assert power overseas -British trade essential to economy -Should end any American-French treaty, involvement in French revolution considered a bad choice • Dem-Republicans -The government should focus on domestic affairs -In agreement with principles of the French revolution, not Britain’s response -Believed British trade was detrimental • “If the acts before specified should stand, these conclusions would flow from them; that the general government may place any act they think proper on the list of crimes and punish it themselves whether enumerated or not enumerated by the constitution.” –Thomas Jefferson, 1798 • • • • Believed that only those with property and education should vote Government for all people not by all people Elected president 1800 Conflicting views on slavery Bibliography • “The Spitting Lyon.” 1798. Cartoon, print. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Web. 12 Sept. 2012. • Jefferson, Thomas. Statements against Alien and Sedition Acts. 1798, handwritten draft. Portable Library of Liberty. 2010. Liberty Fund. Web. 12 Sept. 2012.<http://files.libertyfund.org/ pll/quotes/ 80.html>. • Kennedy, David M, Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas A. Bailey. The American Pageant. Ed. Williams, Lisa Kalner, and Rosemary R. Jaffe. 13 ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006. • Stanton, Lucia. Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello. Monticello and the University of Virginia, 2008. Web. Sept. 12 2012. <http://www.monticello.org/site/plantation-and-slavery/ thomas-jefferson-and-slavery>.