Download POPULATION BIOTIC POTENTIAL: REPRODUCTIVE RATE

POPULATION
BIOTIC POTENTIAL: REPRODUCTIVE RATE: NUMBER OF LIVE BIRTH, EGGS
LAID, ETC. and RECRUITMENTS: MAKING IT THROUGH EARLY GROWTH
STAGES TO BECOME A PART OF BREEDING, REPRODUCING POPULATION.
POPULATION EXPLOSION: POPULATION CAN NOT GROW RAPIDLY
INDEFINITLY. IF IT DID IT WILL GROW EXPONENTIALLY, AND
EVENTUALLY EXPONENTIALLY DECREASES, DUE TO FAMINE, OR OTHER
STRENUOS CAUSE (J CURVE). NORMALLY POPULATION INCREASES
MODERATLEY UNTIL CERTAIN FACTORS, CALLED ENVIRONMENTAL
RESISTANCE, STOPS THE GROWTH AND A PLATEAU IS REACHED, GOIG UP
AND DOWN SLOWLY (S CURVE).
FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION SIZE:
1) ABIOTIC FACTORS:
A) WEATHER AND CLIMATE CHANGE
(TEMPERATURE)
B) WATER AND MOISTURE
C) WIND AND WAVE ACTION
D) DISASTERS, FIRE, FLOOD AND STORM
E) WASTE OF ONE ORGANISM MAY BE POISED
FOR ANOTHER (E.G. PENICILLIN FROM MOLD
KILLING BACTERIA)
2) BIOTIC FACTORS
a. MIGRATION ( IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION)
b. AVAILABILITY OF FOOD
c. PREDATOR, PARASITE AND DISEASE
d. NUMBER AND VARIETY OF ORGANISMS (THE MORE VARIETY
OF ORGANISMS, THE BETTER CHANCE OF SURVIVAL FOR ALL
ORGANISMS. THE MORE LIMITED THE NUMBER OF SPECIES,
OR THE LESS THE GENE POOL, THE MORE GENETIC
VULNERABILITY.
HUMAN
HISTORY OF POPULATION:
A) HOMINID SPECIES: MAN-LIKE APE, 3-4 MILLION YEARS AGO.
B) HOMOSAPIENS: 100,000 YEARS AGO. SMALL FAMILIES AND
TRIBES, SURVIVED BY HUNTING AND GATHERING, NOMADIC,
MIGRATING. SINCE IT WAS DIFFICULT TO MIGRATE WITH
CHILDREN, THEY HAD LOW BIRTH RATES.
C) 10-12000 YEARS AGO, MAN LEARNED TO DOMESTICATE PLANTS
AND ANIMALS (TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES).AGRICULTURE
BECAME MORE EFFICIENT. MORE CHILDREN COULD HELP THEM.
THUS POPULATION INCREASED.
D) 1800 AD –INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION-CITIES GREW, GOODS
BECAME MORE AVAILABLE, HUMAN POPULATION INCREASED
DRASTICALLY.
10000 BC
5-10 MILLION
3000 BC
100 MILLION
0
250 MILLION
1500 AD
500 MILLION
1750
750 MILLION
1800
1 BILLION
1930
2 BILLION
1950
2.5 BILLION
1986
5 BILLION
2000
6 BILLION
2010
6.8 BILLION
2030
8.5 BILLION
2200
10 BILLION
TERMINOLOGY:
ZERO GROWTH (CARRY CAPACITY): # OF BIRTHS OF IMMIGRATION=
# OF DEATH AND EMIGRATION
POPULATION DENSITY: # OF INDIVIDUAL / UNIT AREA
CRITICAL NUMBER: THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS TO
SUPPORT BREEDING POPULATION
THREATENED SPECIES: POPULATION DECLINING RAPIDLY
ENDANGERED SPECIES: POPULATION APPROACHING CRITICAL #
(LIONS AND ELEPHANTS)
HUMAN POPULATION:
IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 2.1 IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 2.7
TFR
DEMOGRAPHY: STATISTICAL STUDY OF HUMAN POPULATION
TFR: TOTAL FERTILITY RATE: THE TOTAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN A
WOMAN IN A GIVEN POPULATION, CAN BE EXPECTED TO BEAR
DURING THE COURSE OF HER LIFE.
MAJOR FACTORS CAUSING EXTINCTION:
1) DEFORESTATION AND DESTRUCTION OF A HABITAT:
a. INCREASE OF HUMAN POPULATION
b. AGRICULTURE, LOGGING, MINING, ROADS AND TOWNS ( A
TYPICAL RAIN FOREST, 7% OF EARTH’S SURFACE, CONTAIN
UP TO ¾ SPECIES IN THE WORLD)
2) INTRODUCITON OF FOREIGN SPECIES ( CHANGING THE BALANCE
OF AN ECOSYSTEM AND ALSO BRINGS DISEASES)
3) HUNTING
4) PREDATION CONTROL
5) POLLUTION
WHY WORRY ABOUT EXTINCTION?
1) PRESERVATION OF BEAUTY
2) ECONOMIC REASONS:
a. SOURCE OF FOOD
b. USEFUL GENETICS: GLOBAL GENETIC POOL IS DECREASED
WITH EXTINCTION
c. CHEMICAL AND MEDICINE
d. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH