Download 6CO2 + 6H2O + light ---

Study guide
PHOTOSYNTHESIS (Chloroplast)
In plants, photosynthesis is used to convert light energy from sunlight into chemical energy (glucose). Carbon
dioxide, water, and light are used to make glucose and oxygen.
In plants, photosynthesis usually occurs in the leaves. This is where plants can get the raw materials for
photosynthesis all in one convenient location. Carbon dioxide and oxygen enter/exit the leaves through pores
called stomata. Water is delivered to the leaves from the roots through a vascular system. The chlorophyll in the
chloroplasts inside leaf cells absorbs sunlight.
COWS
GO
6CO2 + 6H2O + light ----> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Cellular Respiration (mitochondria)
Cellular respiration allows organisms to use (release) energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose (C6H12O6). The
energy in glucose is used to produce ATP. Cells use ATP to supply their energy needs. Cellular respiration is
therefore a process in which the energy in glucose is transferred to ATP.
GO
COW
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP (36)
Fermentation
When oxygen is not present eukaryotic cells use a process called fermentation and there are two types:
alcoholic fermentation which produces alcohol and CO2 and it is done by yeast (beer, bread) and lactic acid
fermentation which produces lactic acid and CO2 (our muscles after exercise). There is little gain of ATP in the
fermentation process.
Cell transport, Diffusion and Osmosis.
Diffusion The movement of particles from high to low concentration.
Osmosis The movement of water across the cell membrane. “water follows the solute”
Passive transport The movement of molecules across the cell membrane from areas of high concentration to
areas of low concentration (diffusion). It does not require energy these molecules are small: water, carbon
dioxide, oxygen potassium, sodium etc.
Active transport The movement of large molecules across the cell membrane from areas of low concentration
to areas of high concentration (against diffusion). It requires energy (ATP), these molecules are big: amino
acids, carbohydrates, proteins.
Endocytosis Endo “within” cyto “cell”. The process by which cells engulf materials inside the cell.
Exocytosis Exo “outer” cyto “cell”. The process by which cells release (secrete) materials outside the cell.
Endocytosis
Exocytosis