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look After Your Heart Teacher’s Template Introduction Look after your heart is a science resource for 7-11 year olds focusing on the heart, healthy lifestyle choices and preventing heart disease. There are 13 black and white Teacher’s Templates in separate pdfs so that they can be downloaded individually. Use these templates in conjunction with: Teacher’s Notes, also a downloadable pdf. G31 Look after your heart workbook. You can order this full colour workbook for every pupil in the class by phoning 0870 600 6566 Information pages 1 - What’s a heart? - introducing the heart 2 - Inside our bodies - blood circulation 3 - Inside our arteries and veins - what causes heart disease 4 - Structure of the heart - inside the heart - how the heart beats 5 - Breathing to live - how we breathe - oxygen and carbon dioxide 6 - How to have a healthy heart - things you can do to keep healthy Experiment pages 1 - Count your pulse - work with a partner to count your heart beats 2 - Measure your breathing - experiment to see how much breath you’ve got 3 - The heart is a pump - experiment to demonstrate the pumping action of the heart 4 - How much blood? - experiment to see what the volume of blood in your body is Activity pages 1 - Test your knowledge - label and colour in the heart 2 - What am I doing? - What shall I eat? a simple quiz sheet 3 - Healthy heart - word games and puzzles Beating heart disease together Charity Registration Number 225971 look After Your Heart Teacher’s Template Information 1 What’s a heart? Your heart is a powerful muscular bag with lots of tubes called veins and arteries going in and out. It is behind your ribs and a full size heart weighs about the same as two apples. Your own heart is about the size and shape of your own fist. A doctor can hear your heart beating with a stethoscope. You can easily feel your heart beating if you put your hand on your chest after running up and down stairs a couple of times. When you are running and jumping, or even walking quickly, your body needs more energy, so the heart beats faster to send blood around your body, carrying nutrients (from food) and oxygen (from the air) to provide that energy. Your heart’s job is to pump blood round your body. Your body contains about 4 to 5 litres of blood, depending on your body size. (Most squash bottles contain about 1 litre.) Every animal has a heart - from the largest elephant to the smallest mouse. A mouse’s heart beats about 500 times a minute, but an elephant’s heart beats only 25 times a minute. Mice have much smaller hearts and elephants have much larger hearts than us but they all do the same thing. Charity Registration Number 225971 look After Your Heart Teacher’s Template Information 2 Inside our bodies Blood is pumped by our hearts through a maze of tubes which get smaller and smaller. M L The biggest tubes are called arteries and veins. The very tiny tubes are called capillaries. Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood back to the heart. L M Lungs Heart Artery M L L Capillaries M Vein Charity Registration Number 225971 look After Your Heart Teacher’s Template Information 3 Inside our arteries and veins Inside our blood, red cells give blood its colour. They carry oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body. White cells attack and eat germs. Platelets make our blood stick together (clot) if we cut ourselves. Blood carries food nutrients so that our whole body can grow and repair itself. Wonderful stuff blood! Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Fatty substance Heart disease in grown ups usually occurs because their arteries get blocked with fatty build-up called atheroma. A heart attack happens when an artery blocks up with a blood clot. This can be very dangerous. Charity Registration Number 225971 look After Your Heart Teacher’s Template Information 4 Structure of the heart What happens when our heart beats? When the heart beats it expands and squeezes like a pump pushing blood all round your body. It keeps pumping whatever you are doing - even when you are asleep. It is divided into two halves, a left side and a right side. Each side has two spaces or chambers. The top chamber is called the atrium where blood is sent to the heart through the veins. The lower space is called the ventricle which pumps blood from the heart through the arteries. Four valves in the heart make sure that blood flows in the right direction. Artery to the lungs Artery to the body Vein from the lungs Artery to the lungs Left atrium Vein from the lungs Valve Vein from the body Right atrium Left ventricle Valve Right ventricle Blood flows through the open valves from the atrium to the ventricle as the heart fills. The ventricles contract and squeeze the blood out through the arteries. Charity Registration Number 225971 look After Your Heart Teacher’s Template Information 5 Breathing to live Windpipe carrying air to the lungs Artery carrying blood to the lungs Lungs Pulmonary vein (blood to the heart from the lungs) Heart What happens when we breathe? Every part of our body needs oxygen. Without it we would die. Oxygen is an invisible gas that is part of the air that we breathe into our lungs. Blood is pumped from our hearts to our lungs into millions of the tiny blood vessels called capillaries around our lungs. Red cells in our blood pick up oxygen in the lungs and carry it all around our bodies. We need more oxygen when we are active which is why we breathe faster, and our hearts beat faster. When we breathe our body uses oxygen and a waste gas is formed called carbon dioxide which we do not need. The red cells that carry oxygen from our lungs also carry carbon dioxide back to our lungs to be breathed out. Charity Registration Number 225971 look After Your Heart Teacher’s Template Information 6 How to have a healthy heart There are many things you can do to help keep your heart healthy because it’s one of the most important parts of your body, it needs all the help it can get! Eat healthy foods. Try to eat a wide variety of foods. Some foods contain a lot of saturated fat and these can be bad for your heart if you eat too much of them. Some foods are low in saturated fat such as fruit, vegetables, bread, rice, baked beans, potatoes, pasta and fish. Be active every day. Keeping fit helps your muscles, including your heart, to work well. To stay fit you should try to be active for an hour every day. Swimming, cycling, skipping and dancing are all great ways to keep fit. So are team games like football and netball. Regular activity not only makes you feel good, it also: Helps you to concentrate Makes you stronger, gives you strong bones Keeps you flexible Improves your stamina Keeps your hair and skin looking great It’s good for you to eat at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables every day. Foods like crisps, sausages, chips and burgers should not be eaten every day. Try not to eat too many biscuits, cakes and sweets as well. Don’t smoke. Say ‘no’ to cigarettes, smoking is the heart’s worst enemy. Smoking gives you bad breath and makes your hair and clothes smell horrible. Even worse it damages your lungs and causes heart disease. Cigarettes contain very harmful chemicals, including nicotine, which is an addictive drug and makes it very difficult to QUIT the habit. Most people who smoke wish they hadn’t started, and want to stop. So it’s simple – be smart, don’t start! NO THANKS! Charity Registration Number 225971 look After Your Heart Teacher’s Template Experiment 1 Count your pulse You can feel your heart beating inside your body. If you find the artery that runs at the side of your wrist and count the beats of your heart. This is called the pulse. Count your pulse with a partner. You will need a watch or a stopwatch. Take it in turns to do the experiment. Step 1: Take your partner’s pulse when resting, for 15 seconds. Step 2: Get your partner to be active (run around or skip) for 2 minutes. Step 3: Take your partner’s pulse again for 15 seconds. Step 4: Wait for 5 minutes and take the pulse again for 15 seconds. Step 5: Now change over and get your partner to take your pulse and repeat steps 1 to 5. What do you think will happen? RESULTS - multiply the pulse count by 4 to get the rate for a minute Resting per minute After activity After 5 minutes My partner Me Why is the count different before and after activity? Charity Registration Number 225971 look After Your Heart Teacher’s Template Experiment 2 Measure your breathing Equipment: 2 litre plastic squash bottle, 30 cm plastic tubing, bowl, water, pen or pencil, ruler. Work with a partner. Step 1: Fill the squash bottle with water and half fill the bowl with water. Step 2: Place your hand over the top of the bottle and turn it upside down into the bowl of water. Step 3: Tilt the bottle slightly, keeping it in the water and insert one end of the plastic tubing into the neck of the bottle. Get your partner to mark the water level on the bottle. Step 4: Take a deep breath, seal your lips on the other end of the tube and blow out, down the tube. Get your partner to mark the new water level and then measure the difference from the first mark. RESULTS Me My partner The teacher Difference between 2 marks (cms) What do you think will happen when you blow into the tube? Why were the results different for different people? Charity Registration Number 225971 look After Your Heart Teacher’s Template Experiment 3 The heart is a pump Here’s an experiment to demonstrate the pumping action of the heart. Equipment: Plastic bucket, plastic tubing, an empty washing up liquid bottle, insulating tape. Step 1: Make a hole in the bottle, towards the base. Step 2: Put one piece of tubing into the hole and seal it with the tape. Make sure it is water tight or the experiment won’t work. Attach another piece of tube to the bottle nozzle. Step 3: Fill the bottle and bucket with water. Hold the bottle and tubes under the water in the bucket. Step 4: Squeeze the bottle. Keep the bottle under the water and the top tube above the water. What do you think will happen when you squeeze the bottle? What actually happens? How is this like the heart? Charity Registration Number 225971 look After Your Heart Teacher’s Template Experiment 4 How much blood? It’s surprising just how much blood we have flowing through our bodies. It contains up to 5 litres of blood, depending on your size. To see what this actually looks like in volume - do this experiment. You will need: An empty 1 litre squash bottle and an empty bucket. Fill the squash bottle with water four times and pour into the bucket - heavy isn’t it? If you weigh the bucket of water you can see exactly how heavy it is. This is about how much blood you have inside your body. Charity Registration Number 225971 look After Your Heart Teacher’s Template Activity 1 Test your knowledge Naming the heart Can you label the names of the different parts of the heart? When you have labelled the heart diagram colour it in to show where the blood is full of oxygen (red) and where it is not (blue). 2............................... 1.................................... 7.................................... 3...................... 4....................... 5.................................... 6.................................... To check your answers - see information 4 Charity Registration Number 225971 look After Your Heart Teacher’s Template Activity 2 What am I doing? What shall I eat? What am I doing in the pictures? Tick the box if it is good for my heart? 1 I really like to ride my b _ _ _ _ _ _ 앮 2 I like to swim in the s _ _ 앮 3 I eat c _ _ _ _ and b _ _ _ _ _ _ every day 앮 4 Sometimes I like to s _ _ _ 앮 5 I am puffing on a c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 앮 6 In the summer I play t _ _ _ _ _ 앮 7 I watch t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ all day at weekends 앮 8 I play f _ _ _ _ _ _ _ with my friends 앮 What shall I eat? Put a tick in the box next to the foods that keep your heart healthy. 앮 앮 앮 앮 앮 앮 앮 앮 앮 앮 앮 앮 앮 Charity Registration Number 225971 look After Your Heart Teacher’s Template Activity 3 Healthy heart Tick the true or false box True False 1. Your heart pumps when you are asleep 앮 앮 Can you find these words in the squares? 2. Running makes your heart beat slower 앮 앮 CHICKEN BEAT HOP RUN BREAD SKIP FISH RICE 3. Your pulse can be felt on the inside of your wrist 앮 앮 4. The smallest tubes that carry blood are called capillaries 앮 앮 5. We breathe in carbon dioxide and breathe out oxygen 앮 앮 6. Arteries carry blood to the heart 앮 앮 7. Skipping is bad for your heart 앮 앮 8. Chickens don’t have hearts 앮 앮 9. A mouse heart beats slower than an elephants 앮 앮 10. Smoking is good for your heart 앮 앮 FUNNY APPLE GOOD PEAS DANCE Q C F G U C R K D C R S U O S H I A P L T K N O W I C U T O A I N D V C E V P F U P Y E I K R W E I N K L B M E A D A S B R L E R N P A S H H O O A U P P N R Z O T S T N N L C I K P R P J Z V E E F R M W Z T K X M V H I Draw in some more food for Artie on the empty plates. But make sure it’s good for him! Charity Registration Number 225971 look After Your Heart Teacher’s Notes Introduction Look after your heart is a science resource. This downloadable pdf provides teacher’s notes to be used in conjunction with the black and white Teacher’s Templates (13 individual pdfs) and the G31 Look After Your Heart pupil’s workbook. You can order a full colour G31 workbook for each pupil in your class by phoning 0870 600 6566. These Teacher’s Notes include: Curriculum links for all 4 UK countries Project ideas The project ideas relate to the 13 separate pdf sheets giving: Information Practical activities Experiments In total these pdfs are designed to aid discussion relating to the heart and how to keep it healthy in ways that children aged 7-11 will understand. Aims To explain to children the structure of the heart and how it acts as a pump. To teach children how blood circulates through arteries and veins (circulatory system). To communicate how to keep your heart healthy through physical activity, healthy eating and being smoke free. To show that maintaining a healthy heart can be fun. How many lessons are needed? This is entirely up to you as the teacher. You may decide to use the resource as a complete topic, taking a lesson for each area, or you may wish to be selective and fit each theme into existing schemes of work. Registered Charity Number 225 971 1 Activity Pages Activity page 1 – test your knowledge To reinforce what was taught from Information page 4 – Structure of the heart. Activity page 2 – what am I doing? What shall I eat? To reinforce what was taught from Information page 6 – how to have a healthy heart. It is important to point out that eating burgers and chips is only unhealthy if it is done on a frequent and regular basis – we are not trying to forbid these types of food. Use with G279 Help your heart poster as a teaching aid. Activity page 3 – Healthy heart To reinforce what was taught on Information page 6 – how to have a healthy heart. Activity page 4 – the heart is a pump Suggest that the children make a collection of pumps to represent the heart such as bicycle pumps, balloon pumps, lilo pumps. Some household products like shampoo and cosmetics have packs with a pumping action. Conclusion Some creative ideas to bring the topic Look after your heart to a conclusion: Movement pictures: Make jointed figures with card and paper fasteners Arrange figures so that they are playing different sports. Make a model heart using plasticine, clay or junk materials. Make a My Healthy Day zig-zag book, drawing pictures of all the healthy things done in one day. Design a poster to encourage people to look after their hearts. Show a road map of your local area featuring main roads, intersections, small side streets, circular roads and major intersections. Compare this system of transport to the circulatory system inside the body. To order the G66 Kids’ and Schools’ catalogue, or the posters and other resources suggested here: phone: 0870 600 6566 email: [email protected] website: bhf.org.uk/publications Registered Charity Number 225 971 9 Experiment pages Experiment page 1 – count your pulse Aim To teach children how to take their pulse. This lets them feel their heart beating and means that discussions on the heart are more relevant. The pupils should take their pulse when resting and again after physical activity and see how it differs. Note that children should sit quietly for a minute before the first measurement is taken to help make the result more reliable. Follow the instructions given on the page. The results could be recorded on a simple graph illustrating how each child's pulse rate changes after physical activity. The pulse rate increases after physical activity because the muscles need more oxygen to work when you are active. You breathe rapidly and the heart beats faster to pump the blood where it is needed. People have different pulse rates because of the effects of such things as fitness, age and weight. Experiment page 2 – measure your breathing Aim Compare lung capacity. Set up the experiment. You will need a basin, 30cm of plastic tubing, water and a squash bottle for this. Follow the instructions as given on the page. Children's lung capacity will be different depending on their size, some people will have greater lung capacity than others. Adults have a greater lung capacity than children. Experiment page 3 – how much blood? Aim To see what the volume of blood looks like. Set up the experiment using water. You will need a litre bottle and a bucket. Fill the bottle four times and pour into the bucket. This is the amount of blood in your body. Weigh the bucket full and empty and find out how much our blood weighs. Follow the instructions given on the page. 8 There are 13 pdfs that relate directly to the full colour Look after your heart workbook used by the pupils (see how to order it at the end). The project ideas below show how the different pages can be used in various combinations. Information pages Information page 1 – What’s a heart? Aim To provide factual information about the heart and help children come to terms with the fact that all animals have a heart and pulse although they differ in size. Project ideas Ask the children to think of animals and to find pictures of them to bring to class. Explain that an animal’s heart is relative to the size of the animal and the needs of its body. Explain that the heart-rate (pulse) is relevant to the animal’s blood volume. With the children, find out information on the animals they have chosen eg: how much they weigh how much physical activity they do what they eat how much they eat Use Experiment page 1 - Count Your Pulse to reinforce the information sheet. If the children draw a graph it will show a gradual return to a resting pulse rate. This information may be useful to come back to when discussing Information page 6 - How to have a healthy heart. Information page 2 – Inside our bodies Aim To enable children to understand how blood is pumped by the heart through the circulatory system. Project ideas Teach children about how blood circulates through arteries and veins. Use the G46 Circulatory System poster to support this. Draw around a child and label the position of the heart, arteries and veins. Use Experiment page 3 - How Much Blood to help children to understand the concept of blood volume. 5 Information page 3 - Inside our arteries and veins Aim To enable children to understand the composition of blood and its circulation, as well as understand the concept of heart disease. Project ideas Ask children to find out about the foods that are carried in the blood and where they are needed, for example sugar to the muscles for energy, protein to the nails for growth. The children could write a story about the journey around the body in the blood stream. Use with G46 the Circulatory System poster. Ask the children if they know anyone with heart disease. Ask them to tell you a bit about them. You may find that children are included here as well as adults.You may have a child in your class that has a heart condition and they may be happy to talk about it. This section will require sensitivity but it is important that children have a realistic picture of how heart disease affects our population. Information page 4 – Structure of the heart Aim To explain to children the structure of the heart and how it acts as a pump. Project ideas Use with Activiity page 1 as a test to consolidate what you have learned. Use with Activity page 4 to explore what pumps are: Ask the children to make a collection of pumps Find out how they work Make a simple pump with a squeezy washing up bottle and water. Information page 5 – Breathing to live Aim To enable children to understand how we breathe and the part that the heart and blood play in this. Project Ideas Use with Experiment page 2 to demonstrate breathing capacity in the lungs Set up the experiment in the classroom Measure the capacity of different people (children and adults) Discuss why the capacity is different Is gas exchange (taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide) done in the same way for all animals e.g fish, frogs and tadpoles. 6 Information page 6 – How to have a healthy heart Aim To give information to children about how they can keep their heart healthy and prevent heart disease. Use with Activity pages 2 and 3 as a follow-up to this topic. The G279 Help your heart poster is an additional teaching aid. Project ideas Construct a blocked artery by using a tube cut lengthways, playdough and some beads as corpuscles flowing through. Ask the children to make a list of the type of physical activity they like to do: What is the most popular? Collect pictures or make drawings of people doing the activity they like Make a list of the physical activities their parents or carers do Stress the fun and sociable elements of physical activity. Ask the children to keep a diary of what they eat over a period of a few days: Use the diaries for a discussion on how healthy/unhealthy the food they eat may be. Healthy living: Ask the children what they think they have to do to grow up healthy and strong. List their suggestions. Ask them to suggest who can help them to achieve each suggestion on the list. Discuss illnesses that the children may have had: How did the doctor help them get better? Invite the school nurse to give the class a talk on keeping healthy Discuss how we feel when we are healthy And how do we feel when we are unhealthy? Why do people smoke? Ask the children to discuss this and make a list of their suggestions. Write poems about being healthy. Practical activities We all need to eat and drink to stay alive, but are we choosing foods that will help us to stay healthy? Use with G45 Nutrition Mission CD rom to keep Artie Beat happy by feeding him properly. Use with G321 Big Food Challenge as an additional teaching aid. Collect packets and pictures of foods: Sort them into broad groups according to the balance of good health plate Discuss favourite foods, avoiding the terms ‘good’ or ‘bad’ foods Plan balanced meals for a day Suggest alternatives to sweets and snacks eg cereal bars, fruit and raw vegetables, rice crackers, dried fruit. Cooking healthy recipes instead of cakes. See suggestions on cbhf.net in the Healthy Eating section. Aim to do low fat, low salt, low sugar, high fibre and fruit recipes. 7 Curriculum links The National Curriculum England and Wales Key Stage 2 Scottish Guidance Notes 5 - 14 p3 - p7 Scotland - A Curriculum for Excellence 3 - 18 commencing 2008 The Revised Northern Ireland Curriculum Key Stage 2 The National Curriculum England and Wales Key Stage 2 Science Life Processes Humans and other animals 2) Pupils should be taught: b. About the need for food for activity and growth, and about the importance of an adequate and varied diet for health. Circulation a. That the heart acts as a pump to circulate the blood through vessels around the body including through the lungs. b. About the effect of exercise and rest on pulse rate. Health a. About the effects on the human body of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs, and how these relate to personal health b. About the importance of exercise for good health. Personal Social and Health Education and Citizenship What makes a healthy lifestyle including the benefits of exercise and healthy eating. Physical education Why physical activity is good for health and well-being. 2 Scottish Guidance Notes 5 - 14 p3 - p7 Environmental Studies 5 - 14 Science - The Process of Life The processes are: feeding and digestion breathing (lungs, windpipe) circulation of blood (heart, arteries, veins). Personal and Social Development 5 - 14 Taking responsibility for one’s own life. Physical Education Investigating and developing the concept of fitness and promoting physical activity and health. Scotland - A Curriculum for Excellence 3 - 18 commencing 2008 Science The impact of science on their own health and wellbeing, the health of society. Health and wellbeing Learning through health and wellbeing promotes confidence, independent thinking and positive attitudes and dispositions. Because of this, it is the responsibility of every teacher to contribute to learning and development in this area. Experience positive aspects of healthy living and activity for themselves. Develop the knowledge and understanding, skills, abilities and attitudes necessary for their physical, emotional and social wellbeing now and in their future lives. Make informed decisions in order to improve their physical, emotional and social wellbeing. Apply their physical, emotional and social skills to pursue a healthy lifestyle. 3 The Revised Northern Ireland Curriculum Key stage2 Science and Technology Living things ourselves b Identify major organs, including brain, heart, c Learn about factors that contribute to good health including diet, exercise, hygiene and develop an awareness of the safe use of medicines and the harmful effects of tobacco, alcohol and other substances; e Investigate how basic life processes including circulation, simple respiration and digestion relate in order to maintain healthy bodies, for example, compare breathing and pulse rates before and after exercise; Personal Development Strand Personal Development strand 1 Health Growth and Change Understanding of the benefits and the importance of a healthy lifestyle. Physical Education To promote physical activity and healthy lifestyles, pupils should: develop an understanding of the relationship between physical activity and good health. 4