Download Biophysics

BIOPHYSICS
Coursework of „Biophysics” includes biophysics of human and elements of medical physics. In
general biophysics is an interdisciplinary branch of science which develops at the border of physics,
chemistry, biology and medical sciences. It employs physical methods and techniques to study
phenomena taking place in living organisms at all levels of their organization, from the micro to the
macro scale, from molecules to cells and whole organisms. Medical physics means application of
physical phenomena and physical methods and techniques (e.g. ultrasounds, light, laser, ionizing
radiation, nuclear resonance) in medical diagnosis and therapy.
TEACHERS:
 Prof. dr hab. Stefan Kruszewski
 dr Małgorzata Pyskir
 dr Blanka Ziomkowska
CONTACT: dr Blanka Ziomkowska [email protected]
SYLABUS
I.
Name of the unit offering the course: Department of Biophysics
II.
Head of the Unit/ Course coordinator: prof. dr hab. Bronisław Grzegorzewski
III. 1st year, number of hours: 50
IV. Form of the classes: lectures: 25, tutorials: 25
V.
Form of crediting: exam
VI. Number of ECTS points: 5
VII. Topic of classes:
Semester I
Introduction. What is Biophysics. Thermodynamic system. Enthalpy. Entropy. Free energy, free
enthalpy. Chemical potential. Phenomena of mass transport. Diffusion, diffusion through the
membrane, osmosis.
Electrochemical potential. Electrode potential, diffusion potential, membrane potential. Donnan
equilibrium. Nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Stationary state. Energy dissipation. Colloidal
solutions.
Cell membrane, transmembrane transport. Resting potential. Electric model of cell membrane.
Action potential.
Elastic properties, Hook's law. Elements of biomechanics. Mechanism of lung ventilation.
Fluid flow, equation of continuity. Bernoulli’s principle. Viscosity. Newtonian fluid, viscoelastic fluids.
Turbulent motion of fluids. Vessel resistance. Surface tension, Laplace principal. Viscosity of blood.
Erythrocyte deformability. Erythrocyte aggregation.
Vibration, acoustic wave. Impedance. Reflection coefficient. Sound features. Equal loudness contour,
threshold of hearing, sound intensity level, loudness level.
Auditory system. Mechanical model of the middle ear. Cochlear amplifier. Loudness perception,
frequency selectivity, pitch perception. Hearing loss. Speech organs. Production of speech sounds.
Electricity and magnetism. Electric dipole. Circulatory system. Cardiac energetic. Properties of blood
vessels. Cardiac pacemaker. Cardiac action potential. Electrocardiography. Einthoven lead.
Electromagnetic wave. Optical fiber. Optical systems. Optical instruments. Microscopic techniques.
Resolving power of microscope. Light scattering. Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering, dynamic light
scattering.
Lasers in medicine. Absorption of radiation in tissue. Penetration depth of radiation in tissue.
Optical layout of the eye, resolving power of eye, defects of vision. Vision process. Illumination units.
Nuclear forces. Radioactive decay. Ionizing radiation. Detection of nuclear radiation. Harmful effects
of ionic radiation. Radiation protection.
The influence of physical factors on organism. Mechanical, thermal, electric and magnetic factors.
Physical basis of selected therapeutic techniques: ultrasound and irradiation.
Doppler measurement of blood flow, ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance
imaging. Single photon emission tomography SPECT, Positron emission tomography PET.
Semester I
Students perform the assigned practice, which were chosen from the following list:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Transmembrane transport: diffusion, osmosis
The Lambert-Beer law
Fluid flow analysis
Viscosity
Electric model of cell
Spectral analysis of sound
Audiometry
Microwave analysis
Magnetic fields analysis
Elements of biomechanics
Physical basis of electrocardiography
Microscope
Optical basis of correction of vision defects
Absorption of gamma radiation.
IX. Booklist
1. Davidovits P.: Physics in Biology and Medicine, Academic Press
2. Giancoli D.C.: Physics. Principles with applications, Pearson Education, Inc.
3. .Kubisz L. (ed): Elements of medical biophysics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
4. Kirk T.: Physics for the IB diploma, Oxford University Press
5. Tsokos K.A.: Physics for the IB diploma, Cambridge University Press
RULES AND REGULATIONS
The aims of the laboratory
1. The biophysics laboratory for students, still referred to as “laboratory”, is an organized teaching
facility in the biophysics department of CM UMK.
2. The aim of the laboratory is to introduce students to the commonly encountered measuring
apparatus, development of a naturalistic understanding of phenomena’s, logical observations and
facts recollection as well as the development of a critical view on the outcomes of measurements.
3. The above aims are to be executed by students individually conducting experiments.
The course of classes in the laboratory.
1. The experiments in the laboratory are performed according to the course of study.
2. Classes are forerun with an introduction, during which regulations, experiment assignment,
methods of data collection and processing are discussed. Safety training is carried out.
3. Experiments curriculum, theoretical knowledge requirements and literature suggestions are on
the board of announcements in the department of biophysics.
4. A student is expected to realize 6 experiments, take a test and come up with measurement
results and write lab report.
5. Every experiment is realized by two students simultaneously.
6. To every experiment a student has to prepare theoretical knowledge. Preparation will be tested
by the tutor during the experiment.
Attention! In case of unfamiliarity with the material needed for safe and secure performance of the
given
experiment,
the
tutor
has
the
right
to
abort
the
experiment
undertaken.
7. A student has to get a pass every experiment undertaken. The complete passing of an
experiment is determined by the tutor on the bases of tests, work during class and compiled
results.
Information about the need of lab report correction is up to the tutor. Every correction is to be
realized in the laboratory. It is not allowed to take any work home!
8. A complete experiment in the lab covers:
*Entrance to the lab: a student is obliged to show his tutor a written compilation of the theoretical
part, and to pick up his experimental card.
*Carrying out the experiment
A thorough familiarization with the instructions to the exercise undertaken.
Turning on the measuring devices, taking measurements and filling out a
experimental card. Results should be written in either pen or fountain pen (not in
pencil!)
Data processing on a experimental card.
* Finishing your work in the laboratory includes:
Tidying up your workplace.
Returning an lab report.
If student doesn't manage to prepare the lab report during classes, he should return it unfinished. It
can be finished in the appointed week. Student can also finish them during next classes in the
laboratory.
9. Student can only pass and conduct experiments according to his group's schedule.
10.The longest acceptable late-coming is 15 minutes. After this time, student cannot participate in
classes.
11.Experiment
conducted
not
individually
is
not
treated
as
completed.
12. All the absences must be excused at the group's tutor. Tutor sets a new date for conducting
particular experiment.
13. Conditions of getting pass the laboratory work are the following: passing all the tests, carrying
out indicated experiments and elaborating their results.
Order regulations.
1. All operations during setting the devices should be conducted individually. Turning on electricity
sources without having it controlled by the tutor is not allowed.
2. While carrying out experiments all safety rules must be obeyed permanently.
3. Student takes material responsibility for all the damages caused in the laboratory from his own
fault.
4. The workplace, after carrying out the experiments, should be left in its initial state.
5. Eating in the laboratory is forbidden.
6. Using mobile phones in the laboratory is forbidden.