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Cellular Respiration Essential Question: The Basics • Both consumers and produces use cellular respiration to release energy from glucose and then store it in a more usable form. • All of these chemical reactions are metabolic Formula C6H1206 + 6O2 →6CO2 +6H2O + ENERGY Ways to Transform Energy • Aerobic = requires oxygen • Anaerobic = doesn’t require oxygen Mitochondria • Organelle that transforms energy from food into ATP • Has inner membranes that are folded called cristae. • The more mitochondria in a cell, the more metabolism the cell carries out (example- muscle cells) How It Works • Glycolysis • Kreb Cycle • Electron Transport Chain Glycolysis • A chemical reaction that breaks down glucose into 2 three carbon molecules called pyruvate. • The cell will use 2 ATP molecule to do this. • During the creation of pyruvate, 4 ATP molecules are made, BUT 2 were spent on breaking down glucose, SO the grand total of ATP molecules gained is 2. Kreb Cycle • Pyruvate moves into the mitochondria and is broken down into acetyl coenzyme A and carbon dioxide is released. • Acetyl coenzyme A bonds to another compound to make citric acid. • Citric acid enters a cycle of chemical reactions that breaks the compound down in a series of steps releasing more carbon dioxide and producing high energy electrons. Electron Transport Chain • Electrons from the Kreb cycle enter the electron transport chain and are passed down the chain. • Energy from the electrons is stored in 32 ATP molecules. • Oxygen molecules accept the last electron in the chain forming water. Anaerobic Respiration • Lactic Acid Fermentation • Alcohol Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation • Lactic acid fermentation – starts with glycolysis but produces lactic acid • You experience lactic acid build up when you exercise. • Some bacteria produce lactic acid and is used to make certain foods like cheese and pickles. Alcohol Fermentation • Starts with glycolysis but produces ethyl alcohol • Yeast and fungus have been used to produce many foods and beverages such as bread and alcohol. Summary:
