Download We found evidence for rapid evolution in grassland species at both a

Evidence for Rapid Evolution in Grasslands
Sofia van Moorsel , Niels Wagemaker , Philippine Vergeer , Terhi Hahl , Debra Zuppinger-Dingley and Bernhard Schmid
1
2
3
1
1
1
Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
1
Between species
variation in biomass
B
4.2
Within species
variation in biomass
2.5
Residual mean squares (biomass)
0.40
2.0
Mean squares (biomass)
Our results show selection for monoculture and mixture types ocurred.
Plants with a selection history in
mixtures performed better than
plants with a selection history in
monoculture A and showed higher
between species variation B in newly
assembled mixtures.
A
3.8
Productivity [g]
We tested whether selection for
monoculture and mixture types
occured at an epigenetic and/or
genetic level in nine plant species
growing in mixtures and monocultures for 12 years.
Biodiversity effects for
community biomass
1.5
3.4
1.0
3.0
0.5
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
Plants within species could be
classified from either monoculture
or mixture selection history based on
their methylation pattern and single
nucleotide polymorphisms using
epiGBS (van Gurp et al., 2015). C
Monoculture
Mixture
Mixture
Assembly
Selection histories:
C
Mixture
Monoculture
Assembly
Monoculture
Prunella vulgaris
Mixture
None
Plantago lanceolata
Epigenetic
Individual mono1
Individual mono2
Individual mono5
Individual mix4
Individual mono3
Individual mono4
Individual mix1
Individual mix3
Individual mix2
Individual mix6
Individual mono6
Individual mix5
Genetic distance
Individual mix4
Individual mix2
Individual mix1
Individual mix3
Individual mono2
Individual mono6
Individual mono4
Individual mono3
Individual mono5
Individual mono1
Genetic
Individual mix6
touch!
sofi[email protected]
@sofiavanmoorsel
NMDS dimension 1
Individual mix5
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NMDS dimension 2
NMDS dimension 1
Genetic distance
The next step is to examine which
driver is stronger and how these
changes relate to phenotypic differences within species.
NMDS dimension 2
We found evidence
for rapid evolution in
grassland species at
both a genetic and
epigenetic level!
Selection histories:
Mixture
Monoculture
We would like to thank the SNF for funding and the ESF Congenomics Network for a travel grant. The bioinformatics was
performed by Thomas van Gurp. A big thanks goes to D. Trujillo, M. Furler and D. Topalovic for technical assistance in the
greenhouse and field. We are also grateful to N. Castro. E. De Luca, M. Brezzi and T. Vogler for their help and the URPP
GCB network for scientific support.