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TEST: 1st & 2nd hr = Thu 12.19
3rd & 7th hr = Fri 12.20
BIOLOGY ONE
1ST SEMESTER STUDY GUIDE
Chapters 1, 2, 7
Biology One Course objectives:
By the end of the first semester of Biology One, students will be able to:
 Define the main characteristics life
 Use tools and procedures of scientists
o The scientific method, controlled experiments, the metric/SI system, microscopes
 Identify key properties of water
 Define and describe properties of carbon compounds
o Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins
 Identify properties of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
 Define and describe the main cell structures and organelles of eukaryotic cells
 Describe the basic processes involved in passive and active transport
data
organism
resolution
macromolecule
product
organelle
endocytosis
body
hypothesis
homeostasis
polar molecule
nucleotide
catalyst
diffusion
exocytosis
controlled experiment
metabolism
cohesion
amino acid
substrate
concentration gradient
tissue
theory
microscope
adhesion
chem. reaction
active site
facilitated diff.
organ
CH. ONE:
1. What is the goal of science?
2. List in order the steps of the scientific method.
3. Describe the parts of a controlled experiment: manipulated variable, responding variable, control &
constant; be able to identify each of the parts in a written description of an experiment.
4. List the 8 traits (characteristics) common to all living things.
5. How many cells are needed to be considered living?
6. What is the universal genetic code?
7. What term means “stable internal environment?”
8. Which characteristic applies to large groups instead of individual organisms?
9. Can nonliving things show these characteristics? Explain.
10. Are viruses, seeds, eggs (and similar) clearly living or nonliving? Explain.
11. List 2 reasons why scientists use the SI system of measurement.
12. List the 9 SI prefixes, their values and their abbreviations.
13. What are the standard SI/metric units for length, mass, time, liquid volume and solid volume?
14. What is a data table used for?
15. What is a graph? How does it differ from a data table?
16. What is the purpose of microscopes?
17. Compare & contrast light & electron microscopes.
18. List the 3 types of light microscopes & tell the main purpose/function of each.
19. Name the 3 categories of electron microscopes.
20. How many lenses are found each in simple & compound microscopes?
21. What parts belong to the optical system of a compound microscope? Where is each located?
22. What parts belong to the mechanical system of a compound microscope? Tell the main job of each.
23. What parts belong to the illuminating system of a compound microscope? Tell the function of each.
24. Be able to locate the parts of compound microscrope on a diagram.
Biology One 2013-14
DEFINE:
science
biology
magnification
organic chem.
reactant
cell
osmosis
organ system
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CH. TWO:
31. List two major reasons why water is important for living things.
32. Explain why water is a polar molecule. Is the whole molecule charged?
33. What is measured by the pH scale?
34. What is the total range of the pH scale? What is the range of acids? Of bases?
35. Name at least 2 examples each of acids & bases.
36. Name the 4 main organic macromolecules needed by living organisms.
37. What elements are found in carbohydrates?
38. What are carbohydrates commonly called (not just the abbreviation)?
39. What is the overall function of carbohydrates?
40. Contrast monosaccharides, disaccharides & polysaccharides, including what each term means, their
formulas, their jobs & specific examples.
41. What elements are found in lipids?
42. How can carbohydrates and lipids be made from the same elements?
43. What are lipids commonly called?
44. What is the overall function for lipids?
45. Compare & contrast fats & oils – organism produced in, specific jobs, solid or liquid, saturated or
unsaturated.
46. What does it mean if a lipid is unsaturated?
47. What elements are found in nucleic acids?
48. What monomer building blocks compose nucleic acids?
49. What are the “ingredients” of a nucleotide?
50. Compare & contrast DNA & RNA, including jobs, location, sugars, bases & shape.
51. Spell correctly the full names of DNA & RNA.
52. What elements are found in proteins?
53. What are the monomer building blocks of proteins?
54. What are the “ingredients” in an amino acid?
55. Draw and label the parts of a general amino acid molecule.
56. What does the “R group” (side chain) do for an amino acid?
57. List the 7 jobs of proteins, giving specific examples when possible.
58. When is activation energy needed?
59. Why are enzymes referred to as “organic catalysts?”
60. What do enzymes do for a reaction? Do they take part in the reaction themselves?
61. What does it mean to say that enzymes are specific?
62. Name an example of a specific enzyme & the substrate that it breaks down.
63. How is an enzyme-substrate complex formed?
CH. SEVEN:
64. How many cells are needed for something to be considered living?
65. Tell the main contribution/theory for each of the following researchers:
Robert Hooke, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Brown, Henry Dutrochet, Matthias Schleiden,
Theodor Schwann, Johannes Purkinje, Rudolf Virchow, Max Schultze, Felix Dujardin & Lynn
Margulis
Biology One 2013-14
25. Compare & contrast dissecting microscopes & compound microscopes.
26. Describe how to determine a microscope’s total magnification.
27. Compare & contrast magnification & resolution.
28. What microscope parts relate to resolution? When is each used?
29. How would the field of biology be different without microscopes?
30. List the microscope handling procedures.
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Biology One 2013-14
66. List the 3 statements of the cell theory.
67. Compare & contrast prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells. Include whether the nucleus & organelles are
present, cell size, organisms found in, age of fossils; & the 4 ways that the 2 categories are alike.
68. For the following cell structures/organelles, tell the location & function:
nucleus, nucleolus, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus,
lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, chloroplasts, leucoplasts, microtubules,
microfilaments, centrioles & cilia/flagella.
69. What molecule is found in mitochondria & chloroplasts, & what does that allow them to do?
70. Contrast cilia & flagella.
71. What part of the cell is selectively permeable? What does that mean?
72. What is maintained due to selective permeability?
73. What are the 3 main components of the cell membrane?
74. Draw & label a section of the cell membrane.
75. Draw & label a phospholipid, labelling its parts.
76. Which end is hydrophilic? What does that mean?
77. Which end is hydrophobic? What does that mean?
78. What are the jobs of proteins in the cell membrane?
79. Contrast cell walls with cell membranes.
80. What is true about molecules in regards to movement?
81. What is their goal?
82. What is required for diffusion to occur?
83. Once equilibrium is reached, what happens to the molecules? Is it still diffusion?
84. How is facilitated diffusion different from regular diffusion?
85. What is the advantage to facilitated diffusion?
86. For each of the following osmotic solutions, tell where there is more pure water to start, where the
pure water moves & what happens to the cell as a result: Isotonic solution, hypotonic solution,
hypertonic solution
87. Compare and contrast passive transport & active transport, including the direction molecules move in
each, whether energy is needed & different forms.
88. What can active transport allow (its purpose)?
89. Contrast endocytosis & exocytosis.
90. Contrast pinocytosis & phagocytosis.
91. Contrast & give examples of unicellular, colonial & multicellular organisms.
92. What does it mean that multicellular organisms have “interdependent” cells?
93. List, in order from smallest to largest, the 5 levels of multicellular organization. Describe & give an
example of each.
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