Download Key Concepts Select the term that best completes the

Name: _______________________________________________
Date: __________
Key Concepts
Select the term that best completes the statement.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
alleles
dominant
genes
genotype
heredity
phenotype
recessive
sexual reproduction
trait
____ 1. During _______, a cell containing genetic information from each parent combines to form a new cell.
____ 2. A(n) _______ allele is one that is expressed even if only one copy is present in the genotype.
____ 3. _______ are various forms of the same gene.
____ 4. _______ are units of heredity that code for particular traits.
____ 5. _______ describes the genes that make up an organism.
Extended Response
Answer the following question on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper.
6. Explain what happened when Mendel crossed pea plants that were true-breeding for regular height with
pea plants that were true-breeding for dwarf height. What did he conclude from this experiment? Use
these terms in your answer: traits, factors, and masked.
Key Concepts
Choose the letter of the best answer.
____ 7. A complete Punnett square shows
A. how all the offspring will look
B. how an offspring's alleles might combine
C. only the dominant alleles in parents and offspring
D. how parents' alleles might combine in offspring
____ 8. A poodle with black fur (BB) is crossed with a poodle with brown fur (bb). What is the probability that
the offspring will be black?
A. 25 percent
B. 50 percent
C. 75 percent
D. 100 percent
____ 9. What is the probability that the offspring of two human parents will be a female?
A. 25 percent
B. 50 percent
C. 75 percent
D. 100 percent
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____ 10. A ratio that compares a number to 100 is a(n)
A. percentage
B. probability
C. Punnet number
D. prediction
Extended Response
Answer the following question on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper.
11. In pea plants, the allele for green pods (G) is dominant over the allele for yellow pods (g). Draw a Punnett
square that shows a cross between two parents that both have the genotype Gg. What is the probability
that offspring from this cross will have green pods? What is the ratio of plants with green pods to those with
yellow pods?
Key Concepts
If the statement is true, write "true" on the line. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make it true.
__________ 12. Cells divide twice during meiosis.
__________ 13. A gamete contains twice the usual number of chromosomes.
__________ 14. Eggs form in the reproductive organs of a female.
__________ 15. Meiosis takes place when an egg and sperm combine to form a new cell.
__________ 16. All cells go through meiosis.
Extended Response
Answer the following question on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper.
17. Each 2n cell of a fruit fly has eight chromosomes. For a single fruitfly cell undergoing meiosis, describe
the chromosomes at the end of each of meiosis I and meiosis II.
Key Concepts
Select the term that best completes the statement.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
amino acids
bases
DNA
replication
RNA
____ 18. A molecule of _______ has the shape of a double-stranded spiral.
____ 19. DNA is made up of fair _______.
____ 20. The genetic code is copied during the process of _______.
____ 21. A protein is made up of a particular sequence of _______.
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____ 22. _______ links amino acids into chains that form proteins.
Extended Response
Answer the following question on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper.
23. Summarize the process by which DNA, mRNA, and tRNA make proteins. Use these terms: replication,
transcription, and translation.
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Answer Key
1. H. sexual reproduction
2. B. dominant
3. A. alleles
4. C. genes
5. D. genotype
6. 4 pointsfor a response that correctly summarizes Mendel's results and uses all three terms
Sample: Mendel crossed true-breeding pea plants to study how various traits were inherited. For example,
he crossed a true-breeding regular height plant with a true-breeding dwarf plant. He observed that the
dwarf-heighttraitseemed to disappear in the first generation. This trait then reappeared in later
generations. Mendel concluded that each plant must have factors
two for each possible trait-one factor
coming from each parent. He also concluded that some traits could
masked
be .
3 points:correctly summarizes Mendel's results using two terms
2 points:correctly summarizes Mendel's results using one term
1 point:partially summarizes Mendel's results or uses one term
7. D. how parents' alleles might combine in offspring
8. D. 100 percent
9. B. 50 percent
10.
A. percentage
11.
4 pointsfor a response that includes a complete Punnett square, the correct probability, and correct ratio
Answer: Please see the Punnett square below. There is a 3 in 4 chance, or 75 percent probability, that the
offspring will have green pods. The ratio of plants with green pods to those with yellow pods is 3:1.
12.
True
13.
False / half
14.
True
15.
False / fertilization
16.
False / Only cells that are to become gametes
17.
4 pointsfor a response that correctly describes the chromosomes at the end of each stage
Sample: After meiosis I, each of two daughter cells has one set of doubled homologs. After meiosis II is
complete, there are four daughter cells, each of which has four chromosomes-one set of homologs.
3 points:correctly describes the chromosomes at the end of both stages
2 points:correctly describes the chromosomes at the end of one stage
1 point:partially describes the chromosomes at the end of one stage
18.
C. DNA
19.
B. bases
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20.
D. replication
21.
A. amino acids
22.
E. RNA
23.
4 points for a response that correctly explains the role of both DNA and RNA in protein synthesis and
where the activity takes place, using all five terms
Sample: DNA is the genetic material that carries the instructions that enable cells to produce proteins.
During replication, DNA is copied to ensure that these instructions are passed on during cell division. To
make proteins, the information from DNA is transferred to RNA in a process called transcription. During
this process, a single complementary strand of mRNA is produced from DNA. The mRNA moves from the
nucleus to the cytoplasm, where translation takes place. During translation, information on the mRNA is
decoded by tRNA, which brings together amino acids needed to produce a protein.
3 points: partially explains the role of both DNA and RNA in protein synthesis, using three terms
2 points: partially explains the role of both DNA and RNA in protein synthesis, using two terms
1 point: explains the role of either RNA or DNA in protein synthesis, using one term
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Standards Summary
CA 7.2.b
Students know sexual reproduction produces offspring that inherit
half their genes from each parent.
CA 7.2.d
Students know plant and animal cells contain many thousands of
different genes and typically have two copies of every gene. The two
copies (or alleles) of the gene may or may not be identical, and one
may be dominant in determining the phenotype while the other is
recessive.
CA 7.2.c
Students know an inherited trait can be determined by one or more
genes.
CA 7.2.a
Students know the differences between the life cycles and
reproduction methods of sexual and asexual organisms.
CA 7.2.e
Students know DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material of
living organisms and is located in the chromosomes of each cell.
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