Download First Semester Final Exam Study Guide

Vista Murrieta High School
CP Biology
G. Nicholas
First Semester Final Exam Study Guide
What is a hydrocarbon?
What is an enzyme?
What are the four major macromolecules that make up all living things?
What is a polar molecule?
What is a non-polar molecule?
What is the dependant variable?
What is the independent variable?
List the steps of the scientific method
Compare and contrast a theory to a hypothesis
What is homeostasis?
Why is it important to be able to reproduce experimental results?
How is a control used in an experiment?
What is the advantage of using a light microscope?
What is the difference between a TEM and a SEM?
What is the difference between an atom and an element?
What is a compound?
What is a saccharide?
What does the structure of an enzyme have to do with how it works?
What is the active site of an enzyme for?
What is a lipid?
What is a carbohydrate?
How do pH and heat affect enzymes?
What do amino acids and polypeptides have in common?
What is the difference between nucleic acids and amino acids?
What is the difference between an element and a molecule?
Define hydrogen bond, covalent bond, and ionic bond.
What type of bond holds proteins in their specific shape?
What is the difference between a solvent and a solute?
What does pH, acid, and base have to do with each other?
What is a monomer?
What is a polymer?
Compare exothermic reactions with endothermic reactions
What is a catalyst?
What type of organisms have cell walls?
What type of organisms do not have cell walls?
What is meant by a protein/lipid bilayer, and where would you find one?
What type of organisms are represented by prokaryotes?
What do the words enzyme and substrate have in common?
What does the term semipermeable mean?
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
What is the function of the proteins embedded in the plasma membrane?
Explain the terms active transport and passive transport.
Describe what would happen to a plant cell placed in isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic
solutions.
What would happen to an animal cell placed in isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic
solutions.
Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Compare and contrast plant and animals cells.
What are organelles?
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Explain the difference between rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic
reticulum.
What does the golgi apparatus do?
What two things are the smooth endoplasmic reticulum responsible for?
What is a wavelength?
What is the definition of a wave?
What is the difference between wavelength and wave frequency?
What is meant by the amplitude of a wave?
What is the advantage of using a light microscope?
How does a TEM (transmission electron microscope) work?
How does a SEM (scanning electron microscope) work?
Why do electron microscopes have better resolution than light microscopes?
What does resolution mean?
Why is it easier to see things with blue light than with red light?
What are all living things made of?
What is the structure and function of a chloroplast?
What is the structure and function of a mitochondria?
What is the structure and function of a nucleus?
What is the structure and function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the structure and function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
What is mitosis?
What is cytokinesis?
What happens during interphase?
What happens during prophase?
What happens during anaphase?
What happens during metaphase?
What happens during telophase?
What happens during cytokinesis?
What is a chromosome?
What is binary fission?
Describe asexual reproduction
What is the advantage to sexual reproduction?
What is a centromere?
What is the cell cycle?
What is a histone?
What is the advantage of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?
What is meant by a concentration gradient?
Describe osmosis.
Describe photosynthesis
Compare and contrast the light reaction of photosynthesis to the light independent
reaction
What is the role of chloroplast?
What is a pigment?
What is the difference between lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation?
Define anaerobic respiration
What is a facultative anaerobe?
What are the three steps of aerobic respiration?
What is the difference between ATP and ADP?
What photosystem is oxygen released in?
What is the main purpose of glycolysis?
What is the main purpose of the Krebs Cycle?
What is the main purpose of the Electron Transport Chain?
What is chemosynthesis?
Describe transcription
Describe translation
What is meant by semi-conservative DNA replication?
What is mRNA used for?
What is tRNA use for?
What is the difference between rRNA and a ribosome?
What is a codon?
What is the start codon?
What is a nucleotide?
What is the difference between and point mutation and a frame shift mutation?
Where would you find the anticodon?
Why is the anticodon necessary?
What does RNA stand for?
What does DNA stand for?
What shape is prokaryotic DNA?
What shape is eukaryotic DNA?
What is the relationship between guanine, cytosine, adenine, and uracil?
What is the relationship between guanine, cytosine, adenine, and thymine?
How do the bases pair in DNA?
How do the bases pair in RNA?
What is a purine?
What is a pyrimidine?
What is the relationship between DNA, RNA, codons, amino acids, and proteins?
What is the difference between a protein and an polypeptide?
What usually happens to proteins made from free floating ribosomes?
What usually happens to proteins made from ribosomes on the RER?
If a DNA sample had 200 adenines, how many thymines would also be present?
What organelle is responsible for containing nucleic acids?
In which organelle are RNA’s made?
Where does DNA replication take place?