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Biol 1151L Muscle Physiology Pre-lab Don’t forget to type your name on the assignment. Completer the following prior to coming to lab, type your answers, and turn them in at the beginning of lab. Define the following terms. 1. Epimysium 2. Fascicle 3. Permysium 4. Muscle fiber 5. Endomysium 6. Sarcolemma 7. T-tubule 8. Sarcoplasmic reticulum 9. Terminal cisternae 10. Myofibril 11. Myofilament 12. Thick fimalment 13. Thin filament 14. Acitn 15. Myosin 16. Action potential 17. Crossbridge cycle 18. Excitation-contraction coupling 19. Sliding filament mechanism 20. Length-tension relationship 21. Zone of overlap 22. Troponin 23. Tropomyosin 24. Tendon 25. Ligament 26. Aponeurosis 27. Motor end plate 28. Neuromuscluar junction 29. Sarcomere 30. Origin 31. Insertion Part II 1. Number the following events of skeletal muscle contraction in the proper order, with number 1 for the first event and number 9 for the last event. ____ Actin binds to myosin, and a power stroke occurs as ADP and Pi dissociate from myosin. ____ The terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum release calcium ions into the sarcoplasm because of the action potential. ____ The energy from ATP hydrolysis “cocks” the myosin crossbridge into an upright position. ____The sarcoplasmic reticulum removes calcium ions from the sarcoplasm, and tropomyosin returns to its original position. ____ Acetylcholinesterase degrades acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. ____ Calcium ions bind to receptors on the motor end plate and opens cation channels. ____ Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the motor end plate and opens cation channels. ____ ATP binds and causes the actin and myosin to dissociate from one another, after which it is hydrolyzed and myosin is recocked. The cycle repeats. ____Sodium ions flood the sarcoplasm and initate an action potential that spreads along the sarcolemma and into the muscle fiber along the T-tubules. 2. The drug Botox is made from the toxin of the bacterium Clostridium boutlinum. It is injected subdermally to minimize fine lines and creases in the face. The toxin prevents motor neurons from releasing acetylcholine. How would this produce the desired cosmetic results? What could happen if this toxin were absorbed systemically? 3. You are at the gym with a friend who complains that she cannot lift as much weight on a new machine as she could on the old machine. You examine the machine and note that the starting position for the exercise puts your friend’s muscles in a stretched position. How does this explain her seeming loss of strength?