Download Krok-Cytology

Questions to Step (Cytology)
1. Golgi complex export substances from a cell due to the fusion of the membrane saccule with the cell
membrane. The saccule contents flows out. What process is it?
A. Exocytosis.
B. Endocytosis.
C. Active transport.
D. Facilitated diffusion.
E. All answers are false.
2. Life cycle of a cell includes the process of DNA autoreduplication. As a result of it monochromatid
chromosomes turn into bichromatid ones. What period of cell cycle does this phenomenon fall into?
A. S.
B. M.
C. G0.
D. G2.
E. G1.
3. During the postsynthetic period of mitotic cycle the synthesis of proteins – tubulines, which take
part in the mitosis formation, was destroyed. It can cause the impairment of:
A. Chromosome despiralization.
B. Chromosome spiralization.
C. Duration of mitosis.
D. Chromosome separation.
E. Cytokinesis.
4. The study of mitotic cycle phases of onion root revealed the cell, in which the chromosomes are
situated in the equatorial plane, forming a star. What of the cell mitosis is it?
A. Metaphase.
B. Anaphase.
C. Prophase.
D. Telophase.
E. Interfase.
5. Low level of albumins and fibrinogen was detected in the patient’s blood. Decreased activity of
what organelle of the liver hepatocytes can cause it?
A. Granular endoplasmatic net.
B. Mitochondrions.
C. Golgi complex.
D. Agranular endoplasmatic net.
E. Lysosomes.
6. The cell of the laboratory animal was overdoses with Roentger rays. As a result albuminous
fragments formed in the cytoplasm. What cell organoid will take part at their utilization?
A. Lysosomes.
B. Endoplasmic reticulum.
C. Ribosome.
D. Golgi complex.
E. Cells centre.
7. A tissue sample of benign tumor was studied under the electron microscope. A lot of small (15-20
nm) spherical bodies, consisting of 2 unequal subunits were detected. These are:
A. Microtubules.
B. Golgi complex.
C. Mitochondria.
D. Ribisomes.
E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
8. Oval and round organelles with double was are seen at the electron micrograph. The outer
membrane is smooth , the inner membrane folded into cristae contein enzyme ATPase synthetase.
These are:
A. Mitochondria.
B. Ribosomes.
C. Centrioles.
D. Golgi complex.
E. Lysosomes.
9. While studying maximally spiralized chromosomes of human karyotype the process of cell division
was stopped in the following phase:
A. Prophase.
B. Telophase.
C. Interphase.
D. Metaphase.
E. Anaphase.
10. While studying maximally spiralized chromosomes of human karyotype the process of cell
division was stopped in the following phase:
A. Metaphase.
B. Anaphase.
C. Interphase.
D. Prophase.
E. Telophase.
11. Moving of the daughter chromatids to the poles of the cell is observed in the mitotically dividing
cell. On what stage of the mitotic cycle is this cell?
A. Anaphase.
B. Metaphase.
C. Prophase.
D. Telophase.
E. Interfase.
12. In course of practical training students studied a stained blood smear of a mouse with bacteria
phagocyted by leukocytes. What cell organelle completes digestion of these bacteria?
A. Lysosomes.
B. Granular endoplasmic reticulum.
C. Ribosomes.
D. Mytochondrions.
E. Golgi apparatus.
13. In course of practical training students studied a stained blood smear of a mouse with bacteria
phagocyted by leucocytes. What cell organelle completes digestion of these bacteria?
A. Golgi apparatus.
B. Lisosomes.
C. Ribosomes.
D. Granular endoplasmic reticulum.
E. Mytochondrions.
14. Labeled aminoacid alanine and tryptophane were inroducted to a mouse in order to study
localization of protein biosynthesis in its cells. Around what organellas will the accumulation of
labeled aminoacids be observed?
A. Ribosomes.
B. Cell center.
C. Lysosomes.
D. Golgi apparatus.
E. Agranular endoplasmic reticulum.
15. Ultramicroscopical examination of "dark" hepatocyte population in the cell cytoplasm detected a
developed granular endoplasmic reticulum. What function has this organella in these cells?
A. Synthesis of blood plasma proteins.
B. Calcium ion depositing.
C. Deintoxicative function.
D. Carbohydrate synthesis.
E. Bile production.
16. Hypertrychosis of auricles is caused by a gene that is localized in Y-chromosome. Father has
this feature. What is the probability to give birth to a boy with such anomaly?
A. 100%.
B. 0%.
C. 25%.
D. 35%.
E. 75%.
17. Normal, actively dividing cells of human red bone marrow are analyzed. What number of cells'
chromosomes is typical for G1 period?
A. 46.
B. 48.
C. 23.
D. 45.
E. 47.
18. While examining the amniotic fluid collected with the help of amniocentesis (puncture of amniotic
membrane) cells with sex chromatin containing nuclei (Barr's bodies) were detected. What does this
fact indicate?
A. Development of a female fetus.
B. Development of a male fetus.
C. Genetic disorders in embryonic development.
D. Trisomy.
E. Polyploidy.
19. In a cell the synthesis of histone proteins was artificially blocked. What cell structure will be
damaged?
A. Nuclear chromatin.
B. Nucleolus.
C. Golgi apparatus.
D. Cell membrane.
E. Nuclear envelope.
20. A chemical agent influenced cell plasmolemma. Consequently, the cell changed its form. Which
layer of plasmolemma takes part in this process?
A. Cortical.
B. Glycocalyx.
C. Bilipidic.
D. Hydrophilic.
E. Hydrophobic.
21. In a histological specimen is observed a human somatic cell in the metaphase of mitotic cell
division. How many chromosomes form the metaphase plate, taking into account that every
chromosome contains two sisterly chromatids?
A. 46.
B. 92.
C. 23.
D. 48.
E. 24.
22. A patient with poisoning has been hospitalized. It is detected that hepatic detoxification
mechanisms are disordered. Which hepatocytes organelles has primarily caused the process?
A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
B. Mitochondria.
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum.
D. Golgi apparatus.
E. Ribosomes.
23. Cytochemical investigation has shown high concentration of hydrolytic ferments in the cytoplasm
of cells. The activity of which organelles does this fact indicate?
A. Lysosome.
B. Mitochondria.
C. Polysomes.
D. Endoplasmic reticulum.
E. Centrosome.
24. There is a large quantity of carbohydrates in the dietary intake of a human. What structures will be
seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes?
A. Glycogen granules.
B. Fat drops.
C. One large fat drop.
D. Increase of free ribosomes quantity.
E. Lipofuscin inclusions.
25. In the course of a scientific experiment a researcher destroyed a structure of one of cell parts,
which broke cell division capacity. Which structure has been affected?
A. Centrosome.
B. Glycocalix.
C. Golgi apparatus.
D. Microfibrilles.
E. Mitochondria.
26. Tumor cells culture was acted on with colchicine that blocks the synthesis of tubulin-proteins,
which form spindle apparatus. What stage of cellular cycle will be affected?
A. Mitosis.
B. G1 phase.
C. S phase.
D. G2 phase.
E. G0 period.
27. Prolonged influence of toxic substances on the organism led to considerable protein synthesis
decrease in hepatocytes. Which organelles have suffered of intoxication most of all?
A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum.
B. Mitochondria.
C. Microtubules.
D. Lysosomes.
E. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
28. A ribosomal structure has been affected in a cell. What processes will suffer first of all?
A. Synthesis of protein.
B. Synthesis of nucleic acids.
C. Synthesis of carbohydrates.
D. Synthesis of lipids.
E. Synthesis of mineral substances.