Download Dominantаннаallele that is always shown in the phenotype, never

Dominant ­­ allele that is always shown in the phenotype,
never hidden
Recessive ­­ allele that can be hidden in phenotype by
dominant trait
phenotype ­­ physical display of a trait
genotype ­­ actual genetic makeup
homozygous ­­ both alleles are the same (TT or tt)
heterozygous ­­ alleles are different (Tt)
chromosomes ­­ bundles of genes (humans have 23
pairs)
sex chromosomes ­­ determine gender (XX is female, XY
is male)
autosome ­­ chromosome that isn't X or Y
cross ­­ to breed the 2 rabbits
gene ­­ part of DNA that codes for one trait
answers to whole study guide:
Genetics Study Guide
Vocabulary/abbreviations you should know:
1. Dominant ­­ gene that will dominate the recessive gene,
will hide it if in heterozygous genotype
2. Recessive ­­ gene that is dominated by the dominant
gene, will be hidden by the other
3. Phenotype ­­ physical display or expression of trait
4. Genotype ­­ actual make­up of genes (TT, Tt, etc.)
5. Homozygous ­­ both alleles are same (TT, tt)
6. Heterozygous ­­ 2 different alleles (Tt)
7. Chromosomes ­­ extremely long molecule of DNA,
humans have 23 pairs of these
8. Sex chromosomes ­­ X and Y chromosomes, ones
that determine gender
9. XX ­­ female 10. XY ­­ male
11. Autosome ­­ non­sex chromosome
12. Punnett square ­­ tool for predicting likelihood of
offspring having certain traits
14. Sex­linked (or X­linked) trait ­­ trait on X chromosome,
recessive allele more likely to be displayed by male than
female (because female needs to receive 2 X's with
recessive gene and male only needs to receive one)
15. Cross (as in cross a brown rabbit with a white rabbit)
­­ produces offspring
16. TT, Tt, tt ­­ homozygous dominant, heterozygous,
homozygous recessive
17. Gene ­­ segment of DNA, codes for single protein
18. Carrier ­­ individual who has one copy of recessive
allele (usually one that codes for a disease or bad trait);
heterozygous so does not display recessive trait
19. II 5 (use of Roman and Arabic numerals to identify
individuals in pedigrees) ­­ this means 2nd generation, 5th
person born in that generation (like in the packet we
looked at on Tuesday)
20. Gregor Mendel ­­ Austrian monk who worked with pea
plants, first to identify and describe laws of genetics
21. Law of independent assortment ­­ describes the fact
that most genes are inherited separately or independently
22. Law of segregation ­­ describes fact that in formation
of gametes, each pair of chromosomes separates;
different alleles separate so Hh mother can pass on either
H or h, but not both
23. Allele ­­ different "choices" or version of same gene ­­
like blue or brown eyes
24. Gamete – sex cell, egg or sperm
26. Zygote ­­ fertilized egg, can grow into new individual
30. Why can’t we predict exactly how many males and
how many females will be in any litter of puppies?
can only predict using probabilities from Punnett square,
cannot predict with 100% certainty what will happen
Also, be able to work problems using Punnett squares.
You should be able to calculate probabilities (chances) of
each phenotype and genotype in offspring.