Download A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names

A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi
Plant Names
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A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 1
A preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
Introduction
This list represents the collected names of plants in the Kundedjnjenghmi dialect of the Bininj
Kunwok language. Kundedjnjenghmi is a language spoken on the Arnhem Land plateau by
Aboriginal people living at Manmoyi, Kamarrkawarn, Marlkawo and Kabulwarnamyo
communities. This is the first word list of Kundedjnjenghmi plant names1 and therefore it is a
draft. Most of the information here was provided by Lofty Bardayal Nadjamerrek at
Kabulwarnamyo during 2002 and 2003. Other consultants included Mary Kalkiwarra and Jack
Djandjomerr.
Some of the plants of the Arnhem Land plateau are endemic and will therefore not have names in
other dialects of Bininj Kunwok. The most closely related dialect of Bininj Kunwok to
Kundedjnjenghmi is Gundjeihmi. Both languages are spoken in places with similar
geomorphology and flora and so Gundjeihmi dialect equivalents and synonyms frequently
appear in the wordlist.
Collecting the names of plants is the first step in gaining a better knowledge of the flora of a
region. The way Kundedjnjenghmi plant nomenclature operates also tells us something of how
people interact with plants. Some rare plants have names which are the same as more common
plants of a similar appearance. Some plants were of little or no significance to Aboriginal people
and are sometimes labelled ngeyyak ‘having no name’. A grass with no name for example will
be called as such kundalk ngeyyak ‘grass with no name’. There are examples of such plants in
this list also.
Recording plant names in habitats which are extremely floristically rich is always a time
consuming and tedious process. It is normal to expect mistakes in identification and this list will
serve as a resource for further plant identification and clarification of existing problems. The
plant names are in Standard Kunwinjku Orthography. This spelling system is explained below,
so that English speakers interested in using the list will be able to correctly pronounce
Kundedjnjneghmi words. The Kundedjnjenghmi to English lexicon is followed by a reversal
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finder list based on linnaen/scientific names (very few of the plants of the region have common
names).
The Kunwinjku and Gun-djeihmi alphabets.
Kunwinjku and Gun-djeihmi are sister dialects of the one language. There are a further four
dialects which are also mutually intelligible in this dialect chain. There is no collective term
which Aboriginal people use for all of these dialects but recently linguists in consultation with a
group of Aboriginal people experienced in literacy work have accepted the invented term ‘Bininj
Kunwok’ as a collective label for the dialect chain which includes Kunwinjku and Gun-djeihmi.
Today Gun-djeihmi is associated with speakers who live in Kakadu National Park whilst
Kunwinjku is a language of western Arnhem Land, now focused on Kunbarlanja (Oenpelli).
Kunwinjku speakers are the traditional owners of land further to the east of Kunbarlanja but they
moved westwards with the setting up of the mission at Kunbarlanja in the 1920s. Earlier, people
were drawn westwards into the buffalo shooting camps around the East Alligator River.
Kunwinjku has had a spelling system or orthography for almost 30 years. In the late 1980s, the
linguist Nicholas Evans was engaged as a consultant to Parks Australia North to work on the
Gun-djeihmi language. He originally used the Kunwinjku orthography for Gun-djeihmi as both
dialects have exactly the same sound systems. However, some Gun-djeihmi speakers wanted to
have a separate identity to Kunwinjku and so a variant orthography was designed for Gundjeihmi which now distinguishes it from Kunwinjku. In most cases the words in both dialects
will be pronounced exactly the same but the words will be spelt differently because of the
different orthographic rules.
When learning a new language it is important to commence by learning the language’s own
alphabet (if one exists). It is not appropriate to expect the letters of the English alphabet to
always have the same sound values in the alphabet of the language being learned. Although both
English and Kunwinjku/Gun-djeihmi use the roman alphabet, there are many sounds in one
language which the other does not have and the same letters may represent different sounds in
each of the languages. Linguists identify the inventory of individual sounds in a language and
call these sounds phonemes. Each phoneme in an ideal alphabet would be consistently
represented by the same symbol. Such an orthographic system is called a ‘phonemic alphabet’.
1
Actually, it’s the first list of anything in Kundedjnjenghmi. A dictionary of the language is presently in progress.
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
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The English alphabet is no longer phonemic because changes in pronunciation over time have
not been paralleled by spelling reform. So today in English, we have many different sounds
represented by the same spellings:
e.g. rough, cough, bough, through
There are other inconsistencies which must be learnt such as the voiced and unvoiced values of
the letter ‘s’ as in ‘poise’ [z] and ‘sing’ [s]
..... or the same sounds with different spellings. Consider the [ai] sound in the following words
all spelt differently:
light, site, die, fry, eye
And the many silent sounds:
knight, pneumonia, wrap, thorough, should etc.
The Kunwinjku and Gun-djeihmi alphabets do not have this problem. Every time an
orthographic symbol is used in a word, it has the same pronunciation. In other words, the
language is written as it sounds. But you have to first learn the sound values of each letter or
combinations of letters.
A guide to pronunciation
The alphabet in Kunwinjku looks like this:
a, b, d, dj, rd, e, h, i, k, l, rl, m, n, ng, nj, rn, o, r, rr, u, w, y
The Gun-djeihmi alphabet is identical except it includes the letter g. Combinations of vowels (a,
e, i, o, u) and semi-vowels (such as w and y), called diphthongs, are different in the two dialects
also.
Vowels
There are five vowels in Kunwinjku/Gun-djeihmi and so there are five symbols:
a, e, i, o, u
The first thing you should learn about the vowels is that the letter ‘a’ always makes the sound [a]
as in about and never as cat, bat, rat, Jabiru etc. The letter ‘u’ always sounds like [u] in the
English word put and never as in cup, pup etc.
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
a
e
i
o
u
as in about
as in bet
as in tip
as in dog
as in put
page 4
KW/Gdj ngabbard ‘father’
KW/Gdj yiderrehmeng ‘you moved over’
KW/Gdj yibiddi ‘you hand is there’
KW/Gdj bobo ‘goodbye’
KW/Gdj bukbuk ‘pheasant coucal’
English has many more vowel sounds than Kunwinjku and Gun-djeihmi, but only the five vowel
letters are used in English which makes it very difficult for people learning English as a second
language. In Kunwinjku and Gun-djeihmi, it is more consistent.
Diphthongs
Some sounds are made by combining vowel sounds with semi-vowels. In Kunwinjku these are
written with a vowel followed by a semi-vowel (either w, or y), whereas in Gun-djeihmi they are
written with two vowels. The sounds are identical in each dialect, but written differently:
Kunwinjku
Gun-djeihmi
ay
ai
as in (KW)mayh/ (Gdj) maih ‘animal’
ey
ei
as in (KW) Kundjeyhmi (Gdj) Gun-djeihmi
oy
oi
as in (KW) doydoy (Gdj) doidoi ‘father-in-law’
uy
ui
as in (KW) ngun-djuymeng (Gdj) gun-djuimeng
‘he pinched you’
aw
au
as in (KW) baw! (Gdj) bau! ‘be quiet’
ew
eu
as in (KW) mandjewk (Gdj) an-djeuk ‘rain’
iw
iu
as in (KW) kundiw (Gdj) gun-diu ‘liver’
ow
ou
as in (KW) karri-djowkke (Gdj) garri-djoukke
‘let’s cross (the river)’
Consonants
b
as in ‘bed’ (note, at the start of a syllable, Kunwinjku/Gun-djeihmi‘b’ will sound like
English ‘b’. At the end of a syllable or word, it will sound like English ‘p’. As there is no
distinction phonemically between ‘b’ and ‘p’ in Kunwinjku/Gun-djeihmi, there is no need to
have the two different letters. Only ‘b’ is necessary.
d
as in ‘dog’ (note, at the start of a syllable, Kunwinjku/Gun-djeihmi‘d’ will sound like
English ‘d’. At the end of a syllable or word, it will sound like English ‘t’. As there is no
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
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distinction phonemically between ‘d’ and ‘t’ in Kunwinjku/Gun-djeihmi, there is no need to have
the two different letters. Only ‘d’ is necessary.
g/k
Note that the letter ‘g’ exists in the Gun-djeihmi alphabet but not in the Kunwinjku
alphabet. Why? There is no phonemic difference between ‘g’ and ‘k’ in Kunwinjku and Gundjeihmi. [g] is called a voiced velar stop. That means the sound is produced in the velum and you
use your voice box to sound it. [k] is an unvoiced velar stop. It is produced also in the velum but
no voicing. It is the release of air which makes the [k] sound. In English these two sounds [g]
and [k] are separate phonemes (written by linguists as /g/ and /k/). The test for a phoneme used
by linguists is to find two words which are identical in every respect except for one sound.
Depending on which of the two differing sounds is used, the word will change in meaning.
Consider the words ‘gill’ and ‘kill’ in English. It is clear that there are two distinct phones /g/
and /k/ in English. But in Bininj Kunwok this is not the case. Both the [g] and [k] sounds count
as one sound to the ears of Kunwinjku and Gun-djeihmi speakers. However, the /k/ phoneme can
sound like [g] at the start of a word or syllable but it sounds like [k] at the end of a word or
syllable. Whilst there is no need to distinguish this orthographically, the Gun-djeihmi speech
community wanted to do this to make the words easier to pronounce for the many tourists in
Kakadu National Park who will never have the time to learn the Gun-djeihmi alphabet, but
would be unthinkingly applying their European language knowledge to the pronunciation of
Gun-djeihmi words.
So in Kunwinjku, /k/ sounds like English ‘g’ at the start of words and syllables but like English
‘k’ at the end of words/syllables. e.g.
Gun-djeihmi ‘g’ is like English ‘g’ but in Gun-djeihmi, use ‘g’ at the start of syllables and ‘k’ at
the end of syllables/words, e.g. (Gdj) gugak ‘night’, but in Kunwinjku kukak.
Note that in Kunwinjku and Gun-djeihmi you will also see the letter ‘g’ as part of the digraph
‘ng’ (i.e. a velar nasal phoneme represented in the alphabet by two symbols fused together).
Don’t think of this sound (discussed below) as n+g but as a single sound on its own (as in sing).
In Gun-djeihmi where one syllable finishes in ‘n’ and the next starts with ‘g’, it becomes
necessary to distinguish this sequence from the ‘ng’ digraph by placing a stop (.) between the
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
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two letters. E.g. (Gdj) ga-man.gan ‘she/he falls down’. In Kunwinjku this problem does not
exist because there is no letter ‘g’ used, only the ‘k’, thus ka-mankan ‘she/he falls down’.
dj
This sound is also voiced at the beginning of words/syllables but not very clearly at the
end of words/syllables. It is a bit different to the voiced English sound ‘j’ and also not quite like
unvoiced ‘ch’. It is made by putting the middle part of the tongue up against the palate so that the
tip of the tongue is behind the teeth.
m, n, ng and nj (the other nasal sound ‘rn’ is included in the section below) Nasal sounds. m
and n are similar to the English equivalents. ‘ng’ is as in English ‘sing’ but the sound often
comes at the start of Kunwinjku words but less often in Gun-djeihmi (e.g. ngaye ‘I/me’, cf. Gundjeihmi aye ‘I/me’). The ‘nj’ palatal nasal can also appear at the start or end of syllables and also
in between. E.g. nja! ‘here take it!’, manj ‘hang on’ nga-kinje (Gdj = nga-ginje). This sound
also occurs at the end of the second syllable in Kunwinjku [= Kun-winj-ku]. Because English
speakers do not have this sound at the end of syllables, we tend to approximate the nearest
equivalent in English such as ‘ng’ which explains why the first transcriptions of this language
name were written as Gunwinggu instead of the correct Gunwinjgu (the latter is the Gun-djeihmi
spelling for (KW) ‘Kunwinjku’).
retroflexed sounds rn, rl, rd
These digraphs should also be thought as single sounds not r+n, r+l and r+d. You must learn to
say these sounds correctly otherwise you can be misunderstood. Consider: kankan ‘you take me
(e.g. in the car’) but karnkarn ‘skinny’. For the Australian English speaker, these sounds sound
something like the American English pronunciations of darn, Carl, and card.
r and rr
These two sounds are frequently confused by English speaking learners of Bininj Kunwok. The
first ‘r’ is the same as English ‘r’. kunred ‘place, home’ (Gdj = gun-red). The ‘rr’ is a trill, a bit
like the sloppy pronunciation of ‘tt’ in ‘butter’. A good example of the confusion between these
two sounds is the misspelling of the Gun-djeihmi language clan name ‘Mirarr’ which often gets
written incorrectly as ‘Mirrar’ (but pronounced nonetheless by English speakers as ‘Mirar’
because the ‘rr’ sound does not exist in English).
The remaining letters l, y, w are pronounced the same as in English.
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 7
Long and short stops.
In Bininj Kunwok, the above consonants, b, d, k, and dj can occur in words as long stops as
opposed to a short stop. Long stops only occur across syllable boundaries (which means they do
not occur at the start or end of a syllable/word. When this happens, the letter is doubled. To the
English speaking ear, the long b stop ‘bb’ sounds like ‘p’, the long ‘kk’ sounds like ‘k’, the long
‘dd’ sounds like ‘t’ and the long dj (written djdj) sounds a bit like English ‘ch’. A long rd stop
(which is rare) is not written rdrd but just rdd.2 Some examples:
ngabbard ‘father’
dedded ‘red-collared lorikeet’
makka ‘father’s mother, father’s mother’s brother’
yirridjdja ‘moiety name’
kundurddu (KW), ‘heart’
Abbreviations
Parts of speech:
v.i.
v.t.
n.
adj.
intransitive verb
transitive verb
noun
adjective
Dialects:
KW Kunwinjku (Kunbarlanja to Liverpool River)
Gdj
Gun-djeihmi (Kakadu National Park)
I
Kuninjku (lower Mann and Liverpool River)
E
Kune (Cadell River)
M
Mayali (Manyallaluk, Pine Creek)
Djnj Kundedjnjenghmi (Arnhem Land plateau)
2
The sounds rdd and rdrd would be almost impossible to distinguish and so only one of the pair is necessary i.e. rdd.
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
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Kundedjnjenghmi to English Plant List
albun
n.
kind of plant
•Albun anme kakarrme karrimang bangkerreng, yiman ka-yime Balanda bobbo
ngurrikarrme.
Marsdenia viridifloria has a fruit which we get in the late wet. It’s like the that fruit you white
people have, pawpaw.
Marsdenia viridifloria
dialect= Djnj
anbabinjbabinj
n.
kind of fan-leaved palm tree (10-15m)
Livistonia benthamii
dialect= Djnj
anbadbirri
n.
kind of rock country tree
Melodorum rupestre
dialect= Djnj
anbak
n.
generic term for water weeds, especially fine algaeous water plants
dialect= Djnj
I, W= man-bak
anbaddubal
n.
kind of plant
unidentified
anbalanjdjarr
n.
darwin woollybutt tree
Eucalyptus miniata (long-barked variety).
Short-barked variety is annerrekmi. ‘Long fibrous bark strips good for lighting fires. The bark
of (m)annerrekmi however is not so useful. The onset of flowering taken as a sign for the start
of wurrgeng, and as well, that the dry time is properly arrived. The seeds may be eaten raw.’
[JRS 253]
dialect= Djnj, E, I
syn.= andjalen, djerrnggolh
W, Gdj = (m)andjalen
anbalarra
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 9
n.
kind of small to medium sized tree (4-12m)
•Lambalk kangun kurrkno anbalarra, ngurrurdu mak kangun manme.
The sugar-glider possum eats the sap of the Owenia vernicosa tree and emus eat the fruit.
Owenia vernicosa, Owenia reticulata
dialect= Djnj, W
Gdj= anbarnadjdja, E= manngarnarrngh, I= manngarnarrh
anbalindja
n.
kind of tree (7-15m) with edible purple-black fruit
•Anbalindja karringun djabbo nuye duninj anekke anbalindja.
The Vitex acuminata tree has edible fruits but they are really food for the northern quoll, those
Vitex acuminata fruits.
•Djabbo kangun anbalindja. Bininj karri-ngun, djabbo nuye duninj anekke
anbalindjarr.
The quoll eats the black plum. People eat it (too) but it really belongs to the quoll.
Vitex acuminata
syn.= andedjbang
dialect= Djnj, Gdj
anbamdjen
n.
kind of Acacia tree
Acacia torulosa
dialect= Gdj
Djnj= anmardamarda, anmorrbo
anbamo
bamano
n.
seed pod of a tree or shrub
syn.= bamono
dialect= Djnj
anbardbard
n.
two kinds of Grevillea trees
Grevillea heliosperma, Grevillea decurrens
dialect= Djnj
anbardderre
n.
kind of tree (7-15m) with pendulous branchlets and green-yellow inflorescences which appear
Terminalia grandiflora
•Yikabeh burluddak arri-kornmang arri-djedme arri-lowkmang. Bardderre,
anbardderre kunukka ka-rri.
Sometimes we make spear-thrower handles from stringybark or we carve them from strips of
wood taken from Terminalia grandiflora trees.
•Bararrkno arrimarnbuni dadken, anbardderre anyahwurd arribakkeyi arrimarnbuni.
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 10
We used to make axe handles from Terminalia grandiflora, breaking off a small piece and
working it.
•Anbardderre anworrkuyengkuyeng.
The Terminalia grandiflora tree has very long leaves.
Terminalia grandiflora
dialect= Djnj
anbarlbbirr
n.
kind of gardenia tree with fruit that has an edible skin
Gardenia megasperma
dialect= Djnj
E= manbirlhbirlh, I, W= manbarlbinj
anbarnayalak
n.
turkey bush
Calytrix exstipulata, Calytrix arborescens
syn.= anbarndarr
Djnj, Gdj, I, E
anbarndarr
n.
turkey bush
Calytrix exstipulata, Calytrix arborescens
syn.= anbarnayalak
Djnj, Gdj, I, E
anbarnkirrk
n.
fruit of the Terminalia carpentariae tree
dialect= Djnj
anbarnko
n.
fern-leaved grevillea
Grevillea pteridifolia
anbarrel
anbarrelk
n.
kind of Acacia tree
•Anbarrel anbang marrek arri-baye kan-dangbun.
The Acacia platycarpa tree is poisonous, we don’t bite it as it irritates the mouth.
Acacia platycarpa
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= anbarrkkala
anbarrelk
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 11
see anbarrel
anbarrkkala
n.
kind of Acacia tree
Acacia platycarpa
dialect= Gdj
Djnj= anbarrel
anbarrkkileng
n.
red ash tree
Alphitonia excelsa
syn.= ande(r)
dialect= Djnj
anbedjdja
n.
quinine tree
Petalostigma pubescens
I= anbedde
anbedje
n.
generic term for sorghum grasses known as ‘spear grass’, but also specifically the yirridjdja
moiety variety which dries out and falls down before the duwa moiety variety known as
mardadubba.
•Anbedje anbu duwa ka-bardbakme werrk, wanjh mardadubba-wali ka-bardbakme,
anbu yirridjdja.
The duwa moiety sorghum grass falls down first and then the yirridjdja spear grass falls down
afterwards.
anbenj
n.
kind of small tree (3-7m) which is used for fire-stick drills
•Anbenj kundarleh karribordebme, meyak.
The Wrightia pubescens tree is a firestick drill tree we use to make fire, it has no edible parts.
dialect= Djnj, Gdj
anbernbern
n.
kind of Eucalyptus tree
Eucalyptus alba
dialect= Djnj
syn.= ankorlokkorlo [Tony- alba is not ankorlokkorlo, which is narrower]
anbiddengdeng
n.
kind of plant
Calycopeplus casuarinoides??
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 12
dialect= Gdj
Djnj= manjalkmanjalk
anbidkawang
n.
kind of plant
Aneilema siliculosum
dialect= Djnj
anbikkurrudj
n.
1. purple plum tree which grows close to water’s edge and is eaten by pig-nosed turtles
•Anbikkurrudj yiman andudjmi, warradjan kangun.
The purple plum is similar to the green plum (Buchanania obovata) and pig-nosed turtles
(Carettochelys insculpta)eat it.
Buchanania arborescens
2. small tree up to 10m high, grows along freshwater streams and has edible red fruit
Terminalia erythrocarpa
dialect= Djnj, Gdj
anbindjarran
n.
kind of tree (5-15m) which grows in monsoon vine forest habitats and has a poisonous black
fruit.
Cryptocarya cunninghamii
dialect= Gdj
Djnj= ankurddu
anbinik
n.
anbinik tree, large monsoon forest tree (15-30m) which grows only in the sandstone
escarpment country of western Arnhem Land and the Alligator Rivers region. The Bininj
Kunwok name is now often used as the common name in English.
•Anngarre anbinik.
A forest of anbinik trees.
Allosyncarpia ternata
dialect= Djnj, Gdj
I, W= manbinik
anbirdarrbirdarr
n.
kind of Acacia
Acacia plectocarpa
dialect= Djnj
anbirdubbirdu
n.
kind of paperbark tree
•Anbirdubbirdu andulkbuyika kunkurlahbuyika kunkodyak anworrbalabala.
The anbirdubbirdu tree is a different kind of Melaleuca, it has no (thick) paperbark and it has
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 13
broad leaves.
possibly Melaleuca dealbata??, Melaleuca nervosa??
anbirlahbirlang
n.
peanut tree
•Anbilahbilang mimno kangalanjhbame.
The seeds of the peanut tree are brightly coloured (i.e. red).
Sterculia quadrifida
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= an.garralarlhmanj, an.gogo, I= mankongko, E= birlanghbirlangh
anbirlemanjwarre
n.
kind of tree 2-5m, with glossy black edible fruits
Bridelia tomentosa
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= anngawokngawok
anbirlimanjyak
n.
kind of tree (5-10m)
•Anbirlimanjyak meyak djal kundulk.
The anbirlimanjyak is just a tree, it doesn’t provide any food.
Denhamia obscura
dialect= Djnj
anbirlmo
n.
branch, typically a paperbark, with a cup shaped depression in it.
dialect= Djnj
anbirndalbirndal
variant: birndalbirndal
n.
kind of water lily with erect fleshy leaves. Children make whistling noises by blowing into
the tubular leaves. This whistling is said to attract snakes.
Philydrum lanuginosum
2. kind of waterlily
•Dedjkorrkdedjkorrk ka-worrbidbidbun birndalbirndal.
The jesus lily trotter walks across the waterlily leaves.
Nymphoides sp.
anbiruk
n.
medium sized tree (10-13m) which has an irritating sap
•Anbiruk karriyayme bu karrikarrme.
The Blepharocarya depauperata tree causes irritation/itchiness if we touch it.
Blepharocarya depauperata
dialect= Djnj
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 14
anbirrbbirr
n.
kind of shrub (1.5-5m) with pointed narrow leaves growing in clusters along stems with
flowers which provide nectar for honey bees
•Anbirrbbirr karrahkendong ankung.
The anbirrbbirr tree fills up the honey hives (with nectar collected by bees).
•Anbirrbbirr anwarre, kunwurr kanwon. Kurorrbo ka-di. Yiman anbarndarr la
worrbuyika, ankobuyika.
The Verticordia cunninghamii shrub has no edible parts. It causes diarrhoea. It grows on
alluvial flats/open woodland. It is similar to turkey bush but has different leaves and flowers.
Verticordia cunninghamii
dialect= Djnj
2. small woody white-flowering Calytrix shrub of sandstone habitats, however, this is
possibly a common misidentification. Likewise Acacia platycarpa is sometimes misidentified
as anbirrbbirr
Calytrix achaeta
dialect= Djnj
anbirrkul
n.
kind of Eucalyptus tree
Eucalyptus confertiflora
anbiyarrng
n.
kind of tree that grows in the flat stone habitats of the sandstone country
•Anbiyarrng kuwardde, kudjamburdda karri.
The Cochlospermum spp. trees grow on expanses of rock in the stone country.
Cochlospermum gregorii, Cochlospermum gillivraei
anbodjdjamiri
bodjdjamiri
n.
1. kind of Acacia shrub in two forms; a prostrate form which scrambles over the ground and
an erect form 1-2m. The prostrate form is fire resistant and is often found around the margins
of cypress pine groves. Anbodjdjamiri is the prostrate form and anminem is the erect form.
Acacia sublanata
2. Acacia linerioides
dialect= Djnj
anbodjub
n.
kind of rock country spinifex (note that this name is a synonym for
ankarrarndjalhkarrarndjal)
Triodia sp.?[presently unidentified]
dialect= Djnj
syn.= ankarrarndjalhkarrarndjal
anbohmi
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 15
n.
1. kind of vine which grows into the canopy of trees in jungle-thickets or drier sandstone
thickets
Parsonsia velutina
2.
kind of plant
possibly Tylophora benthamii?
anbongka
n.
kind of acacia tree
•Anbongka barrk ka-ngun mimno bu ka-bamobarrbarrhme.
The black wallaroo eats the seeds of Acacia latescens when the seed pods crack open.
syn.= anmurrukurl
Acacia latescens
dialect= Djnj
anbordokorr
n.
stringybark, this name is a synonym for the name an-burluddak and is used by most dialects
Eucalyptus tetradonta
dialect= Djnj, I, Gdj
Gdj synonym= an-rebel
(m)an-burluddak, man-buludjurri
anbornde
n.
banyan fig tree
Ficus virens
anbowngbow
var=anbowngbowng
n.
kind of small tree (3-5m) with wet season pinkish fruit
Syzygium eucalyptoides ssp. eucalyptoides
Anbowngbow kuwarddewaken, karri-kukngun ka-rohrok djarduk, man-kukmanjmak.
anboyalkkarrngkarrngh
n.
kind of plant (unidentified)
anboyberre
n.
kind of large tree (to 30m) found along banks of freshwater streams and with an edible fruit
which appears in the wet season
Syzygium forte (and also possibly Syzygium minutuliflorum)
dialect= Djnj, Gdj
anbudbud
n.
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 16
kurrajong tree
Brachychiton diversifolius
anbudj
n.
kind of tree (10-15m)
•Anbudj karri Djalbangurrk, Maburrinj Kodwolewole makih.
The anbudj tree grows in the clan regions of Djalbangurrk, Maburrinj and maybe
Kodwolewole.
Lophostemon grandiflorus
syn.= anbandad
dialect= Djnj
anbularl
n.
numerous shrubs of the Pityrodia genus, the leaves of which are eaten by alyurr Leichhardt’s
grasshopper
•Kure anbularl alyurr kabarnhbarndi kakongun.
Leichhardt’s grasshopper sits in Pityrodia shrubs and eats the flowers.
Pityrodia jamesii, Pityrodia pungens, Pityrodia ternifolia
dialect= Djnj
2. small woody shrub (1-2m) of sandstone habitats
•Anbularl kandengedjurrudjudme.
The anbularl shrub spikes our feet (when we walk on the dead leaves).
Verticordia decussata
dialect= Djnj
anbulembulem
n.
a kind of perennial grass with small yellow flowers
Eriachne triseta
ankonomkuyeng
n.
kind of grass
Aristeda sp.
dialect= Djnj
anbul(ng)kung
n.
kind of fern, the edible rhizome of which is pounded into a dry mash and mixed with honey
Blechnum indicum
dialect= Djnj
anbulngbulng
n.
kind of low growing common Acacia shrub to 1 metre
Acacia gonocarpa
syn.= andjanjdjanj
dialect= Djnj
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 17
Gdj= andjanjdjanj
anbulu
n.
small to medium tree (4-10m) with multi-stamened yellow flowers
Xanthostemon paradoxus
anbunbarr
n.
herb used for flavouring meat cooked in ground ovens
Corynotheca lateriflora
dialect= Djnj
I= manbunbarr
anbundak
n.
kind of poisonous plant
•Anbundak anbang.
The anbundak plant is poisonous.
[linnaen name??]
anbune
n.
kind of Eucalyptus tree
•Anbune anwerrkyahwurd, kukabo, rorrbono karrangen.
The Eucalyptus polycarpa tree has a fine bark of small flakes and grows on alluvial flats.
possibly Eucalyptus polycarpa
anbuneh
bunehno
n.
(cooked) rhizomes of the Nelumba ‘red lily’
•Bunehno barrikerribuni bakobkeyi wanjh barringuni.
They would cook the rhizomes and they would become soft and they would eat them.
dialect= Djnj
anbuningkidj
n.
short kind of billy goat plum tree which are no more than a metre high. The tall version is
called anmarlak.
•Anbuningkidj, anmarlak kanjdji kayo.
The anbuningkidj is a low growing billy goat plum tree.
Terminalia ferdinandiana
dialect= Djnj
anburda
n.
kind of edible tuber available in bangkerreng ‘late wet season’
•Anburda arridong arribekmarnbun.
We pound the Curculigo ensifolia tuber to make a mash.
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 18
Curculigo ensifolia
dialect= Djnj, Gdj
Gdj= anmulbirrk, andjay
Djnj syn.= andjay
anburddjimak
n.
kind of plant
[linnaen name??]
dialect= Djnj
anburluddak
n.
stringybark
Eucalyptus tetradonta
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= an-bordokorr, an-rebel
(m)anbordokorr
man-buludjurri
anburnduburndu
n.
kind of shrub
Tephrosia spp.
dialect= Djnj
anburrurnburrurn
n.
dodder laurel
Cassytha filiformis
anbuyali
n.
kind of Eucalypt manna, i.e. edible mealy flakes which fall from the leaves or are licked off
the leaves ; contrasted with a smaller variety known as manjmin.
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= anbundjak
andadjek
n.
fern-leaved grevillea
Grevillea pteridifolia
dialect= Djnj
syn.= anbarnko
I= mandadjek, E= manbongko
andadjek anlulumi
n.
a fern-leaved grevillea which has curved over and fallen down in a large arc.
dialect= Djnj
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
andak
n.
kind of small tree (3-5m) with edible green fruit
Persoonia falcata
andamed
n.
paste made from Nymphaea lily seeds.
dialect= Djnj
andangnud
n.
small to medium sized tree (3-10m) with edible black fruit
Pouteria sericia
dialect= Djnj
andarl
n.
kind of paperbark tree
Melaleuca viridiflora
andarlkbang
n.
kind of sandstone country spinifex similar to ankarrarndalk
unidentified
dialect= Djnj
andorok
n.
kind of Eucalyptus tree
Eucalyptus foelscheana (not confirmed)
andarrebulke
n.
kind of Eucalyptus tree
Eucalyptus herbertiana
andawk
n.
bush cucumber vine with an edible fruit available in the set season
Cucumis melo
andedjbang
n.
kind of tree (7-15m) with edible purple-black fruit
Vitex acuminata
anbalindja
dialect= Djnj
page 19
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 20
andem
n.
edible corms of waterlilies
•Yibengkan andem, dorrhno kudedjmad.
You know those corms, those lumps in the Nymphaea sp. roots?
dialect= Djnj
ande(r)
n.
red ash tree
Alphitonia excelsa
syn.= anbarrkkileng
dialect= Djnj
andiddih
n.
kind of large tree (15-25)
Canarium australianum
dialect= Djnj
andidjdjanku
n.
kind of yam which has toxins that must be processed before the tuber is edible
•Andidjdjanku anbadjan.
The Amorphophallus galbra is a large yam.
Amorphophallus galbra
dialect= Djnj
andildil
n.
kind of scrambling creeper in rock country habitats. The leaves are thick and contain a milky
sap.
Hoya australia
andinjhwern
adj.
1. (of plants) having a toothed or serrated edge or surface
2. (of tree branches or trunks) having many lopped off or broken branches or branch stumps
andirnku
n.
kind of cycad
•Andirnku arringowkme anme kakarrme.
The cycad has food, we grind it (the fruit).
Cycas armstrongii
andomorddomo
n.
kind of small tree in rock country
•Anmorddomo yiman kayime anlombeng kuwarddewaken.
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 21
The Asteromyrtus magnifica tree is like a Asteromyrtus symphyocarpa tree that grows in the
rock country.
Asteromyrtus magnifica
Melaleuca cornucopia
dialect= Djnj
andubirdahdubirdah
n.
kind of small leafless shrub (.5-1.5m)
Pachynema complenatum
dialect= Djnj
andudjmi
n.
green plum tree, tall variety (the short variety is called anwodberr or anbuningkidj)
Buchanania obovata
andulk
n.
kind of acacia
Acacia holosericea
Andulk is also a generic term for those Acacias whose branches can be used to manufacture
spear shafts. Others include Acacia species pelleta, seracaflora, torulosa and plectocarpa.
andumuk
n.
1. native cherry tree/shrub
Exocarpus latifolius
dialect= Djnj
2. kind of tree
Santalum lanceolatum
andumurluh
n.
kind of sandstone country bloodwood eucalyptus, similar to Eucalyptus polycarpa but
different
Eucalyptus ?
•Andumurluh karrangen kurorrbo, anwerrkkimuk.
The andumurluh stands in open country and has very thick (prominent) bark.
dialect= Djnj
andjabulhdjabulh
n.
wild tomato
•Nuye djabulhdjabulh barrk djukerre kamimburdme dja ka-ngun.
That’s his food, the black wallaroo, which it eats with its eyes closed.
Solanum echinatum
dialect= Djnj, Gdj
I, E= mandjabulhdjabulh
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 22
andjadbirnalk
n.
kind of rock country spinifex similar to ankarne
Triodia sp.?
dialect= Djnj
andjakurrkkurrk
n.
wild grape (a low growing and scrambling climber with edible black currant-like fruit)
•Andjakurrkkurrk ngurrurdu ka-ngun, kudjewk.
Emus eat the wild grape, in the wet season (when it fruits).
Ampellocissus acetosa
syn= anwak (a name for a number of plants with similar clustered fruits- Leea rubra,
Melostoma sp. and Ampelocissus acetosa).
dialect= Djnj
syn.= andjalke
Gdj = annunjek
andjalbbirdo
djalbbirdo
n.
kind of small tree (5-10m) with edible white fruit in late dry-early wet season.
•Djalbbirdo kaworrbalabala.
The Syzygium eucalyptoides tree has broad flat leaves.
Syzygium eucalyptoides ssp. bleeseri, Syzygium fibrosum
andjalen
n.
darwin woollybutt tree
Eucalyptus miniata (long-barked variety).
Short-barked variety is annerrekmi. ‘Long fibrous bark strips good for lighting fires. The
bark of (m)annerrekmi however is not so useful. The onset of flowering taken as a sign for
the start of wurrgeng [season], and as well, that the dry time is properly arrived. The seeds
may be eaten raw.’ [JRS 253]
syn.= djerrnggolh
dialect= Gdj, Djnj, W
I= anbalanjdjarr
I, E= man-balanjdjarr
andjalke
n.
wild grape (a low growing and scrambling climber with edible black currant-like fruit)
Ampelocissus acetosa
syn= anwak (a name for a number of plants with similar clustered fruits- Leea rubra,
Melostoma sp. and Ampelocissus acetosa).
dialect= Djnj
syn= andjakurrkkurrk
Gdj = annunjek
andjalkkardbam
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 23
n.
kind of plant
•Andjalkkardbam namarnde nuye ankarnbubumi karohrok, bad nuye namarnde.
Kukodj kakurrme namarnde. Minj karringeybun nuye ngeyno wardi kanbengbadjdje.
The andjalkkardbam plant is also called ankarnbubumi, the same plant, but it belongs to the
spirit being. It holds the plant in front of his head. We do not call the name of this plant by the
spirit name otherwise it would attack our minds.
•Barrk kangerrburren kure andjalkardbam.
The black wallaroo rubs itself against the andjalkardbam tree.
Platysace arnhemica
dialect= Djnj
andjambendord
djambendord
n.
1. sundew plant
•Djambendord yiman dikkala, me-yak marrek kakarrme anme.
The sundew is similar to Cartonema spicatum but it has no edible part.
Drosera petiolaris
2. synonym sometimes used for the prostrate form of (an)dikkala, ‘Cartonema spicatum’
which has an edible tuber. This can cause some confusion as both varieties of Cartonema
spicatum (the larger erect form and the prostrate form) have an edible tuber but the sundew
does not.
•Andjambendord arringun kaddum arridjalngun marrek arringolung. Arriwe mimno
arridjaldarrkidngun.
We eat the top part of the andjambendord, we just eat it without cooking it. We throw away
the seeds and eat it as it is.
Cartonema spicatum
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= anmardidjak
andjamko
n.
generic name for a group of sandstone country grevilleas
Grevillea angulata, Grevillea dryandri, Grevillea formosa
andjamko kukurlkwaken
n.
kind of prostrate grevillea
literally: ‘ground grevillea’ [as opposed to erect rock grevilleas]
Grevillea goodii
dialect= Djnj
andjandadj
n.
sand (fan) palm
Livistona humilis
dialect= E
Djnj= anmarrabbi
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 24
andjanek
n.
kind of edible tuber/small yam
Typhonium sp.
syn.= kubulurr
andjankarr
n.
branched comb fern- a kind of delicate terrestrial fern (20-45cm high)
•Andjankarr kakobun kamankan kayawoyhdangen kakolhdebebme.
The andjankarr plant flowers and then falls down and sprouts new shoots and grows up
again.
Schizacea dichotoma
dialect= Djnj
andjanjdjanj
n.
kind of grevillea shrub
Acacia gonocarpa
anbulngbulng
dialect= Djnj, Gdj
andjardawok
n.
kind of tree
possibly Diospyros calycantha
andjarduk
n.
red bush apple tree
Syzygium suborbiculare
andjarawa
n.
kind of Acacia
•Andjarawa kundulk andjewe, andulk bokenh.
The andjarawa tree is similar to andjewe, they are a pair of similar trees.
Acacia sericata
dialect= Djnj, Gdj
andjarirri
n.
firestick tree, a small (2-5m) shrub or tree used for fire drills
Premna acuminata
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= andjakkorl; I, W= mandjakkorl
andjarrbirlwarra
n.
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 25
kind of Gardenia tree
Gardenia megasperma
• Andjarrbirlwarra, makka ka-kobun bad, kaluk yekke ka-dangen o maitbi kudjewk,
ku-djewk ka-yawoyhkimukmen wanjh ka-rradjme kono ka-yakmen wanjh an-darrkid
lam wanjh ka-mankan ka-ngun wanjh ka-ngun munguyh ngurrurdu ngalengarre.
The Gardenia megasperma tree, it flowers, maybe in (late) wet season or early dry and it has
a growth spurt in the wet season and when the flowers have finished it sets fruit and the fruit
falls and is eaten continuously by emus. It is her food (for the emu).
E= man-birlhbirlh, W= man-moyi man-badjan, man-moyi badjanno, I= man-barlbinj,
all dialects also use the nickname man-moyi man-badjan ‘mother of green pums
[Buchanania obovata]’ for this tree.
andjarrarn
n.
kind of Eucalyptus tree
•Andjarrarn malakakah.
The andjarrarn tree is found in flat dry eucalypt country.
Eucalypt sp.
dialect= Djnj
yirridjdja moiety dialect= djanorro
andjarrawok
n.
kind of stone country plant
Desmos wardianus
dialect= Djnj
syn.= ankardabad
Gdj= ankardabad
andjay
n.
kind of edible tuber available in bangkerreng ‘late wet season’
Curculigo ensifolia
dialect= Djnj, Gdj
Gdj syn.= anmulbirrk, anburda
Djnj syn.= anburda
andjedj
n.
kapok bush
•Buluk dorrengh anbu andjedj, Lorrkkon Kunabibi karribulukmang.
The kapok tree has down used for body decoration in the hollow log and Kunabibi
ceremonies.
Cochlospermum fraseri
andjewe
n.
kind of Acacia tree
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 26
Acacia aulacocarpa
dialect= Djnj, Gdj
andjiladdjilad
n.
kind of small herbaceous plant with white flower
Andjiladdjilad kudjewk ngalengman ka-kobun. Ankukwarre anbang.
unidentified?
Edit: see photo in Djnj plants 5
andjiliwirn
n.
plant
unidentified?
dialect= Djnj
andjimdjim
n.
water pandanus tree
Pandanus aquaticus
andjimed
n.
1. kind of stone country habitat small tree (5-8m) with fleshy 2-3cm globular edible fruit
which appears in the dry season (Jul-Dec.). Black wallaroos also eat this fruit when it falls to
the ground and the area under these trees is often cleared by black wallaroos searching for the
fruit.
•Anmamkorn, andjimed kangun barrk kabirribolkbirrhme kanjdji kabirriyawan
barnemno.
The black wallaroos eat the Ficus subpubarula and Planchonella pohlmaniana fruits and rake
up the area under the trees as they search for the fruit.
Planchonella pohlmaniana
Djnj, Gdj
2.
kind of tree
Planchonella arnhemica
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= anbalmed
andjinirrinj
n.
mistletoe
•Bu arrinan yiman marrkidjbu, andjinirrinj karri ngalyod ngalengarre, ngaleng
kurrulk kayo. Kabimulewan, mayh kayo ngarriyime wardi kanbun, kanngun.
When we see it, a ‘clever man’ will see it, a mistletoe (which) belongs to the rainbow serpent,
it is her plant and she lives inside that (particular) tree. He will tell (us) that she is there, we
say that she lives there and we must beware otherwise she will kill us and consume us.
Amyema sanguineum var. pulchrum
dialect= Djnj
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 27
andjodmo
n.
1. kind of shrub to 1.5m high with hairy stems and an edible sweet but dry red-brown berries
Grewia retusifolia
2. another plant said to be a ‘kind of andjodmo
Hibbertia lepidota
dialect= Djnj
andjoh
n.
kind of acacia
Acacia difficilis
andjola
n.
large variety of fruit from the andjalbbirdo tree. Ordinary and small sized fruit is just called
andjalbbirdo
Syzygium eucalyptoides ssp. bleeserii
dialect= Djnj
andjomdji
n.
kind of fire sensitive sandstone country shrub
•Andjomdji andukkudukkurrh, yiman kayime andjumbak, yiman anyiwerr, ankudji
ankudji karri.
Andjomdji is a short shrub, similar to Calytrix brownii or another Calytrix, and it is not very
common.
Regelia punicea
andjohmolon
n.
kind of stemless herb .5-1m high which grows from a perennial tuber
Tacca leontopetaloides
dialect= Djnj
andjone
n.
kind of small tree (3-7m)
Terminalia pterocarya
dialect= Djnj, Gdj
andjudbulk
n.
kind of Eucalyptus tree Eucalyptus jacobsiana
•Andjudbulk ankung karrahkendong, yiman anbalanjdjarr ka-kukyime ankurlahrayek,
kuwardde, kuberrk karrangen.
Eucalyptus jacobsiana is a tree bees make honey from, similar to Eucalyptus miniata but the
bark is stronger and it grows in rock country and in open forest.
dialect= Djnj
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 28
andjulidjuli
n.
kind of acacia tree which grows in regolithic deposits on rocky platforms
Acacia sp. [presently without a species name, referred to by botanists as Acacia sp.24]
dialect= Djnj
andjumara
n.
kind of Eucalyptus, presently unidentified
dialect= Djnj
andjumbak
n.
small woody white-flowering Calytrix shrub
Calytrix brownii
dialect= Djnj
andjumbak kilehkilel
n.
small woody white-flowering Calytrix shrub which is smaller than Calytrix brownii and
grows on rock platforms.
Calytrix decusata
dialect= Djnj
andjungkurrk
n.
kind of gardenia tree
•Andjungkurrk arridarme kamanjmakmen kun-kanj.
We use andjungkurrk leaves to flavour meat and make it taste good.
Gardenia fucata
dialect= Djnj
andjurlukkumarlba
see: andjurlukkunmarlbam
andjurlukkunmarlbam
variant= andjurlukkumarlba
n.
kind of shrub or small tree (usually 2-3 m) which has edible dark purple berries
Antidesma ghaesembilla
syn= andjurlukkun
dialect= Djnj
andjurriyiddjurri
n.
white mangrove
Avicennia marina
Djnj?
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 29
andjuyh
n.
kind of Eucalyptus tree
Eucalyptus bleeseri
dialect= Djnj
I= mankalarr
ankamarlhkamarl
n.
kind of shrub (0.5-1m) with yellow flower in wet to mid dry season. Grows well in distrubed
areas, by roadsides and in abundance after hot fires
Cleome viscosa
dialect= Djnj
ankardabad
n.
kind of stone country plant
•Ankardabad kuwardde karri anme kakarrme barrk djukerre kangun.
The Desmos wardianus plant grows in the stone country and black wallaroos eat it’s fruit.
Desmos wardianus
dialect= Gdj, Djnj
Djnj syn.= andjarrawok
ankardadjirr
n.
large evergreen tree (12-20m) which grows along freshwater streams and has an edible white
fruit in the wet season, is also used as an ichthycide
•Ankardadjirr kurlahno arribun arringolung ka-njerreyhme ka-bangwayhme wanjh
arri-djuhke djenj ka-rrowen.
We pound the bark of Syzygium armstrongii, warm it over a fire and when it starts sizzling,
the poison comes out and we put it in the water and the fish die.
Syzygium armstrongii
ankardid
n.
terrestrial clumping fern associated with sandy soils
Platyzoma microphyllum
dialect= Djnj
I= manborlidjmanborlidj
ankarlwarrk
n.
kind of Gardenia tree, with reddish trunk
Gardenia resinosa
dialect= Djnj
ankarnbaldji
n.
kind of grass
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 30
Mnesithea rottboelioides
dialect= Djnj
ankarnbanj
n.
kind of palm tree
Carpentaria acuminata
Gdj, possibly also dialect= Djnj
ankarnbirr
n.
kind of Acacia tree
Acacia oncinocarpa
•Ankarnbirr kakobun daluworro.
The Acacia oncinocarpa flowers in the daluworro season.
dialect= Djnj
ankarnbukbuk
n.
kind of short herb with pompom inflorescence
Spermacocce sp.
may be referred to sometimes as ankodjmornmorn
dialect= Djnj
ankarndawalk
n.
coral tree
Erythina variegata var. orientalis
dialect= Djnj
ankarne
n.
kind of rock country spinifex
•Ankarne mani anbu kayawdingihdi.
This is Triodia plectrachnoides here these small ones everywhere here.
Note that there are two varieties of Triodia plechtrechnoides identified in Kundedjnjenghmi.
Anyokkorol is considered a large variety whilst ankarne is a small equivalent.
Triodia plectrachnoides
dialect= Djnj
ankarrarndalk
n.
kind of rock country spinifex
Triodia microstachia
dialect= Djnj
ankarrarndalk anngarrewern
n.
a thicket of rock spinifex
Triodia microstachia
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 31
dialect= Djnj
ankarrarndjalhkarrarndjal
n.
kind of rock country spinifex
•Ankarrarndjalhkarrarndjal yekkeken dalukorro kangun barrk, balemno kalno
kamarnburren. Kuwarddebuldjdjarn karri darnki njilhmi yiman kayime
Kumarrirnbang.
In the cool dry season when the south-east winds blow, the black wallaroo eats the triodia
grass and it increases their fat and bone marrow. It grows close to freshwater springs such as
at Kumarrirnbang.
Triodia sp.?[presently unidentified]
dialect= Djnj
syn.= anbodjub
ankawang
n.
kind of plant
Commelina ensifolia
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= anbidgalkberd
ankawulkkiwulkki
n.
kind of perennial grass
Aristida holathera
dialect= Djnj
ankindjek
n.
round yam/water yam/cheeky yam
Dioscorea bulbifera
dialect= Djnj
I= manyawok
ankirndih
variant= kirndihno
n.
saplings used to construct a fence fish trap across a flowing watercourse
•Kirndihno kundulk barri-warnamkani kunkalewobe.
The fence posts used in a kunkalewobe fishtrap are called kirndihno.
dialect= Djnj
ankobinj
n.
kind of fern which grows on rocks
Drynaria quercifolia, also Dicranopteris linearis
kuluban djurdno
dialect= Djnj
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 32
ankodjbang
n.
herbaceous water plant with edible nutty corms
Aponogeton elongatus
dialect= Djnj, Gdj
Gdj syn. = anbidjoh
ankodjmornmorn
an abundant late wet/early dry season herb with round white or pink head inflorescence. This
name is also used for a number of other similar wildflower herbs even with different coloured
flowers.
Borreria exserta, Gomphrena sp., Spermacocce spp.
Djnj, I= mankodjmornmorn
ankokbo
n.
kind of sandstone country cycad (presently undescribed?)
•Arridong djornno arrimarnbun.
We pound it and turn it into a mashed substance.
Cycas sp.
dialect= Djnj, Gdj
ankole
n.
bamboo
Bambusa arnhemica
ankolh
n.
cocky apple tree
Planchonia careya
dialect= Djnj
ankolomborr
n.
kind of sandstone country bloodwood Eucalyptus, presently unidentified
Eucalyptus ?
dialect= Djnj
ankomborloh
n.
kind of paper-fruited bloodwood Eucalyptus tree species
yirridjdja moiety
djanorro
Eucalyptus sp. (formerly Eucalyptus clavigera but presently a problem for botanical
classification)
ankong
kongno
n. (incorporable -kong-)
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 33
outer strips of bark from the stringybark tree, anburluddak/anbordokorr, ’Eucalyptus
tetradonta’
syn.= madjdjul
ankorl
n.
roots of Nymphaea waterlilies
dialect= Djnj
ankorlanglang
[ankorlangrlang]
n.
1. kind of eucalyptus tree
Eucalyptus ptychocarpa
dialect= Djnj
2. red-flowering variety of Eucalyptus setosa (which may also have white or pink flowers, but
only the red flowering variety is called ankorlanglang ).
ankorlokkorlo
n.
kind of eucalyptus tree
Eucalyptus papuaensis?
dialect= Djnj
status not clear
ankorakkora
n.
small purple flowering herb
•Ankorakkora nin kangun.
The double-barred finch eats (the seeds of) ankorakkora.
Solemostemon scutellarioides
ankorrko
n.
silver-leaved paperbark tree
Melaleuca argentea
ankorrwan
n.
white currant tree
•Ankorrwan kure kayawal karri, Birulk, Muraba, dulumno, yirridjdja.
The white currant tree is found where long yams grow at Birulk in the Muraba hill country in
yirridjdja moiety country.
Flueggea virosa
anngalele
ankudda
n.
kind of small tree, the leaves are highly desired by various kangaroos such as euros
•Ankurdda, kalkberd kangun kunworr.
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 34
The euro eats the leaves of the ankurdda tree.
Pavetta brownii
dialect= Djnj
ankudjed
n.
edible seeds of pandanus fruit. These must be extracted with some difficulty from the wedgeshaped woody clusters of the composite fruit heads.
dialect= Djnj
I= korrmo
ankukbam
n.
kind of edible small yam/tuber
•Ankukbam kukabo karri.
Triglochin procerum
dialect= Djnj
syn.= birrkarn
ankulunduh
n.
A flood plain Melaleuca which has some similarities to M. nervosa, although the latter often
has more brown to greyish bark. Melaleuca acacioides grows in more semi-saline situations
(e.g. back of tidal flats). The tree gives off a strongish odour like the smell of flying fox.
Melaleuca acacioides
dialect= Djnj
ankulurrudj
n.
short variety/growth stage of the sand palm known as marrabbi
Livistona humilis
dialect= Djnj
ankumbid
n.
kind of tree
•Ankumbid marrek konda karri, Maranboy karri. Barlkkan kabarrimarnbun.
Ankumbid is not found here (i.e. on the northern Arnhem Land plateau), but at Maranboy
(area). They use it to make boomerangs.
unidentified, possibly an Acacia.
ankunjngukbarrk
n.
a kind of Pityrodia shrub which is used for making firestick drills
•Ankunjngukbarrk arrimarnbuni kundarleh.
We used to make firestick drills from the Pityrodia sp. shrub.
Pityrodia sp.
dialect= Djnj
ankurddu
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 35
n.
kind of tree (5-15m) which grows in monsoon vine forest habitats and has a poisonous black
fruit.
•Ankurddu anbang anekke.
The Cryptocarya cunninghamii tree is poisonous.
Cryptocarya cunninghamii
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= anbindjarran
ankurladj
n.
spike rush with edible corms
•Bamurru lamno kangun ankurladj, bininj warridj.
Magpie geese eat the corms and so do people.
Eleocharis dulcis
dialect= Djnj
ankurlahbang
n.
kind of plant
•Marlkawo kamirnderri ankurlahbang, karrikarung karringolung karrikurlahwe.
At Marlkawo there are lots of ankurlahbang plants and we dig them up and roast them and
remove the skin.
Austrodolichos errabundus, Austrodolichos sp.
ankurlahbirmo
adj.
having hard skin (of fruit in this case)
syn.= ankurlahrayek
ankurlkurlh
n.
kind of paperbark tree
Melaleuca nervosa
ankurndalh
n.
kind of medium sized tree (7-12m) with edible black berries available late dry to wet season
Vitex glabrata
dialect= Djnj, Gdj
ankurndilinj
n.
medium tree with long drooping branches, grows near streams in rock country
•Ankurndilinj kunkurra kabun kaworlhme kunmalaworr.
The Leptospermum tree branches sway in the breeze.
Leptospermum spp.
There is only one species of Leptospermum in the Northern Territory.
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
ankurndjilk
n.
a kind of grass sometimes referred to as ‘bush sugar cane’
Heteropogon triticeus
dialect= Djnj
I= mayadjdja GDj= djilidjili
ankurrudjumuk
n.
small tree, the roots are used to extract a yellow dye
Pogonolobus reticulatus
dialect= Djnj
ankuybuk
n.
banksia tree
Banksia dentata
anlarr
n.
sandpaper fig
Ficus scobina
dialect= Gdj, Djnj
Djnj syn.= anyarrngeyarrnge, I= manyarrngeyarrnge
anlarrbbe
n.
kind of acacia
Acacia seracaflora
Known generically as andulk.
anlarrh
n.
cypress pine
Callitris intratropica
anleklek
n.
kind of tree used to treat skin infections such as scabies
•Anleklek anbang dorrengh.
The Opelia amentacea tree has poison.
Opelia amentacea
anlerrelerre
n.
leafless shrub 1-2m high with yellow pea flowers
•Ngurrurdu kakongun anlerrlerr.
Emus eat the flowers of anlerrelerre.
Bossiaea bossaeoides
page 36
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 37
anlombeng
n.
kind of multi-stemmed tree 4-10m high (previously classified as a Melaleuca), the flowers of
which are a source of nectar for honey bees.
•Anlombeng ankung karrahkendong.
The anlombeng tree fills up the honey hives.
Asteromyrtus symphyocarpa
dialect= Djnj
I= manlombeng
anlorlbbanlorlbban
n.
kind of short shrub with flowers that bees of the lorlbban hive type use to make honey
•Anlorlbbanlorlbban bodno kanan ka-warrengmarren “warreng ngarduk, warreng
ngarduk”, makka “warreng ngarduk” kabenkaybun kabandarhme.
The lorlbban honey bees see the Micraira sp. shrub and curse it to stop other bees coming
near it (and taking the nectar), they say “curse you, this is mine, curse you this is mine”, and
they refuse to share it with anyone.
syn.= lorlbban kawarrengmarren [lit: ‘it curses the lorlbban honey]
Micraira sp.
dialect= Djnj
anmalakaka
n.
kind of acacia tree with flowers of creamy globular heads (in May) and very rough highly
fissured dark brown to black bark
Acacia mimula
syn.= andjarrarn
Gdj= andjarrarn
anmamkorn
n.
kind of fig tree, food of many rock kangaroos such as nabarlek, badbong and the rock ringtail
possum djorrkkun
•Anmamkorn nabarlek, badbong, djorrkkun kangun.
The Ficus subpubarula is eaten by nabarleks, short-eared rock wallabies and rock ringtail
possums.
Ficus subpubarula
anmamnernemi
variant: anmamnenemi
n.
small whisly shrub with compound leaves and yellow flowers
Gompholobium subulata
anmanarlinj
n.
kind of fig tree with edible fruit
Ficus racemosa
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 38
anmanewarn
n.
kind of tree
Brachychiton megaphyllus
syn.= anwarnwarn
anmangalerrek
n.
kind of grass used to make necklaces
Leptocarpus spathaceus
dialect= Djnj
I= mangalerrek
anmangalorrbbo
n.
kind of grass
•Anmangalorrbbo yiman kayime mangalerrek dja kukbuyika, mangalerrek ankimuk.
Anmangalorrbbo anyahwurd mani.
The Lepyrodia spp. grass is similar to Leptocarpus spathaceus but it is different in that the
latter is larger. Lepyrodia spp. grass is this smaller one here.
Lepyrodia spp.
dialect= Djnj
anmardamarda
n.
kind of Acacia tree
Acacia torulosa
syn.= anmorrbo
dialect= Djnj
anmardawkmardawk
n.
kind of perennial grass
Eriachne sp.
dialect= Djnj
anmardba
n.
kind of Eucalyptus tree
Eucalyptus phoenicea
anmarlak
n.
billy goat plum
Terminalia ferdinandiana
dialect= Djnj, W
I= mandjiribidj
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 39
anmarnanj
n.
red-flowered kurrajong
Brachychiton paradoxum
dialect= Djnj,
W = manmarnanj
anmarnawan
n.
kind of small shrub (1-5m high), common near Kabulwarnamyo outstation although it rarely
grows more than 2m high in this region
•Kalara Birridjowkkeng karri-ngalke anmarnawan.
We can find the Croton arnhemicus tree at Cahill’s Crossing.
dialect= Gdj
Djnj= anwaddanmerre
Croton arnhemicus
anmarndengabek
n.
sparse tree up to 6m with long pinnate leaves
•Anmarndengabek kundarleh arrimarnbun yendeno.
We make firestick drill from the branches of Dolichandrone filiformis.
Dolichandrone filiformis
dialect= Djnj
anmarninj
n.
Sandstone spreading shrub 2-3m high. This plant is fire sensitive and grows in rock country
forming extensive groves where fire has not been able to affect it. Flowers are pink from the
start of the wet season (December) through to early dry (May). There is no agreed upon name
amongst Bininj for this plant. Sometimes it is referred to as anmirninj, anmarninj or kundulk
ngeyyak ‘plant with no name’.
Lithomyrtus sp. (formerly Myrtella sp.)
anmarredondolem
n.
large (5-15m) monsoon vine-forest tree associated with permanent freshwater streams
•Anmarredondolem kukabo karri.
The Aidia racemosa plant grows near creeks.
Aidia racemosa. Also known as Aidia cochinchinensis.
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= djirdu, mulunjmulunj
syn= kabirlekan
anmarrewahwa
n.
red lily
Nelumba nucifera
dialect= Gdj
Djnj= wurrmarninj
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 40
anmayikmud
variant= mayikmud
n.
kind of grass
•Anmayikmud djurrno kakarrme kandadje. Kunj nganabbarru marrek kangun
andjurrbang.
The anmayikmud grass has a sharp blade that can cut you. kangaroos and buffaloes don’t eat
it because of the dangerous sharp edge.
Scleria lingulata, Lycopodium cernuum
dialect= Djnj
anmerlemerleh
n.
kind of slender prostrate herb and yellow peaflowers, grows in the sandstone country.
Zornia nervata
anminem
n.
kind of Acacia tree
•Anminem kure ankung karrahkendong kayukkurrme kamarnbun ankung.
The Acacia sublanata tree fills up the honey hives, they (the bees) put liquid honey (in the
hives) and make honey.
Acacia sublanata
syn.= (an)bodjdjamiri
dialect= Djnj, Gdj
anminjminj
n.
perrenial prostrate trailing herb
•Ngurrurdu anme nuye, anminjminj.
The Hibbertia herb is food for emus.
Hibbertia sp.
dialect= Djnj
anminjmo
n.
1. kind of plant
•Anminjmo nabiwo ankung karri.
The Memecylon arnhemensis plant has nabiwo honey in it (i.e. its flowers).
Memecylon arnhemensis
2. kind of Acacia
•Anminjmo anmarninj karohrok, kono yelo kakarrme.
The Acacia mountfordiae shrub is similar to anmarninj but has yellow flowers.
Acacia mountfordiae
anminjmo anyahwurd
n.
kind of plant similar to Memecylon arnhemensis but smaller.
possibly Canthium sp.?
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 41
anmobban
n.
kind of small to medium sized tree (5-15m) with edible dry season fruits
Terminalia carpentariae
anmodjdje
n.
kind of wetland rush.
•Anmodjdje karri Kunrorrekalurlhdi, marrek karri kuwardde, kure kabbal karri.
The Eleocharis sphacelata rush grows at Kunrorrekalurlhdi (near Marrkolidjban), it doesn’t
grow in the stone country, but on the plains.
Eleocharis sphacelata
dialect= Djnj
anmolorrk
n.
kind of shrub or small tree (1.5-4m) which grows in sandstone vine forest
•Anmolorrk kuwarddelungurr, kukurlk karri.
The Clerodendrum floribundum tree grows in the ground in sheltered rocky gorges.
Clerodendrum floribundum
syn.= andjaridi
dialect= Djnj, Gdj
anmonjalhmonjalh
anmonjalnghmonjalngh
n.
1. generic term for a number of hibiscus with pinkish-purple flowers or other similar herbs
with similar flowers
Hibiscus arnhemicus, Abelmoschus moschatus
2. slender herb up to 1m high with pink flowers on long inflorescences (up to 35cm long),
associated with permanent freshwater streams
Coleus scutellarioides
•Anmonjalhmonjalh kuwardde, kungarre, njilhmi kure Karredjdjurle, Djorlok darnki.
The Coleus herb grows in the rock country, in vine forests and at freshwater springs such as
Karredjdjurle near Djorlok.
anmorakanbak
n.
kind of sandstone country plant
unidentified
dialect= Djnj
anmoroworr
n.
kind of woody shrub (between 1-2m)
•Anmoroworr ankung nungan nuye.
The Petelostigma quadriloculare shrub is a honey plant (i.e. bees collect pollen from it).
Petalostigma quadriloculare
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 42
dialect= Djnj
anmorrbo
n.
kind of Acacia tree
Acacia torulosa
syn.= anmardamarda
dialect= Djnj
anmorrng
n.
kind of rambling vine which climbs up many metres
Smilax australis
anmorrodondolem
Djnj, Gdj
anmorrodondolem
n.
kind of rambling vine which climbs up many metres
•Anmorrodondolem kabirri-we kuwukkukah djenj kangun bamrdek warridj.
They throw Smilax australis berries into the water and fish eat them and so do northern
snapping turtles (Elseya dentata).
Smilax australis
syn.= anmorrng
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= anmorrng
anmulbirrk
n.
kind of edible tuber available in bangkerreng ‘late wet season’
Curculigo ensifolia
dialect= Gdj
Djdj= anburda, andjay
anmurlmu
n.
kind of paperbark tree
Melaleuca cajaputi, Melaleuca leucadendra
syn.= mamomo
dialect= Djnj
anmurlurdum
n.
kind of Acacia tree
•Anmurlurdum kamirnderri.
There are many Acacia plectocarpa trees (here).
Acacia plectocarpa
dialect= Gdj, Djnj
Djnj syn.= anbirdarrbirdarr
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 43
anmurrukurl
n.
kind of acacia tree
syn.= anbongka
Acacia latescens
dialect= Djnj
anmurrulak
n.
kind of acacia tree
Acacia dimidiata
dialect= Djnj
annunjek
n.
wild grape (a low growing and scrambling climber with edible black currant-like fruit)
Ampelocissus acetosa
syn.= anwak (anwak is a name for a number of plants with similar clustered fruits- Leea rubra,
Melostoma sp. and Ampelocissus acetosa).
dialect= Gdj
Djnj= andjalke
anngabarrak
n.
kind of bloodwood Eucalytpus tree, variable-barked bloodwood or small-fruited bloodwood
formerly Eucalyptus dichromophloia, but non-Aboriginal taxonomy is presently in some
confusion
dialect= Djnj
anngaldjekmino
n.
seeds of the black wattle Acacia auriculiformis
dialect= Djnj
anngalele
n.
white currant tree
Flueggea virosa
ankorrwan
anngalemerrk
variant anngelemerrk
n.
kind of plant
Cynanchum pedunculatum
Djnj, Gdj
anngalng
n.
kind of acacia, not common on the Arnhem Land plateau (Kundedjnjenghmi country)
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 44
Acacia auriculiformis
dialect= I, Djnj
Gdj= galmang
anngarnarrngh
n.
kind of small to medium sized tree (4-12m)
Owenia vernicosa
Djnj (but rarely used)
syn.= anbalarra (more commonly used)
Gdj= anbarnadjdja E= manngarnarrngh I= manngarnarrh
anngarradjberl
variant:ngarrdjberl
n.
various kinds of prostrate herbs with scrambling stems and delicate pink to purple flowers
•Anngarradjberl meyak makka, kadjalkobokobun.
The anngarradjberl herbs have no edible parts, they just have flowers.
Comelina ensifolia, Scavola sp., Polymera ambigua
dialect= Djnj
anngarranjngarranj
n.
kind of perennial herb with edible roots
Curcuma australasica
anngawokngawok
n.
kind of tree 2-5m, with glossy black edible fruits
Bridelia tomentosa
dialect= Gdj, Djnj
Djnj syn.= anbirlemanjwarre
anngohngo
n.
rock pandanus
Pandanus basedowii
anngolbbon
n.
kind of Eucalyptus
•Anngolbbon ankurlahrayek.
The Eucalyptus jensenii tree has hard bark.
Eucalyptus jensenii
dialect= Djnj
2. may also refer to another tree, 8-15m high, common in monsoon vine forest and deep sand
Lophopetalum arnhemicum
dialect= Djnj
anngukmanj
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 45
n.
cheesefruit tree, 3-10m dense foliage
Morinda citrifolia
dialect= Djnj
I, W= manngukmanj
anrol
n.
wild rice
Oryza rufipogon
anwaddanmerre
variant: waddanmerre
n.
kind of woody shrub averaging 1-2 metres, the leaves change to a red colour as they die and
fall and were once used as a tobacco substitute.
•Waddanmerre andarleh.
The Croton arnhemicus shrub is used for fire-stick drills.
anwak
n.
1. a kind of erect spreading shrub (1-2m) with pink flowers and an edible black fruit with
purple pulp
Melastoma polyanthum
2. kind of erect spreading shrub with edible red to black berries
Leea rubra
•An-kodjbang kumekke ka-rri marrek ka-ngun bad ngalengman an-wak ka-djalngun
Wakkewakken. An-me anek ka-djalngun.
The Aponogeton elongatus plant is there but she doesn’t eat that food, she only eats Leea
rubra/Melastoma polyanthum, that Wakkewakken honey spirit. That is the only food that she
eats.
anwarnbu
n.
small to medium sized tree (5-10m) in sandstone country in monsoon vine forests
Xanthostemon psidioides
anwarnwarn
n.
kind of tree
Brachychiton megaphyllus
syn.= anmanewarn
anwinjhwinjh
n.
kind of Grevillea shrub
Grevillea dryandri
anwirdu
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 46
n.
kind of tree (5-10m) with edible red berries which appear in kurrung ‘build-up’ season until
early dry
Carallia brachiata
dialect= Djnj
anwirndilng
n.
kind of grass, used as a dye for colouring pandanus fibre used in basket making
Cyperas scariosus
dialect= Djnj
I= windilk ‘Haemodorum coccineum’
anwodberr
n.
green plum, short variety (the tall variety is called andudjmi
Buchanania obovata
anwohmi
n.
kind of herbaceous plant with an edible tuber
•Anwohmi anme bininj dja kornobolo.
People and agile wallabies eat the (tuber of) Ipomoea graminea
•Anwohmi manu man-me yiman karohrok 'biddadda', ankukyawuyahwurd.
The anwohmi plant has is edible with a tuber like a potato, but much smaller.
Ipomoea graminea
dialect= Djnj
anwolbbon
n.
kind of small tree (2-5 metres) with long weeping willow type branches which grows near
stream margins in the rock country
Lophopetalum arnhemica
anworrkuyengkuyeng
adj.
(of plants) elongated leaves
anwurnguh
n.
kind of small tree/shrub (2-4m) with yellow flowers in late dry season
Jacksonia dilatata
dialect= Djnj
anwurrbbu
n.
kind of tree which grows in monsoon vine thickets near permanent water
•Anwurrbbu arridame kamanjmakmen.
We use the Drypetes lasiogyna tree (leaves) to as a cooking herb to improve the flavour of
food.
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 47
Drypetes lasiogyna
dialect= Djnj
anwurrben
n.
kind of tree 7-10m
Lophostemon lactifolius
dialect= Djnj
anyahyay
n.
1. generic term for the dead branches of various small trees (e.g. acacias) which make good
kindling
dialect= Djnj
I, W, E= manyahyay
2. a kind of erect multi-stemmed shrub (up to 0.5m)
Boronia grandisepala
dialect= Djnj
anyakngarra
n.
common woodland pandanus tree
•Anyakngarra kanderrme.
The pandanus (leaf) spikes us.
Pandanus spiralis
anyangalinjdji
n.
the flowers of the iron wood tree
Anyangalinjdji andubang kono.
anyangalinjdji is the name of ironwood flowers.
Erythrophleum chlorostachys
dialect= Djnj
anyarrayan
n.
kind of Eucalyptus tree
Eucalyptus clavigera
dialect= Djnj
anyarrngeyarrnge
n.
sandpaper fig
Ficus scobina
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= anlarr [note: do not confuse this name with anlarrh ‘cypress pine’, note the glottal stop
difference at the end of the word]
anyawko
n.
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 48
kind of Eucalyptus tree
Eucalyptus tectifica
anyilinjbirrk
n.
kind of large tree (12-20m)
Xanthostemon eucalyptoides
anyilk
n.
kind of grass used for paint brushes which create the fine lines of hatching infill in painting
Cyperas javanicus
anyiwerr
n.
kind of shrub
Calytrix sp.??
dialect= Djnj
anyokkorlomud
n.
kind of grass
•Anyokkorlomud ankung arribarungi arridjuhkeyi arri-nguni ngurrurdi
arrikarlkidnguni.
We used to soak up and suck honey and emu cooking juices [with brushes made of]
Alloteropsis semialata.
Alloteropsis semialata
dialect= Djnj
anyokkorol
n.
kind of rock country spinifex
•Anyokkorol anmirrhbang, kuwardde ngalengman.
‘The Triodia plechtrechnoides grasses have painful sharp spikes and it is a rock country
plant’.
Note that there are two varieties of Triodia plechtrechnoides identified in Kundedjnjenghmi.
Anyokkorol is considered a large variety whilst ankarne is a small equivalent.
Triodia plechtrechnoides
anyuku
n.
kind of shrub or small tree (1-3m) found in sandstone country with black or dark purple
edible berries.
Antidesma parvifolium
dialect= Djnj
badjdjo
n.
small herbaceous plant with an edible tuber
Microstema tuberosum
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 49
dialect= Djnj
barddjubarr
n.
kind of twining vine with edible roots
Vigna vexillata, Vigna lanceolata
dialect= Djnj
bak
prefix: kunsee: kunbak
bamobebme
v.i.
(of a plant) the appearance of a seed pod
dialect= Djnj
bamono
n.
seed pod of a tree or shrub
syn.= anbamo
dialect= Djnj
bamowe
v.t.
(of a plant) to produce a seed pod
•Kabamowe kono barradjmeng wanjh kabamobebme.
When (a tree) produces a seed pod, it finishes flowering and then the seed pod appears.
dialect= Djnj
barddedde
n.
kind of climbing vine with tendrils on leaf tips
Flagellaria indica
dialect= Djnj
I= manbarddedde
bardmono
n.
stem of a plant, e.g. waterlily stems
•Wayuk kandimarnema ngabardmongun.
Give me some waterlily stems, I’ll eat them.
dialect= Djnj
barawalkno
n.
resin found on stems and leaves of various Triodia spinifex plants which is highly flammable
syn.= anbodjub
dialect= Djnj
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 50
baridjbarr
n.
kind of paperbark tree, Melaleuca leucadendra which grows on plain country. M.
leucadendra which grow in springs and by the edge of watercourses are called anmurlmu.
•Baridjbarr karri Kamarrkawarn, ankimuk.
There are Melaleuca leucadendra paperbarks at Kamarrkawarn, they are very big trees.
Melaleuca sp.?
barrdjungka
n.
kind of waterlily
Nymphaea sp.
baywal
n.
small herbaceous plant with an edible tuber said to be a larger variety of Microstema
tuberosum
•Baywal, badjdjo ankimuk.
The baywal plant is a big version of Microstema tuberosum
[linnaen name??]
dialect= Djnj
berkmarnbun
bekmarnbun
v.t.
mash a vegetable food such as tubers
berkno
bekno
n.
mashed edible vegetable such as mashed tuber
bilbilk
n.
a vigorous fire which burns beneath the matted roots and flotsam of riverbeds, especially in
paperbark forests
dialect= Djnj
bilinj
n.
kind of Eucalypt, possibly a bloodwood
presently unidentified
birdalbirdal
n.
kind of acacia good for attracting honey bees
Acacia praelongata
birlmanda
n.
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 51
kind of Eucalyptus tree
•Anbirlmanda Maranboy Bulmurn karri.
Eucalyptus bigalerita is found around Bulman and Maranboy.
Eucalyptus bigalerita
dialect= Djnj
birriyalang
n.
kind of paperbark tree found on plain country. The same tree in riverine environments is
called anmurlmu
Melaleuca leucadendra (plain country habitat only)
syn.= baridjbarr
dialect= Djnj
birrkarn
n.
kind of edible small yam/tuber
Triglochin procerum
dialect= Djnj
syn.= ankukbam
biyonbiyon
n.
kind of plant
Mitrasacme spp.
dialect= Djnj
bolbbolbbinj
n.
kind of grass used as a red-brown dye in basket making
•Windilk kaworrbalabala bolbbolbbinj worrdjokko.
The Haemodorum coccineum plant has flat leaves, the bolbbolbbinj plant has narrow/fine
leaves.
syn.= durda
Haemodorum brevicaule
dialect= Djnj
bordokorr
prefix: mann.
stringybark
Eucalyptus tetradonta
Djnj, Gdj
syn.= anburluddak
I= man-burluddak
borrelk
n.
1. kind of Acacia tree
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 52
Acacia humifusa
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= anmayhbalen (anmaihbalen in Gundjeihmi orthography)
2. possibly also Acacia platycarpa
dialect= Djnj
bunehno
see anbuneh
darleh
kunn.
1. firestick drill
2. any plant which can be used to make a firestick drill
dialect= Djnj
dermi
n.
generic term for seeds of various acacia, grevillea and eucalyptus trees such as Grevillea
pteridifolia, Grevillea heliosperma, Acacia oncinocarpa, Acacia torulosa, Acacia dimidiata
Eucalyptus tetradonta.
dialect= Djnj
dikkala anbadjan
n.
small herbaceous plant with an edible tuber
•Dikkala anbadjan, kunumeleng kakolhdebebme, yekke karri-karung karri-wilkdeng.
The Cartonema spicatum tuber sprouts in the early wet season and we dig them up in the dry
season.
Cartonema spicatum
dord
n.
kind of grass
•Dord Kunbarlanja karri kabbal, kawardde kayakki.
The Cyperas digitalis grass grows near Kunbarlanja on the plains and not in the rock country.
Cyperas digitalis
dialect= Djnj
dorrhno
n.
corms or small tubers produced by various plants
•Wayuk kakarrme dorrhno kudedjmad.
Nymphaea spp. waterlilies have corms in their roots.
dialect= Djnj
dubirdah
n.
kind of plant
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 53
Polymeria ambigua (?)
dialect= Djnj
djalamardi
n.
tree orchid
Dendrobium affine
dialect= Djnj
djamadobdob
n.
edible seeds of the woolybutt tree, Eucalyptus miniata
dialect= Djnj
djamandarr
n.
kind of taro, roasted overnight to remove toxins
Colocasia esculenta
Djnj, E
djankarr
n.
kind of shrub
•Kunkare barri-wungmi djankarr dabbarrabbolk.
A long time ago, the old people used to smoke (leaves of) Striga curviflora.
Striga curviflora
djankele
n.
kind of fan palm which grows in sandstone country
Livistona inermis
dialect= Djnj
djanorro
n.
kind of paper-fruited bloodwood Eucalyptus tree species
yirridjdja moiety
ankomborloh
Eucalyptus sp. (formerly Eucalyptus clavigera but presently a problem for botanical
classification)
djarralda
n.
kind of large monsoon vine-forest tree, the wood is used for making borndok ‘woomeras’
Calophyllum sil
dialect= Djnj
djekmino
n.
generic term for seeds from most Acacias and other similar seed pod trees
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 54
dialect= Djnj
djelamberd
n.
kind of plant that grows in rocky gullies
•Djelamberd kuwarddewaken kulungulungurrh kuwarddedubbe.
The Acanthus ilicifolius grows in rock country, in deep crevasses, in impenetrable rock
country.
Acanthus ilicifolius
dialect= Djnj
djendekno
n.
fruity pulp, the flesh of a fruit
dialect= Djnj
djilarddjilard
n.
lily
Crinum angustifolium, Crinum uniflorum
dialect= Djnj
djinhno
n.
(of plants) thorn, spike
•Yinahnarrimen kadjinh wardi ngunderrme!
Look out, it has thorns, it might spike you!
djornno
n.
the pulverised mash of vegetable food which must be ground as part of its preparation
•Arridong djornno arrimarnbun.
We pound it and turn it into a mashed substance.
djorrkkundedjmilrduk
n.
two kinds of sandstone country fig trees
Ficus platypoda, Ficus leucotrichna
dialect= Djnj
E= djorrkkundedjmilrdukno, I= djorrkkundedjmildungh
2. kind of woody climber or scrambling shrub 1-5m high which grows in monsoon vine
forests and sandstone rock habitats
Alyxia spicata
Djnj, Gdj
kabirlekan
n.
kind of tree (5-15m) with edible red berries, grows in monsoon vine thickets
Aidia racemosa (also known as Aidia cochinchinensis)
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 55
kalawan mayawu
n.
prostrate herb with vine-like stems and pinkish-purple flowers
Polymeria ambigua, but may also include Hibiscus menzeliae which has a similar large pink
flower
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= galawan, (or synonym) mayawu
2. slender shrub up to 1.5m with purple-pink flower
Osbeckia australiana
3. kind of trailing vine, with named small and large leaf varieties.
•Kalawan mayawu anworryahwurd, karrbilk anworrbalabala.
Kalawan mayawu is the small leafed variety and karrbilk has wide leaves.
Ipomea gracilis
kamarn
n.
kind of yam which has toxins that must be processed before the tuber is edible
•Kamarn arringun anme manu yiman andidjdjanku rerri.
The kamarn yam is edible and is similar to the Amorphophallus galbra yam.
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius
kanbelarridj
n.
cockroach bush
•Kanbelarridj kadarlehme karayekmen kebno arridjeddjedme borndok-ken arriyami
kunj.
The cockroach bush dries out and becomes hard. We fashion the nose peg for spear throwers
from it in order to spear kangaroos.
Templetonia hookerii
syn.= milnjirr
kandirrikkal
n.
wild orange tree
Capparis umbonata
dialect= Djnj
kankangehken
n.
a prostrate herb with perrenial root stock
Stemona australiana
dialect= Djnj
karnbaldje
n.
kind of plant (unidentified), grows in monsoon jungles
•Karnbaldje kungarre yiman kayime ankabo kuwukku karri.
The karnbaldje plant grows in jungles such as in freshwater streams.
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 56
karrbilk
n.
kind of trailing vine, with named small and large leaf varieties.
•Kalawan mayawo anworryahwurd, karrbilk anworrbalabala.
Kalawan mayawo is the small leafed variety and karrbilk has wide leaves.
Ipomea gracilis
kayawal
n.
long yam
Dioscorea transversa
dialect= Djnj
W, I, E= karrbarda
kirriwukkirriwuk
n.
crab’s eye vine
Abrus precatorius
dialect= Djnj, Gdj
konguyno
kun-konguy
n. (incorporable)
flowers, especially those of paperbarks, eucalypts and other trees which attract honey bees,
flying foxes and other flower-eating animals
kono, nguyno
dialect= Djnj
I= nguyno E= kono
kordow
n.
kapok tree
Bombax ceiba
dialect= Djnj
korono
n.
elongated winding shape e.g. a vine, long plant stem or the body of a snake
kubulurr
n.
kind of edible tuber/small yam
Typhonium sp.
andjanek
kuluban djurdno
n.
kinds of fern which grow on rocks
Drynaria quercifolia, Dicranopteris linearis and Stenochlaena palustris
ankobinj
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 57
dialect= Djnj
kuluwuk
n.
kind of large tree (10-25m) which grows in monsoon vine thickets
Ganophyllum falcatum
kunbak
n.
generic name for many kinds of water weed
includes for example Eriocaulon setaceum
dialect= Djnj, I
kundalk nin nuye
n.
kind of grass eaten by the double-barred finch Taeniopygia bichenovii.
Eriachne obtusa
dialect= Djnj
kundalk ngeyyak
n.
1. a kind of herbaceous plant which does not have a name in Bininj Kunwok, but some
kangaroos eat it.
Fimbristylis composita
2. kind of small herb (.5m) with white ‘lamb’s tail’ inflorescence
Ptilotus sp.
kundulk ngeyyak
n.
1. kind of tree which does not have a name in Bininj Kunwok, thus the reference ‘no name’
Xyris spp.
dialect= Djnj
2. a kind of grass which does not have a name in Bininj Kunwok, thus the reference ‘no
name’, eaten by buffaloes, agile wallabies and euros
Schizachyrium sp.
dialect= Djnj
kurlwirri
n.
giant fan palm (up to 20m)
•Kurlwirri, kurlahno arringun murrngno arriwe.
We eat the skin of the fruit of the giant fan palm and throw away the pit.
Corypha elata
kurrkno
n.
pith of palm trees which is edible
dialect= Djnj
kuybuk
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 58
n.
banksia
Banksia dentata
dialect= Djnj
larlhme
v.I.
action of a seed pod opening up
mabbarra
n.
kind of paperbark tree
•Mabbarr kabbal karri.
The Melaleuca sp. tree grows on the plain country.
Melaleuca nervosa.
madjalkbadj
n.
kind of edible yam/small tuber
Typhonium sp.
kubulurr
madjawarr
n.
1. Cane-grass, shafts used as fish-spears. 2. This is also the name for the spears made from
this cane (small spear, goose spear).
Phragmites karka
madjdjul
n.
outer strips of bark from the stringybark tree, anburluddak, ’Eucalyptus tetradonta’
ankong
makkulurr
n.
kind of large tree 10-25m with edible fruit
Maranthes corymbosa, Terminalia sericocarpa
makolkol
n.
kind of hibiscus plant
Hibiscus meraukensis
malerrweb
n.
kind of plant
Aeschynomene aspera, Aeschynomene indica
Gdj
Djnj= ?
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 59
mamomo
n.
kind of paperbark tree
Melaleuca cajaputi
anmurlmu
Djnj, Gdj
mamomo
n.
kind of paperbark tree
Melaleuca cajuputi
manjalkmanjalk
n.
kind of plant
Calycopeplus casuarinoides??
dialect= Djnj
Gdj = anbiddengdeng
manjmin
n.
small variety of Eucalypt manna, i.e. flakes of edible ; contrasted with the larger variety
known as anbuyali.
mardadubba
n.
kind of sorghum grass (‘spear grass’) which is classified by patrimoiety as duwa and falls to
the ground after drying later in the year.
•Anbedje werrk kabardbakme, mardadubba yerre.
The yirridjdja moiety sorgum grass falls down first and then the duwa moiety variety (falls
later).
mardebulhmardebulh
n.
kind of aquatic herb
•Mardebulhmardebulh lam ka-karrme kanjdji ku-kurlk. Karridjeddjedme karringolung karri-dong wanjh ka-kobke berkno wanjh karri-ngun.
The Nymphoides indica has a small tuber under the ground. We slice it up, roast it on the
coals, pound it and then the mash becomes soft and we eat it.
Nymphoides indica
dialect= Djnj
marebulu
n.
kind of waterlily
Nymphaea macrosperma?
marrabbi
n.
sand (fan) palm
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 60
•Marrabbi anbalabala worrno.
The sand palm has flat/wide leaves (as opposed to other fan palms such as Livistona inermis)
Livistona humilis
dialect= Djnj
marrunj
n.
gronophyllum palm
Gronophyllum ramsayi
dialect= Djnj
mawurrumbulk
n.
1. generic name for plants which can be used as an icthycide. An exception is the plant
Cajanus sp. which although called mawurrumbulk is not used for fish poison because it is not
effective.
2. kind of plant used as an icthycide
e.g. Cajanus acutifolia, Distichostemon hispidulum
dialect= Djnj
mayamaya
n.
kind of grass
•Nin kangun mayamaya.
The double-barred finch eats (the seeds of) mayamaya.
Panicum tricoides
merrembi
n.
shrub with leaves that are used as icthycides
•Merrembi arrimang djenj arrikolhbun ka-rrowen.
We use the Tephrosia leaves to kill fish.
•Merrembi ka-djarnabebme ka-djarnangun ka-rrowen djenj.
The Tephrosia sp. has soapy suds which come out and when fish imbibe them, they die.
Tephrosia sp.
dialect= Djnj
midjakkurr
n.
kind of small shrub
either Philanthus sp. or Sauropus sp.?
mileken
n.
taro
•Mileken kukabo, kanjdji kukedjelk kure.
Taro grows on the lower regions near water streams in cool places.
Colocasia esculenta
dialect= Djnj
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 61
milnjirr
n.
cockroach bush
•Kanbelarridj kadarlehme karayekmen kebno arridjeddjedme borndok-ken arriyami
kunj. Milnjirr kunngeybokenh.
The cockroach bush dries out and becomes hard. We fashion the nose peg for spear throwers
from it in order to spear kangaroos. There are two names, [kanbelarridj and] milnjirr.
Templetonia hookerii
syn.= kanbelarridj
mirnidjokkolo
n.
kind of annual grass
Setaria apiculata
•Mirnidjokkolo mayhmayh nuye nin.
The Setaria apiculata grass belongs to the double barred finch Taeniopygia bichenovii.
dialect= Djnj
mirninj
anmirninj
n.
1. kind of erect shrub 1-2m with sharp leaf tips and small yellow flowers
Labichea nitida
2. sandstone spreading shrub 2-3m high. This plant is fire sensitive and grows in rock country
forming extensive groves where fire has not been able to affect it. There is no agreed upon
name amongst Bininj for this plant. Sometimes it is referred to as anmirninj, anmarninj or
kundulk ngeyyak ‘plant with no name’.
Lithomyrtus sp. (formerly Myrtella sp.)
modjdje
n.
kind of spike rush
Eleocharis sphacelata
monjalnghmonjalngh
n.
kind of small yam
Ipomea abrupta
morlkalk
n.
kind of yam with toxins that must be removed before the tuber is edible
? Amorphophallus sp.?
dialect= Djnj
nabowirlih
n.
flowers of Melaleuca spp. such as M. leucadendra
dialect= Djnj
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 62
nangarddemo
n.
kind of waterlily
Nymphaea sp.
nangarlminj
n.
miniature ground orchid with delicate white and mauve coloured flowers which appear in late
dry to early wet seasons
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= nangarda
narddo
n.
kind of tree (10-20m) in vine forests
Myristica insipida
dialect= Djnj
identified from a photograph only and the identification is therefore suspect. Cupaniopsis
anacardioides was also given the same name narddo.
niniwirrih
n.
kind of plant
•Niniwirrih ngurrurdu kangun, ankung karrahkendong.
Emus eat the Daviesia reticulata shrub and bees fill their hives with honey from it.
Daviesia reticulata
ngabudjngamimidjidbilk
n.
kind of grass similar to the sandstone country spinifexes such as anyokkolomud.
(unidentified)
ngaldjinidjinirrinjken
n.
indirect name for ngalyod ‘the rainbow serpent’ because rainbow serpents are said to be
associated with some mistletoe (i.e. andjinirrinj ) and only ‘clever men’ are able to determine
whether or not a rainbow serpent lives in a tree which has a mistletoe.
dialect= Djnj
ngandjakorlhngandjakorlh
andjakorlh-andjakorlh
n.
kind of grass
•Andjakorlhandjakorlh duwa yiman mardadubba.
The andjakorlhandjakorlh grass is of the duwa moiety like the duwa sorghum grass.
unidentified
dialect= Djnj
nganjno
n.
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 63
waterlily seed pod
dialect= Djnj
ngulurr
variant= nguluno
n.
organic dried flotsam found in river beds and along the margins of watercourses.
dialect= Djnj
njalkkan
n.
tree orchid
Cymbidium canaliculatum
njilinjbirrk
n.
rock country shrub with flower associated with honey bees
Hibbertia oblongata
Djnj.
rong
anrong
n.
stems of Flagellaria indica which are cut off, the ends chewed to make a brush and then
poked into honey hives with difficult access and the ends of the brushes are then sucked
•Rong arri-berlbakkeyi arri-bayi arri-karlkiddjolowkkeyi.
We would break off stems (of Flagellaria indica vine), chew the end and soak up the nectar.
walanjarra
n.
kind of tree, Leichhardt tree
Nauclea orientalis
dialect= Djnj
wayuk
n.
waterlily
Nymphaea violacea
womoro
n.
pandanus which grows in open forest, as opposed to water pandanus or rock pandanus. This is
a vegetation habitat term rather than an individual plant name.
miwomohwomoro
grove of open forest pandanus.
worrowme
v.i.
new shoots starting to grow on a plant
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 64
wularr
n.
kind of plant
Dysoxylum acutangulum
dialect= Djnj
wulumu
n.
kind of sorghum grass (‘spear grass’) which is classified by patrimoiety as yirridjdja and dries
out and falls down before the mardadubba sorghum grass of duwa moiety.
wurrmarninj
n.
red lily
•Wurrmarninj karri Wulk darnki Kunbarlanja.
The Nelumba red lily grows at Wulk near Kunbarlanja.
Nelumba nucifera
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= anmarrewahwa
wurruhwayoh
n.
kind of perrenial spear grass
•Wurruhwayoh ankung karrahkendong.
The Sorghum plumosum is a honey plant (i.e. bees collect pollen from it).
Sorghum plumosum
yirridjdja
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= ngarddjarr
wurrurrumi
n.
kind of climbing vine
Tinospora smilacina
dialect= Djnj, I
Gdj= an.gukdenge
yakkirrdjdja
n.
milkwood tree
Alstonia actinophylla
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= andjenjdjok
yende
prefix: mann. (incorporable)
1. branch coming off main stem or trunk of a tree or plant
•Nani yi-na bobbidj, la nga-bidbun wanjh nga-rradjeng wanjh nga-rradje nga-yendedadjke nga-yende-dadjke ka-mankan." "Ma ma ma," bidbom wanjh yende-dadjeng,
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 65
yende-dadjeng rowk 'wey bum' mankang.
You see that honey hive there, well I'll climb up and cut it, I'll cut all the branches off and it'll
fall down. "Yeah OK, OK." He climbed up and cut all the branches off; 'thud', it fell down.
2. branch or tributary of a watercourse.
an-yendewern
Lots of little tributaries or channels of a watercourse
Djnj, I
(m)an-kaboh(m)ankabo.
yirralal
n.
kind of tree (5-15m) which grows in monsoon vine thickets and is generally restricted to the
most western parts of Arnhem Land and the country of Gundjeihmi speakers.
•Yirralal marrek konda karri, kure kabbal karri.
The Elaeocarpus arnhemicus is not found here (on the highlands of the Arnhem Land
plateau), it grows on the plains.
Elaeocarpus arnhemicus
dialect= Djnj
yirrbbinj
n.
large monsoon forest tree (10-20m) and sometimes grows within anbinik forests.
Polyalthea australis, Polyalthea nitidissima
yirrkiyirrki
n.
carpentaria palm
Carpentaria acuminata
dialect= Djnj
Gdj= an.garnbanj
yong
prefix: an-/ngann.
edible radish-like bush tuber
possibly either [Ipomoea abrupta or Decaschistia byrnesii].
•An-warddewaken, bad yinkad mimih ke kangun, kangun ngalekke mimih, an-yong,
ngan-burre, nguddah, bulanj, yingeybun, karringeybun mak ngan-burre.
It grows in the rock country but mimih eat it, that an-yong tuber, you Bulanj, you call it.... we
also all call it ngan-burre.
dialect= Djnj
I= manburre
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 66
Scientific name to Kundedjnjenghmi Finder List
Abelmoschus moschatus
Abrus precatorius
Acacia aulacocarpa
Acacia auriculiformis
Acacia difficilis
Acacia dimidiata
Acacia gonocarpa
Acacia gonocarpa
Acacia holosericea
Acacia humifusa
Acacia latescens
Acacia latescens
Acacia mimula
Acacia mountfordiae
Acacia oncinocarpa
Acacia platycarpa
Acacia platycarpa
Acacia plectocarpa
Acacia plectocarpa
Acacia praelongata
Acacia seracaflora
Acacia sericata
Acacia sp.
Acacia sublanata
Acacia sublanata
Acacia torulosa
Acacia torulosa
Acacia torulosa
Acanthus ilicifolius
Aeschynomene aspera
Aeschynomene indica
Aidia cochinchinensis/racemosa
Aidia racemosa/ cochinchinensis
Allosyncarpia ternata
Alloteropsis semialata
Alphitonia excelsa
Alphitonia excelsa
Alstonia actinophylla
Alyxia spicata
Amorphophallus galbra
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius
anmonjalhmonjalh
kirriwukkirriwuk
andjewe
anngalng
andjoh
anmurrulak
anbulngbulng
andjanjdjanj
andulk
borrelk
anbongka
anmurrkurl
anmalakaka
anminjmo
ankarnbirr
anbarrel
anbarrkkala
anbirdarrbirdarr
anmurlurdum
birdalbirdal
anlarrbbe
andjarawa
andjulidjuli
anbodjdjamiri
anminem
anbamdjen
anmardamarda
anmorrbo
djelamberd
malerrweb
malerrweb
anmarredondolem, kabirlekan
kabirlekan, anmarredondolem
anbinik
anyokkolomud
anbarrkkileng
ande(r)
yakkirrdjdja
djorrkkundedjmilrduk
andidjdjanku
kamarn
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
Amorphophallus sp.?
Ampelocissus acetosa
Ampelocissus acetosa
Ampelocissus acetosa
Amyema sanguineum var. pulchrum
Aneilema siliculosum
Ankarnbirr kakobun daluworro
Antidesma ghaesembilla
Antidesma parvifolium
Aponogeton elongatus
Aristeda sp.
Aristida holathera
Asteromyrtus symphyocarpa
Austrodolichos errabundus
Austrodolichos sp.
Avicennia marina
Bambusa arnhemica
Banksia dentata
Banksia dentata
Blechnum indicum
Blepharocarya depauperata
Bombax ceiba
Boronia grandisepala
Borreria exserta
Bossiaea bossaeoides
Brachychiton diversifolius
Brachychiton megaphyllus
Brachychiton megaphyllus
Brachychiton paradoxum
Bridelia tomentosa
Bridelia tomentosa
Buchanania arborescens
Buchanania obovata
Buchanania obovata
Buchanania obovata
Cajanus acutifolia
Callitris intratropica
Calophyllum sil
Calycopeplus casuarinoides??
Calycopeplus casuarinoides??
Calytrix achaeta
Calytrix arborescens
page 67
morlkalk
andjakurrkkurrk
andjalke
annunjek
andjinirrinj
anbidkawang
ankarnbirr
andjurlukkunmarlbam
anyuku
ankodjbang
anbulembulem ankonomkuyeng
ankawulkkiwulkki
anlombeng
anlombeng
ankurlahbang
andjurriyiddjurri
ankole
ankuybuk
kuybuk
anbulkung
anbiruk
kordow
anyahyay
ankodjmornmorn
anlerrelerre
anbudbud
anmanewarn
anwarnwarn
anmarnanj
anbirlemanjwarre
anngawokngawok
anbikkurrudj
anbuningkidj
andudjmi
anwodberr
mawurrumbulk
anlarrh
djarralda
anbiddengdeng
manjalkmanjalk
anbirrbbirr
anbarnayalak, anbarndarr
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
Calytrix brownii
Calytrix exstipulata, Calytrix arborescens
Calytrix exstipulata, Calytrix arborescens
Calytrix sp.??
Canarium australianum
Canthium sp.? possibly
Capparis umbonata
Carallia brachiata
Carpentaria acuminata
Carpentaria acuminata
Cartonema spicatum
Cartonema spicatum
Cassytha filiformis
Cleome viscosa
Clerodendrum floribundum
Cochlospermum fraseri
Cochlospermum gillivraei
Cochlospermum gregorii,
Coleus scutellarioides
Colocasia esculenta
Colocasia esculenta
Comelina ensifolia
Commelina ensifolia
Corynotheca lateriflora
Corypha elata
Crinum angustifolium,
Crinum uniflorum
Croton arnhemicus
Cryptocarya cunninghamii
Cryptocarya cunninghamii
Cucumis melo
Curculigo ensifolia
Curculigo ensifolia
Curculigo ensifolia
Curcuma australasica
Cycas armstrongii
Cycas sp. (rock arnhem)
Cymbidium canaliculatum
Cynanchum pedunculatum
Cyperas digitalis
Cyperas javanicus
Cyperas scariosus
Daviesia reticulata
andjumbak
anbarnayalak
anbarndarr
anyiwerr
andiddih
anminjmo anyahwurd
kandirrikkal
anwirdu
ankarnbanj
yirrkiyirrki
andjambendord
dikkala anbadjan
anburrurnburrurn
ankamarlhkamarl
anmolorrk
andjedj
anbiyarrng
anbiyarrng
anmonjalhmonjalh
djamandarr
mileken
anngarradjberl
ankawang
anbunbarr
kurlwirri
djilarddjilard
djilarddjilard
anmarnawan
anbindjarran
ankurddu
andawk
anburda
andjay
anmulbirrk
anngarranjngarranj
andirnku
ankokbo
njalkkan
anngelemerrk
dord
anyilk
anwirndilng
niniwirrih
page 68
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 69
Decaschistia byrnesii or Ipomoea abrupta anyong
Dendrobium affine
djalamardi
Denhamia obscura
anbirlimanjyak
Desmos wardianus
andjarrawok
Desmos wardianus
ankardabad
Dicranopteris linearis
ankobinj, kuluban djurdno
Dioscorea bulbifera
ankindjek
Dioscorea transversa
kayawal
Diospyros calycantha possibly
andjardawok
Distichostemon hispidulum
mawurrumbulk
Dolichandrone filiformis
anmarndengabek
Drosera petiolaris
andjambendord
Drynaria quercifolia
ankobinj, kuluban djurdno
Drypetes lasiogyna
anwurrbbu
Dysoxylum acutangulum
wularr
Elaeocarpus arnhemicus
yirralal
Eleocharis dulcis
ankurladj
Eleocharis sphacelata
anmodjdje
Eleocharis sphacelata
modjdje
Eriachne obtusa
kundalk nin nuye
Eriachne sp.
anmardawkmardawk
Eriachne triseta
anbulembulem
Eriocaulon setaceum
kunbak
Erythina variegata var. orientalis
ankarndawalk
Erythrophleum chlorostachys
anyangalinjdji
Eucalypt sp.
andjarrarn
Eucalyptus ?
andumurluh
Eucalyptus ?
ankolomborr
Eucalyptus alba
anbernbern
Eucalyptus bigalerita
birlmanda
Eucalyptus bleeseri
andjuyh
Eucalyptus clavigera
anyarrayan, ankomborloh, djanorro
Eucalyptus confertiflora
anbirrkul
Eucalyptus dichromophloia (formerly), but non-Aboriginal taxonomy is presently in some
confusion
anngabarrak
Eucalyptus foelscheana (not confirmed)
andorok
Eucalyptus herbertiana
andarrebulke
Eucalyptus jacobsiana
andjudbulk
Eucalyptus jensenii
anngolbbon
Eucalyptus miniata (long-barked variety). anbalanjdjarr
Eucalyptus miniata (long-barked variety). andjalen
Eucalyptus phoenicea
anmardba
Eucalyptus polycarpa, possibly
anbune
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 70
Eucalyptus ptychocarpa
ankorlanglang
Eucalyptus sp. (formerly <Eucalyptus clavigera> but presently a problem for botanical
classification)
ankomborloh
Eucalyptus sp. (formerly <Eucalyptus clavigera> but presently a problem for botanical
classification)
djanorro
Eucalyptus tectifica
anyawko
Eucalyptus tetradonta
anburluddak
Eucalyptus tetradonta
bordokorr
Exocarpus latifolius
andumuk
Ficus platypoda, Ficus leucotrichna
djorrkkundedjmilrduk
Ficus racemosa
anmanarlinj
Ficus scobina
anlarr
Ficus scobina
anyarrngeyarrnge
Ficus subpubarula
anmamkorn
Ficus virens
anbornde
Fimbristylis composita
kundalk ngeyyak
Flagellaria indica
barddedde
Flueggea virosa
ankorrwan
Flueggea virosa
anngalele
Ganophyllum falcatum
kuluwuk
Gardenia megasperma
anbarlbbirr
Gardenia resinosa
ankarlwarrk
Gardenia fucata
andjungkurrk
Gompholobium subulata
anmamnernemi
Gomphrena sp.
ankodjmornmorn
Grevillea angulata
andjamko
Grevillea decurrens
anbardbard
Grevillea dryandri
anwinjhwinjh
Grevillea dryandri,
andjamko
Grevillea formosa
andjamko
Grevillea goodii
andjamko kukurlkwaken
Grevillea heliosperma
anbardbard
Grevillea pteridifolia
anbarnko
Grevillea pteridifolia
andadjek
Grewia retusifolia
andjodmo
Gronophyllum ramsayi
marrunj
Haemodorum brevicaule
bolbbolbbinj
Heteropogon triticeus
ankurndjilk
Hibbertia lepidota
andjodmo
Hibbertia oblongata
njilinjbirrk
Hibbertia sp.
anminjminj
Hibiscus arnhemicus
anmonjalhmonjalh
Hibiscus menzeliae, Polymeria ambigua
kalawan mayawu
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
Hibiscus meraukensis
makolkol
Hoya australia
andildil
Ipomea abrupta
monjalnghmonjalngh
Ipomea gracilis
kalawan mayawu
Ipomea gracilis
karrbilk
Ipomoea abrupta or Decaschistia byrnesii anyong
Ipomoea graminea
anwohmi
Jacksonia dilatata
anwurnguh
Labichea nitida
mirninj
Leea rubra
anwak
Leptocarpus spathaceus
anmangalerrek
Livistona humilis
andjandadj
Livistona humilis
ankulurrudj
Livistona humilis
marrabbi
Livistona inermis
djankele
Livistonia benthamii
anbabinjbabinj
Lophopetalum arnhemicum
anngolbbon
Lophostemon grandiflorus
anbudj
Lophostemon lactifolius
anwurrben
Maranthes corymbosa
makkulurr
Marsdenia viridifloria
albun
Melaleuca argentea
ankorrko
Melaleuca cajaputi
anmurlmu
Melaleuca cajaputi
mamomo
Melaleuca cajuputi
mamomo
Melaleuca dealbata??, M. nervosa??
anbirdubbirdu
Melaleuca leucadendra
anmurlmu
Melaleuca leucadendra(plain country habitat only) birriyalang
Melaleuca nervosa
ankurlkurlh
Melaleuca nervosa.
mabbarra
Melaleuca nervosa??,M. dealbata??
anbirdubbirdu
Melaleuca sp.?
baridjbarr
Melaleuca viridiflora
andarl
Melastoma polyanthum
anwak
Melodorum rupestre
anbadbirri
Memecylon arnhemensis
anminjmo
Micraira sp.
anlorlbbanlorlbban
Microstema tuberosum
badjdjo
Mitrasacme spp.
biyonbiyon
Mnesithea rottboelioides
ankarnbaldji
Morinda citrifolia
anngukmanj
Myristica insipida
narddo
Myrtella sp.
anmirninj
page 71
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
Nauclea orientalis
Nelumba nucifera
Nelumba nucifera
Nymphaea macrosperma?
Nymphaea sp.
Nymphaea sp.
Nymphaea violacea
Nymphoides indica
Nymphoides sp.
Opelia amentacea
Oryza rufipogon
Osbeckia australiana
Owenia vernicosa
Owenia vernicosa, Owenia reticulata
Pachynema complenatum
Pandanus aquaticus
Pandanus basedowii
Pandanus spiralis
Panicum tricoides
Parsonsia velutina
Pavetta brownii
Persoonia falcata
Petalostigma pubescens
Petalostigma quadriloculare
Philanthus sp. or Sauropus sp.?
Philydrum lanuginosum
Pityrodia jamesii
Pityrodia pungens
Pityrodia sp.
Pityrodia ternifolia
Planchonella arnhemica
Planchonella pohlmaniana
Planchonia careya
Platysace arnhemica
Platyzoma microphyllum
Pogonolobus reticulatus
Polyalthea australis, Polyalthea nitidissima
Polymera ambigua
Polymeria ambigua (?)
Polymeria ambigua, Hibiscus menzeliae
Pouteria sericia
Premna acuminata
Ptilotus sp.
walanjarra
anmarrewahwa
wurrmarninj
marebulu
barrdjungka
nangarddemo
wayuk
mardebulhmardebulh
anbirndalbirndal
anleklek
anrol
kalawan mayawu
anngarnarrngh
anbalarra
andubirdahdubirdah
andjimdjim
anngohngo
anyakngarra
mayamaya
anbohmi
ankudda
andak
anbedjdja
anmoroworr
midjakkurr
anbirndalbirndal
anbularl
anbularl
ankunjngukbarrk
anbularl
andjimed
andjimed
ankolh
andjalkkardbam
ankardid
ankurrudjumuk
yirrbbinj
anngarradjberl
dubirdah
kalawan mayawu
andangnud
andjarirri
kundalk ngeyyak
page 72
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
page 73
Regelia punicea
andjomdji
Santalum lanceolatum
andumuk
Sauropus sp. or Philanthus sp.?
midjakkurr
Scavola sp.
anngarradjberl
Schizacea dichotoma
andjankarr
Schizachyrium sp.
kundulk ngeyyak
Scleria lingulata, Lycopodium cernuum
anmayikmud
Setaria apiculata
mirnidjokkolo
Smilax australis
anmorrng
Smilax australis
anmorrodondolem
Solanum echinatum
andjabulhdjabulh
Solemostemon scutellarioides
ankorakkora
Sorghum plumosum
wurr(u)hwayoh, wurrhkayhkoh
Spermacocce sp.
ankarnbukbuk
Spermacocce spp.
ankodjmornmorn
Stemona australiana
kankangehken
Sterculia quadrifida
anbirlahbirlang
Striga curviflora
djankarr
Symplectrodia lanosa (and another species) anyokkorol
Syzygium armstrongii
ankardadjirr
Syzygium eucalyptoides ssp. bleeseri, Syzygium fibrosum andjalbbirdo
Syzygium eucalyptoides ssp. bleeserii
andjola
Syzygium eucalyptoides ssp. eucalyptoides
anbongbow
Syzygium fibrosum
andjalbbirdo
Syzygium forte (and also possibly Syzygium minutuliflorum)
anboyberre
Syzygium minutuliflorum
anboyberre
Syzygium suborbiculare
andjarduk
Tacca leontopetaloides
andjomolon
Tephrosia sp.
merrembi
Tephrosia spp.
anburnduburndu
Terminalia carpentariae
anmobban
Terminalia erythrocarpa
anbikkurrudj
Terminalia ferdinandiana
anmarlak
Terminalia grandiflora
anbardderre
Terminalia grandiflora
anbardderre
Terminalia pterocarya
andjone
Tinospora smilacina
wurrurrumi
Triglochin procerum
birrkarn
Triodia microstachia
ankarrarndalk
Triodia microstachia
ankarrarndalk anngarrewern
Triodia plectrachnoides
ankarne
Triodia sp.?
andjadbirnalk
Triodia sp.?
ankarrarndjalhkarrarndjal
A Preliminary List of Kundedjnjenghmi Plant Names
Tylophora benthamii? possibly
Typhonium sp.
Typhonium sp.
Typhonium sp.
unidentified
unidentified
unidentified
unidentified [spinifex sp.]
unidentified
unidentified
unidentified
unidentified
unidentified
unidentified
unidentified
unidentified, possibly an acacia.
Verticordia cunninghamii
Verticordia decussata
Vigna vexillata, Vigna lanceolata
Vitex acuminata
Vitex acuminata
Vitex glabrata
Xanthostemon eucalyptoides
Xanthostemon paradoxus
Xanthostemon psidioides
Xyris spp.
Zornia nervata
anbohmi
andjanek
kubulurr
madjalkbadj
anbaddubal
anbundak
anburddjimak
andarlkbang
andjiliwirn
anmorakanbak
anngalemerrk
baywal
bilinj
ngabudjngamimidjidbilk
ngandjakorlhngandjakorlh
ankumbid
anbirrbbirr
anbularl
barddjubarr
anbalinjdja
andedjbang
ankurndalh
anyilinjbirrk
anbulu
anwarnbu
kundulk ngeyyak
anmerlemerleh
page 74