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Practice Questions for Lecture 1
Geology 1200
Use these questions to test your knowledge of Lecture 1. Answer these as
you read the text before lecture. Fill in blanks during lecture. You are
responsible for printing out all subsequent homework. The last section is a
graded assignment.
A. Short answer:
1. Earth is about ______ billion years (by) old, the moon _____ by, the
universe about _____ billion years old.
2. James Hutton (1726-1797) proposed that geologic processes in the past
proceed as they do in modern times, a hypothesis called _______________.
This theory was the opposite of a catastrophic view of earth's history.
3. Convection cells in the mantle are principally responsible for plate
movements. Oceanic plates are pulled apart at the _____- ______ ridges, and
are recycled into the mantle at ____________ zones.
4. Under the lithosphere is the ___________, a zone of heat softened rock
located in the upper mantle. It actually flows slowly. The lithosphere is the
________ and the cold brittle uppermost mantle.
5. The radius of Earth is roughly ______ miles, the diameter twice as much,
the circumference about 25000 miles at the equator.
6. About 65 million years (my) ago a large meteorite hit earth, causing many
extinctions. All of the ___________ became extinct, unless you count their
relatives, the birds.
7. Karl ______ suggested all science hypotheses must be falsifiable. The
paradigm view of science was formulated by philosopher Thomas
________. The first really useful and widely accepted geology paradigm
began with a suggestion by Princeton Professor Harry ______, based on
ideas by Francis Bacon, Benjamin Franklin, Alfred Wegener, and Arthur
Holmes. Harry's idea was popularly called Sea-Floor _________, and
formed the basis of modern Plate __________.
B. Match the terms
1. Igneous
_____
a. made of Iron and Nickel
2. Andes Volcanoes ______
b. Mantle
3. Layer beneath Crust ____
c. From molten rock
4. Core ____
d. Evidence of subduction
5. The Red Sea ____
e. Continents collided
6. Appalachian Mountains _____
f. Flooded Rift Valley
7. Asthenosphere ______
g. hot mantle layer; flows
C. True or False?
1. Many extinctions occurred about 65 million years ago. True or False?
2. Many scientists believe a large meteorite struck the Earth at the end of
the Cretaceous, raising a dust cloud that blotted out the sun and killed
many plants large animals needed for food. True or False?
3. During the Earth's first 10 to 20 million years, the planets internal
temperature rose to the melting point of iron. True or False?
4. The innermost of the concentric layers of the Earth, the Core, is mostly
made of silicate minerals. True or False?
5. Devonian sediments are younger than Cretaceous sediments. True or
False? (Hint: see
http://www.kean.edu/~csmart/Lectures/Time%20Scale%20doc.JPG instructions
below.)
6. The San Andreas Fault is an example of a transform boundary between
the North American and Pacific Plates. True or False?
7. Partial melting near a subducting plate creates a magma (molten rock)
that may rise to form volcanoes. True or False?
D. Multiple choice:
1. Earth became separated into three major concentric layers, in a process
called:
a. isolation
b. aggregation
c. differentiation
d. migration
2. Ocean crust, made of Basalt and its course grained equivalents, has
a. lower density than continental crust
b. higher density than continental crust
c. the same density as continental crust
3. The Great Rift Valley of East Africa contains
a.
b.
c.
d.
divergent plate boundaries
basalt rock from lava flows
stream and lake sediments
All of the above
4. The Rift Valley that our campus sits on
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
is late Triassic and early Jurassic in age
extends from New England to Alabama
is the western margin of the rift that opened the Atlantic
contain the same rocks and fossils as similar rocks in Morocco
contain red shales with occasional dinosaur footprints
contain basalt rock formed from lava flows in a rift valley
All of the above (this is the answer)
E. Mixed Format Using the plate tectonics model, draw a sketch to answer
the following:
1. Explain how folded and faulted mountain chains such as the Himalayas
are formed. (Hint: This is a continent-continent collision boundary)
2. Explain why there is a long undersea mountain range (the mid-ocean
ridge) between, for example, South America and Africa in the southern
Atlantic. (Hint: this is a divergent boundary)
3. Explain why there is a long volcanic mountain range, called the Andes,
along the west coast of South America. (Hint: this is an ocean -continent
collision boundary)
F. Complete these tasks:
1. Computer skills, access and capability, following instructions precisely.
a. Send an e-mail to [email protected] by 5pm tomorrow. Use an e-mail
address you check daily. The subject line MUST be Geology 1200. The
body (the message) must include your name.
b. Browse to http://www.kean.edu/~csmart/Lectures/ Open and print out
the next homework, Practice02_3.doc. Bring it to class.
2. Notes capability. Purchase and bring to the next class a dedicated
notebook (just this subject). COPY today's notes into this notebook.
Handwritten, no photocopies.
3. Geologic Time Scale. Browse to http://www.kean.edu/~csmart/Lectures/
Note the capital L in /Lectures. Open and print Time Scale doc.JPG
doc.JPG. Copy it, by hand, into your new notebook. Begin memorizing it.
4. Purchase your text and bring it to the next class.