Download Final Exam review semester 1

Physical Science Final
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1. Ninety-nine percent of all the matter that can be observed in the universe exists as
2. Hydrochloric acid, HCl, is added to solid NaOH. After the reaction is complete, NaCl dissolved in
water remains. What are the products of this chemical reaction?
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3.
In an electron dot diagram, the symbol for an element is used to represent
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4.
Which statement is true about the metalloid silicon?
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6.
To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you would subtract
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7.
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
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the
8.
Boyle’s law states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure if
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9.
How many grams of CO2 are in 2.1 mol of the compound?
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10.
The heat of fusion for water is the amount of energy needed for water to
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11.
Raising the temperature of a gas will increase its pressure if the volume of the gas
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12.
shoelaces?
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What physical properties of nylon and leather make them good materials to use for
13. You see a structural formula in which the symbols for elements are connected by a long dash. You
can assume that the chemical bonds in the compound are
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14.
Democritus thought that matter was made of tiny particles
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15.
Which of the following Group 1A elements is the most reactive?
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16.
How does increasing the amount of carbon in steel affect its properties?
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17. The phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is
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What is true about metals
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20. The standard on which the atomic mass unit is based is the mass of a
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21.
The water molecule H2O is polar because it contains two polar single bonds and
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22. Which of the following Group 7A elements is the most reactive?
23. What is the difference between an atom in the ground state and an atom in an excited state?
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24.
The unit for atomic mass is
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25.
Metallic bonding is similar to ionic bonding because
26. A substance that is made up of only one kind of atom is a(an)
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27.
To keep them from reacting, some highly reactive elements are stored in
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28.
For the chemical reaction C2H6 + 137 kJ → C2H4 + H2, the chemical energy of the
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29.
Which halogen is most likely to react?
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30.
The name iron(II) indicates that a compound contains
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31.
What is about subatomic particles is NOT true?
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32.
The phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a gas or vapor
without changing to a liquid first is
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33.
Group 7A of the periodic table contains the
34. What is the result of a force distributed over an area?
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35.
If a solid piece of naphthalene is heated and remains at 80°C until it is completely
melted, you know that 80ºC is the
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36.
When magnesium carbonate, MgCO2, reacts with nitric acid, HNO3, magnesium
nitrate and carbonic acid form. Carbonic acid then breaks down into water and carbon dioxide. Which two
types of reactions take place in this process?
Figure 7-1
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37.
The reaction in Figure 7-1 shows the formation of ammonia from nitrogen and
hydrogen in the Haber process. What will be the effect on the equilibrium if the temperature is increased
and some of the ammonia is removed from the system?
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38.
Which of the following is a typical property of an ionic compound?
39. As you move from left to right across a period, the number of valence electrons
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40.
Which element is found in nature only in compounds?
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orderly?
41.
During which phase change does the arrangement of water molecules become more
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42.
Which of the following is a clue of a chemical change?
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43.
Moving from left to right across a row of the periodic table, which of the following
values increases by exactly one from element to element?
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44.
most likely
A substance has a melting point of 0ºC and a boiling point of 100ºC. The substance is
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45.
What is the law of conservation of mass?
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46.
Atoms of the most reactive elements tend to have
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47.
What are pure substances?
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48.
compound?
Fluorine, F, forms a binary ionic compound with lithium, Li. What is the name of this
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49.
The tendency of an element to react is closely related to
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50.
In an atomic model that includes a nucleus, positive charge is
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51.
describes a metallic bond?
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52.
The Greek philosopher Democritus coined what word for a tiny piece of matter that
cannot be divided?
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53.
In the compound MgCl2, the subscript 2 indicates that
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54.
Which statement about subatomic particles is true?
55.
55. If you move a substance from one container to another and its volume changes, the
substance is a
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56.
Which of the following statements is true about what happens during a chemical
reaction?
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57.
Which element is found in most of the compounds in your body except for water?
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58.
What is the symbol for aluminum?
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59.
An industrial process makes calcium oxide by decomposing calcium carbonate.
Which of the following is NOT needed to calculate the mass of calcium oxide that can be produced from
4.7 kg of calcium carbonate?
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60.
A mixture that appears to contain only one substance is a(an)
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61.
What does NOT contain molecules?
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62.
What ormulas represents a compound whose molecules contain a triple bond?
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63.
What has the highest viscosity?
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64.
What will cause a decrease in gas pressure in a closed container?
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65.
What does NOT state what the arrow means in a chemical equation?
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66.
What is true about oxygen-17 and oxygen-18
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67.
What groups contain three elements with stable electron configurations?
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68.
Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and aluminum all form ions with positive
charges equal to the
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69.
The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation always can express the ratio of
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70.
A gas has
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71.
One twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom is used to define a(an)
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72.
Many metals can be drawn into thin wires without breaking because
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73.
Ionization energies tend to
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74.
The reaction H2CO3 + H2O ↔ H3O+ + HCO3– takes place in water. What happens to
the equilibrium when the pressure is increased?
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75.
Mendeleev gave the name eka-aluminum to a(an)
Figure 6-1
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76.
Study the electron dot diagrams for lithium, carbon, fluorine, and neon in Figure 6-1.
Choose the statement that correctly identifies the most stable of the elements.
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77.
78. Compared with Group 2A elements, Group 6A elements have
79. Two highly reactive elements in Period 2 are the metal lithium and the
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80.
Which of the following takes place during a redox reaction?
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81.
from Na and Br2?
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Which of the following is a balanced chemical equation for the synthesis of NaBr
82. During a phase change, the temperature of a substance
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83.
Which of the following provides the best analogy for an electron in an atomic
orbital?
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The formation of an ionic bond involves the
84.
Flammability is a material’s ability to burn in the presence of
85. In general, if the temperature of a chemical reaction is increased, the reaction rate
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86.
Reaction rates do NOT tell you how fast
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87.
What electrons and atomic orbitals is NOT true?
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88.
Which columns have only metals?
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89.
What is John Dalton’s atomic theory?
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90.
When a physical change in a sample occurs, what does not change?
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91.
What type of change occurs when water changes from a solid to a liquid?
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92.
What is NOT always true about a synthesis reaction?
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93.
Methane, CH4, burns in oxygen gas to form water and carbon dioxide. What is the
correct balanced chemical equation for this reaction?
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doubt?
94.
Suppose an atom has a mass number of 23. Which statement is true beyond any
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95.
Forces of attraction limit the motion of particles most in
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96.
What is a physical change?
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97.
Water has a higher boiling point than expected because
98. In a periodic table, a set of properties repeats from
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99.
Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape is a
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100.
You are about to open a container of soy milk but notice that there are instructions to
“shake well before serving.” The soy milk is most likely a
Essay
101.
Suppose you want to separate the leaves, acorns, and twigs from a pile of soil. Filtration and
distillation are two processes of separating mixtures. Explain which process you would use and why.
102.
Fluorine is the most reactive nonmetal. To fluorine’s immediate right in the periodic table is
neon, a noble gas that does not form chemical bonds. Explain this contrast in reactivity in terms of atomic
structure.
103.
Explain why rust forms in steel tanks that hold seawater in ships. How can nitrogen be used
to reduce rust in these tanks?
104.
In science lab, your teacher gives you two small pieces of matter and tells you that one piece
is a metal and one is a nonmetal. Without changing the size or shape of the pieces, how could you test
them to determine which is the metal?
105.
A sample of calcium contains calcium-40, calcium-44, calcium-42, calcium-48, calcium-43,
and calcium-46 atoms. Explain why these atoms can have different mass numbers but must have the same
atomic number.
106.
point.
Describe how water can change from a liquid to a vapor at temperatures lower than its boiling
107.
Why were the elements gallium (Ga), scandium (Sc), and germanium (Ge) important to
Mendeleev?