Download 1.8-Drugs

Unit 1: Factors affecting performance
1.7: Drugs
LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs
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Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson students should:
Describe what is a ‘drug’.
Understand the effects that the following drugs have
on the body Stimulants, Narcotic-analgesics ,
Anabolic steroids, Diuretics, Anxiety reducing drugs,
Peptide hormones and analogues
 Understand that drugs subject to certain restrictions;
alcohol, marijuana, beta blockers
 Define types of drugs and their reaction on the body:
Blood doping: Smoking; dangers and the long term
effects
 Alcohol; dangers and the long-term effects.


Assessment:
A*-C Grade = more in-depth answers and extension work
D-G Grade = answer most questions at foundation level
LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs
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Task 1: What is Doping
Drugs definition: Any chemical introduced to
the body which affects how the body works.
Doping definition: Taking a drug to improve sporting
performance.
ATHLETES TAKE DIFFERENT KINDS OF DRUGS FOR DIFFERENT REASONS
These generally include:
• To increase their performance.
• To kill pain so that they can keep going.
• To build muscles faster than they can do by training.
• To calm themselves before important events.
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LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs
Task 2: Seven Classifications of
Performance-Enhancing Drugs
Categories outlined by the International Olympic Committee (I.O.C.)
• Stimulants.
• Narcotics-Analgesics.
• Anabolic agents.
• Diuretics.
• Anxiety-reducing drugs.
• Peptides, glycoprotein hormones & analogues.
• Other drugs with restrictions.
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Task 3: Stimulants
Examples:
• Amphetamines, Ephedrine, Cocaine, Adrafanil, Coffee
(eight 250ml cups in 2 hours).
Positive Effects: Negative Effects:
• Give the athlete a ‘high’ - Increased HR & BP
• Alert & competitive - High level of strain on the body
• Affects CNS to increased reflexes - Make injuries worse
• Reduces fatigue - Acute anxiety/aggressiveness
• Addictive
Sports:
Football, Cycling, Athletics, used in long competition events
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Narcotics-Analgesics
Examples:
• Morphine, Methadone, Heroin.
Positive Effects: Negative Effects:
• Reduces pain - Injuries can get worse/become
permanent
• Masks injury or illness - Highly addictive
• Lose motor skills
• Addictive with bad withdrawal symptoms.
Sports:
• Athletics, Boxing, Contact Sports
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LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs
Anabolic Agents
Examples:
• Nandrolone, Testosterone, Stanozol, Clenbuterol,
THG (Tetrahydrogestinone).
Positive Effects: Negative Effects:
• Increased strength - Increased aggression
• Increased muscle growth - Impotence
• Increased body weight - Kidney damage
• Increased endurance - Baldness
• Can train harder and more frequently Development of gender-specific elements
• Irregular periods
Sports:
• Bodybuilding, Weightlifting, Baseball, Athletics,
Cycling
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1.8: Drugs
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Diuretics
Examples:
• Frusemide, Probencid
Positive Effects: Negative Effects:
• Rapid weight loss - Dehydration
• Masks other drugs - Cramp
• Dizziness
• Headaches
• Nausea
Sports:
• Horse racing, Boxing, Weightlifting, Gymnastics
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1.8: Drugs
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Anxiety Reducing Drugs
Examples:
• Beta-blockers
Positive Effects: Negative Effects:
• Lower HR. - Lower BP.
• Steady nerves & muscles. - Cramp.
• Calms & relaxes. - Heart failure.
Sports:
• Shooting, Archery, Tennis
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1.8: Drugs
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Peptides, hormones & analogues.
Examples:
• HGH (Human Growth Hormone), EPO (Erythropoietin)
Positive Effects: Negative Effects:
• Increase in red-blood cells. - Thickening of the blood.
• Increased muscle growth. - Increased risk of a stroke or heart problems.
• Improve fatigue coping ability. - Muscle tremors.
• Abnormal growth.
• Difficult to detect!
• Diabetes.
• Arthritis.
• Impotence.
• Oily skin & acne.
Sports:
• Cycling, Rowing, Distance Running, Cross-country Skiing
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Task 4: Other Drugs with Restrictions
Usually means they have a genuine medical use in some cases.
In order to use one of the following drugs in competition (with the exception
of alcohol) you must have a Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) certificate.
Examples:
Marijuana.
• Lowers the heart rate, reduces anxiety and steadies shaking hands.
Corticosteroids.
• Reduces pain and inflammation from injuries and inflammatory conditions
(e.g. asthma). Possible side-effects are diabetes and brittle bones.
Alcohol.
• Calms nerves. Reduce coordination, judgment and reactions. Long term
use has more serious side-effects (e.g. liver, kidney and heart failure).
Local anesthetics.
• An injection to an injured area to reduce pain.
• They may be allowed in some sports for medical purposes.
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Blood Doping
Definition: the injection of oxygenated blood into an athlete before an
event in an (illegal) attempt to enhance athletic performance
- Athletes train at high altitude to increase oxygen supply when they return
to normal altitude.
... Blood doping has the same effect.
Method:
- Inject with red blood cells.
- Take EPO to increase red blood cell count.
Advantages:
- Athletes can exercise for
longer.
- Virtually undetectable.
Disadvantages:
- Allergic reaction.
- Kidney damage.
- Blocked capillaries.
- Virus contraction (e.g. HIV, hepatitis, etc).
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1.8: Drugs
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‘Socially-accepted’ drugs
Smoking
PLAY CLIP
Affects the respiratory system.
Contains tar which blocks up alveoli.
• Harder for Gaseous exchange to occur.
Leads to alveoli collapse & stop working.
Contains addictive & poisonous drug nicotine.
Causes tightening of the blood vessels in the lungs, which slows blood flow in
the lungs.
• Gaseous exchange less efficient.
Main cause of…
• Lung & throat cancer.
• COPD. (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
• Fertility problems.
Others problems include…
• Discoloration of teeth and skin.
• Shortness of breath, rise in blood pressure.
• Costs thousands of Euros/Pounds & it’s highly addicitve!
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‘Socially-accepted’ drugs
Alcohol
Play Clip
Affects coordination, speech and judgment.
Less likely to perform an action accurately (e.g sobriety test).
Slows reaction time.
Muscles tire quicker.
Drinking before sport is very dangerous.
Causes damage to…
• Liver.
• Kidneys.
• Heart.
• Muscles.
• Brain (e.g. mental illness).
• Digestive & immune systems.
Small amounts aren’t too harmful; they’re promoted in some cases (e.g. an
infrequent glass of red wine).
BEST ADVICE: Drink in moderation, if not at all!
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Group Task
Use the Internet or your test book to provide a definition for
each of the following words:
• 6 Banned Classifications (P.A.N.D.A.S.):
• W.A.D.A.:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Peptide Hormones & Analogues
Anabolic Agents
Narcotics-Analgesics
Diuretics
Anxiety-Reducing Drugs
Stimulants
• Doping:
• Drugs:
• Blood doping:
• Socially-accepted drugs:
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Group Task
Match the activities/sports to the correct drugs. Explain why the athlete would
take this drug.
• Stimulants.
Sprinting in athletics – Stimulants, to improve speed
of muscle contraction.
• Narcotics-Analgesics. Rugby player - Analgesics, to enable player to
• Anabolic agents.
train
Shot putters/weight lifters – Anabolic
Steroids, to enable athletes to build body
• Diuretics.
weight and strength
• Anxiety-reducing drugs.
Gymnasts – Diuretics, to enable the
body to lose water and weight in order
to be lighter
Tennis – Anxiety reducing
drugs to overcome match
nerves.
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Learning Objectives
By the end of this lesson students should:
Describe what is a ‘drug’.
Understand the effects that the following drugs
have on the body Stimulants, Narcoticanalgesics , Anabolic steroids, Diuretics, Anxiety
reducing drugs, Peptide hormones and
analogues
 Understand that drugs subject to certain
restrictions; alcohol, marijuana, beta blockers
 Define types of drugs and their reaction on the
body: Blood doping: Smoking; dangers and the
long term effects
 Alcohol; dangers and the long-term effects.


Assessment:
A*-C Grade = more in-depth answers and extension work
D-G Grade = answer most questions at foundation level
LS (Unit 1) Factors affecting performance 1.8: Drugs
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