Download tomographic image

RADIOLOGY
As Clinical Anatomy
Speaker note
Dr Mohamed El Safwany, MD.
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Intended learning outcome
 The student should learn at the end of this
lecture Clinical Radiological Anatomy .
Intended Learning
Outcomes
 Understand basics of image
generation.
 Relate imaging to gross
anatomy.
 See clinical relationship to basic
science.
 Appreciate constraints and
limitations.
 Develop imaging vocabulary.
WHAT IS RADIOLOGY?
 Medical specialty that
supervises and interprets
imaging studies.
 Reports findings to
referring physicians.
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RADIOLOGIST ROLE
 Separate: Normal from Abnormal
 Characterize / Describe: Abnormality
 Determine: Extent (stage) of disease
 Suggest: Diagnosis / Differential
 Recommend: Further exams / follow-up
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X-RAY
 Discovered and named by
Dr. W. C. Röentgen at
University of Würzburg, 1895
 Awarded first Nobel prize for
physics, 1901
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PROJECTION
-VSTOMOGRAPHIC IMAGE
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FOOT
AP PROJECTION
(ANTERIOR - POSTERIOR)
RT
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LATERAL FOOT
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TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES
ARE
IN A SPECIFIC PLANE
AXIAL
RT
CORONAL
SAGITTAL
RT
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CT- HEAD
RT
CT REFERENCE FILM
Skull / brain
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RADIOLOGY TOOLS
X- RAY
ULTRASOUND
NUCLEAR MEDICINE
MAGNETIC RESONANCE
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
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HOW IS IMAGING DONE?
 IONIZING RADIATION
X-ray, CT, Nuclear Medicine
 SOUND WAVES
Ultrasound
 MAGNETIC FIELDS / RADIO WAVES
Magnetic Resonance
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X- RAY
 High Energy Photon
--Kilo Electron Volts
 Ionizing Radiation
 Exposes Film / Detector
 Projection Data
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X-RAYS
PLAIN FILM RADIOGRAPHY
 Chest
 Mammography
 Abdomen
 Spine
 Extremities & Joints
 Skull
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X - RAY --- FOUR BASIC DENSITIES
 Air
 Soft Tissue
 Fat
 Bone
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CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY
 Injection, ingestion, or other
placement of opaque material within
the body.
 Improves visualization and tissue
separation.
 Can demonstrate functional anatomy
and pathology.
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UPPER GI--(GASTRO INTESTINAL)
STOMACH
ORAL BARIUM CONTRAST
WITHOUT CONTRAST-plain or
scout film
COLON
BARIUM ENEMA
RECTAL BARIUM CONTRAST
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INTRAVENOUS PYELOGRAM – IVP
INTRAVENOUS IODINE CONTRAST
WITHOUT CONTRAST-plain or
scout film
ARTERIOGRAM
INTRAARTERIAL IODINE CONTRAST
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COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
 HIGH ENERGY PHOTON
 IONIZING RADIATION
 EXPOSES DETECTOR
 TOMOGRAPHIC DATA
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CT EXAMPLE
RT
NUCLEAR MEDICINE
 High Energy Photon
 Ionizing Radiation
--Radiopharmaceutical
 Exposes Detector
 Projection Data
 Dynamic / Physiologic
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NUCLEAR MEDICINE
EXAMPLES
Bone
 Hepatobiliary
Renal
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ULTRASOUND
 Sound Wave - high Frequency
 No Ionizing Radiation
 Transmitter / Receiver
 Tomographic Data
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ULTRASOUND
EXAMPLES
Gallbladder
Kidney
Obstetrics
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MAGNETIC RESONANCE
 Hydrogen Protons In a
Magnetic Field
 Radio Wave Signal
Transmission
 No Ionizing Radiation
 Tomographic Data
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MAGNETIC
RESONANCE
RT
EXAMPLES
 Brain
 Spine
 Knee
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RADIOLOGY
EVALUATION
 Multiple Choice - Identify
 Labeled Images
From Digital Film Sets And
Lecture Images
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HOSPITAL LINGO
You will hear and see these abbreviations used
frequently in the
medical community.
X- Ray
Plain Film
Scout Film
Computed Tomography
Nuclear Medicine
Ultrasound
Sono
Magnetic Resonance
Radiograph
Cat Scan
CT
Nuc Med
Sonogram
MR
MRI
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SUMMARY

TOMOGRAPHY- VS- PROJECTION IMAGES

SECTION PLANES
AXIAL
CORONAL
SAGITTAL

IMAGE GENERATION OF:
Nuclear Medicine
Computed Tomography
Ultrasound
X-ray
Magnetic Resonance
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Text Book
 David Sutton’s Radiology
 Clark’s Radiographic positioning and
techniques
Assignment
 Two students will be selected for assignment.
Question
 Define tomographic planes?
Thank You
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