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Unit 3, Key Area 4: What you should know 1. Humans are social animals and _________________ with one another throughout life by means of signs and signals. 2. The strong emotional tie that binds a baby to the mother is called __________________________. 3. Early infant attachment allows ___________________ to be laid for the development of __________________ relationships later in life. 4. Securely attached infants are likely to __________________ their environment which helps them to develop their _________________ skills; insecurely attached infants, __________________ of normal social contact, tend to suffer long-lasting ill effects. 5. The period of _________________ of children on adults is lengthy and provides the basis for the development of social, __________________ and intellectual skills. 6. Compared with authoritarian and permissive control of children, ___________________ control normally produces adults with greater social ______________________. 7. People communicate by verbal and _________________ means. 8. Adults communicate non-verbally by employing facial expressions, eye ______________, postures and touching to express attitudes and __________________. 9. Adults communicate _______________________ by using language that allows information to be transferred from generation to generation, thereby accelerating ___________________ and the development of culture and social evolution. 10. Once a _______________ skill has been mastered, its repeated use results in the establishment of a motor _________________. 11. Most people learn a new task more quickly by ___________________ an expert then by following written instructions. 12. During trial-and-error learning, animals are ___________________ to learn by factors such as hunger and thirst. 13. _____________________ is the process that makes an animal tend to repeat a certain piece of behaviour. 14. ____________________ is the process by which a desired pattern of behaviour is eventually obtained from the learner by the trainer reinforcing successive approximations of a desired _________________. 15. _____________________ is the eventual disappearance of a behaviour pattern when it is no longer reinforced. 16. Most people belong to one or more social __________________ of different types and size. 17. In general, individuals are found to perform familiar tasks better in _______________________ situations then on their own. This process is called social _______________________. 18. ___________________ occurs when an individual undergoes loss of personal ___________________ and is unable to resist going along with the behaviour regardless of whether it is acceptable or not. 19. ______________________ is the process by which an individual incorporates within her/ himself a set of _________________. 20. During _____________________, individuals deliberately change their beliefs to try to be like some other person whom they strongly admire. o o o o o o o o o Attachment Authoritative Beliefs Cognitive Communicate Competence Competitive Contact Deindividuati on o Dependency o Deprived o o o o o o o o o o o Emotions Explore Extinction Facilitation Foundations Groups Identificatio n Identity Imitating Internalisati on Learning o o o o o o o o o o o Linguistic Motivated Motor Non-verbal Pathway Reinforcement Response Shaping Signals Stable Verbally