Download Imaging with Ionising Radiation (IIR)

Introductions
Joe Spoor
1st year
STP trainee
Lauren
Slater
1st year
STP trainee
Grace Keane
3rd year
STP trainee
Dr Darren
Thompson
3rd year
STP trainee
Dr Emma
Bowers
Training
Coordinator
Talk about:
NTC
Blended
learning
Master’s
Programme
Radiation Safety
Grace Keane
Trainee Clinical Scientist
Medical Physics
Contents
• About Me
• Radiation Safety
–
–
–
–
Radiation safety then and now
Competencies
Radiation Risks
Patient Dose audit
About Me
University of York (2010 – 2013)
BSc Hons Physics
•Talk given by an STP Trainee
•Background reading on the scheme
•Open days
•2 weeks work experience at Newcastle Hospitals NHS Trust
•Recruited onto STP as a medical physics
trainee at Newcastle
•Started training in September 2013
•Completed the first 6 week teaching block at
Newcastle University
•In the midst of my second rotation
Radiation Safety
‘3 million CT scans per year…’
Cancer risks from DR, The British Journal of
Radiology, 81 (2008), 362–378
Radiation Safety
Radiation
Safety
Competencies
•Undertake room design from first principles for a
diagnostic X-ray facility and surgical laser facility
•Identify and plan an exercise to rehearse
contingency plans (e.g. contamination incident,
loss of source).
•Undertake measurements to
assess patient dose and image
quality
•Analyse recent radiation incidents
and summarise the types and
causes of incidents
Radiation Risks
Average annual risk of death in the UK from accidents in various industries and cancers
Potentially induced in radiation workers
Industries
Risk of death per year
Fishing
1 in 800
Construction
1 in 10,000
Clothing and Footwear
1 in 250,000
Coal Mining
1 in 6000
Radiation workers
1 in 57,000
Patient Dose Audit
‘ Participate in or review patient dose audit data
and compare and contrast against national standards …’
Patient Dose Audit
Thanks for listening
&
Good luck!
Imaging with Ionising
Radiation (IIR)
Joe Spoor
Who am I?
• I am a 1st year Scientist Training Programme
(STP) trainee
• I am 30 years old and prior to joining the STP
was a physics teacher for 7 years
• Medical physics has the right blend of the
application of physics and benefit to the public
Day-to-Day on placement*
Do something
medical physic-sy
that is related to one
or more competency
* Advisory note – you have to do
a few other bits and bobs as well
e.g. write university essays
Write it up
Submit it to OLAT to
get it “signed off”
Imaging with Ionising
Radiation: Nuclear Medicine
• Nuclear Medicine involves injecting radioactive isotopes into the body and using
a gamma camera to record where they go
• Functional imaging produces images that indicate the biological processes in the
body
• Treatments can also be administered in Nuclear Medicine e.g. Iodine can be
used to treat thyroid cancer
Examples of rotation activities (nuclear medicine):
Preparing
radioactive
samples:
Write case studies
of patient scans:
Investigating
gamma camera
parameters using
various phantoms:
Perform quality control
(QC) testing on
equipment:
Imaging with Ionising
Radiation: Diagnostic
Radiology
• Diagnostic Radiology is basically imaging using x-rays
• You can use contrast agents to image soft tissue
• CT scanners generate images of slices through the body
• Combining Nuclear Medicine and CT produces fancy
PET/CT images
Examples of rotation activities (diagnostic radiology):
Consider safety,
e.g. x-ray room
design:
Performing QC on
equipment:
Investigating settings
on imaging quality:
Radiotherapy
Darren Thompson
3rd year STP Trainee
Radiotherapy Physics
My background
• BSc Physics w/ Astrophysics
• MSc Medical Physics
• PhD Medical Image Processing
– Included hospital experience
What is Radiotherapy?
Cell Death
Repair
Carcinogenesis
Radiobiology
1.E+00
1.2
d/# = 2 Gy
1.E-01
1
Fractionated
1.E-02
Survival Probability
Probability
0.8
Single dose
Tumour
Control
1.E-03
0.6
Normal Tissue
Complications
1.E-04
0.4
1.E-05
tumour/early ---------
0.2
normal/late ________
0.0
𝑆𝐹 =𝑆𝐹
𝑒 −𝐷(𝛼+𝛽𝑑)
=40.0𝑒 −𝐷(𝛼+𝛽𝑑)
20.0
60.0
1.E-07
Dose [Gy]
1.E-06
0
0
2
4
6
8
80.0
10
12
Dose (Gy)
100.0
14
120.0
16
18
20
Planning and Delivering Radiotherapy
Machines
Proton and Heavy ion therapies