Download Muscular System Unit Test Study Guide

Muscular System Unit Test Study Guide-Honors Physio
Chapter 8(Pages 196-236)
Use the class website for Powerpoints from class
Topics that will be tested:
1. Muscle Structure:
A. Connective Tissue of muscle—Epimysium, Perimysium, and Endomysium
B. Macroscopic Structure of Muscle-Fiber, Fascicle, and Muscle Body
C. Microscopic Structure of Muscle- Sarcolemma, Sarcoplasm, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum, Ttubules, Myofibril, Filaments(Actin and Myosin), Sarcomere, Neuromuscular Junction
2. Physiology of Muscle Fiber Contraction
A. 7 steps to muscle contraction
1. Nervous message down the Motor Neuron
2. Acetycholine crosses the Neuromuscular Junction
3. Impulse travels through T-tubules to Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and Calcium is
released.
4. Calcium binds to Troponin(on the Actin)
5. Myosin binding sites are exposed on Actin
6. Myosin cross-bridges grab Actin Complex
7. ATP powers the “pull” of the Myosin cross-bridges and release
3. Movement
A. Origin and Insertion, tendon
B. Antagonistic and Synergistic Muscles
C. Major Muscles of the Body
a. Head and Neck(frontalis, masseter, orbicularis Occuli, orbicularis Oris)
b. Upper Limb(Pectoralis Major, Trapezius, Deltoid, Lattisimus Dorsi, Serratus Anterior,
Triceps Brachii, Biceps Brachii, Extensor and flexor Carpi Groups)
c. Lower Limb(Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Quadriceps Femoris, Adductor
Longus, Sartorius, Tibialis Anterior, Gastrocnemius)
d. Trunk(External intercostals, Internal Intercostals, External and Internal Obliques,
Rectus Abdominus)
4. Potential Free Response Questions
a. Describe the mechanism of muscle contraction. Be sure to include the neuromuscular
junction and the sliding filament theory.
b. Describe at least two ways in which the muscular system aids in homeostasis.