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EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
Chapter 9
Earth’s Atmosphere
Main Ideas
Lesson 1: Energy from the Sun
The Sun is the major source of energy for Earth
Lesson 2: Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
Earth’s atmosphere distributes thermal energy.
Lesson 3: Air Currents
Solar energy is responsible for the continuous movement of air in the
troposphere, which transports and distributes thermal energy around Earth.
Earth’s Atmosphere
So What?!
The Sun’s energy and Earth’s atmosphere
are critical for creating the conditions
needed for life on Earth.
EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
Energy from the Sun
Chapter 9, Lesson 1
What You’ll Learn:
•
•
•
•
•
Identify some of the differences between layers of the atmosphere.
Describe how solar radiation reaches Earth’s surface.
Understand that solar radiation has its maximum in the range of visible light.
Explain why the sky looks blue.
Identify the Sun as a constant and almost uniform source of energy for Earth.
So What?
The heat from the Sun helps keep Earth’s surface warm.
Vocabulary
Use your book to locate the definitions for the
Review Vocabulary, New Vocabulary, and
Academic Vocabulary words on page 94 of your
Science Notebook.
Earth’s Atmosphere
Identify the main components of the atmosphere and list their percentages.
Composition of Earth’s Atmosphere
Nitrogen
Oxygen
78%
21%
Particles, Water
vapor, Argon,
Carbon Dioxide,
Ozone: 1%
Layers in the Atmosphere
Identify the locations of the four layers of the atmosphere. Describe the
properties of each layer.
thermosphere
1. _______________________________
___
No defined upper limit
______________________________________
Increasing air temperature with
_____
altitude
mesosphere
stratosphere
2. _______________________________
___
troposphere
3. _______________________________
___
4. _______________________________
Holds most of Earth’s air
______________________________________
Earth’s
Surface
_____
______________________________________
_____
Summarize It!
Summarize the main ideas of the above
sections in two bullet points.
The Sun’s Continuous Spectrum
Define electromagnetic spectrum. List the 3 types of electromagnetic radiation that make up
99% of solar radiation.
Electromagnetic spectrum:The entire range of wavelength or frequencies of
electromagnetic radiation.
Solar radiation consists of:
1.
2.
3.
Ultraviolet light
Visible light
Infrared radiation
The Sun’s Continuous Spectrum
Compare and Contrast infrared and ultraviolet radiation.
*Longer
wavelength than
visible light
*Felt as heat
Invisible to
humans
*Shorter
wavelength than
visible light
*Causes skin to
tan or burn
Summarize It!
Summarize three main ideas of the above
section.
The Sun’s Continuous Spectrum
Model what happens to the Sun’s radiation that strikes Earth’s atmosphere.
Be sure to indicate
the following
statistics...
The Sun’s Power
Summarize how the angle at which the sun’s radiation strikes Earth affects temperatures.
When a beam of sunlight reaching Earth is almost perpendicular to the
surface, as occurs near the equator, the beam is concentrated over a
small area and temperatures are warmer. When sunlight strikes
Earth’s surface at a low angle, as occurs at the poles, the radiation is
spread out over a larger area.
The Sun’s Power
Create a concept map about the importance of solar energy on Earth.
Solar Energy
Provides Light
Warms Air & Land
@ Earth’s surface
Infrared Radiation
Ultraviolet Light
Visible Light
Powers Water
Cycle
Powers
Photosynthesis in
Living Organisms
Forms the Base of
the Food Chain
Summarize It!
Summarize two main ideas of the above
section.
EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
Chapter 9, Lesson 2
What You’ll Learn:
•
•
•
•
Describe how the air is heated from the lower layers of the atmosphere.
Explain why hot air rises and cold air sinks.
Distinguish the properties of the radiation emitted by the Sun from
those of the radiation emitted by Earth.
Identify the effects of greenhouse gases on Earth’s climate.
So What?
Heat energy from the Sun that is distributed through the atmosphere
helps keep Earth warm.
Vocabulary
Use your book to locate the definitions for the
Review Vocabulary, New Vocabulary, and
Academic Vocabulary words on page 98 of your
Science Notebook.
Review: Radiation, Conduction, & Convection
Conduction in Air
Complete the graphic organizer below with the 3 types of heat transfer.
Heat Transfer
Occurs by
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Convection in Air
Summarize why increasing the temperature of air changes its density.
As the temperature of air increases, the kinetic energy of its particles
increases and its molecules move farther apart. As the molecules
move farther apart, the density of the air decreases because fewer
molecules occupy the space available.
Convection in Air
Model the way in which convection currents affect air circulation patterns in a room. Use
arrows to show the path of air movement. Label the arrows to indicate warm air and cool
air.
WARM AIR
COLD AIR
Summarize It!
Summarize the main ideas of the above
sections in two bullet points.
Radiation Traveling through Space
Compare and Contrast the three forms of heat transfer.
Does it need a
medium?
How is energy
transferred?
Radiation
Conduction
Convection
no
yes
yes
As electromagnetic
waves
Through
collisions
between
particles
Through
movements
of air
Radiation Traveling through Space
Create a drawing to show how Earth maintains a radiation balance.
Radiation Traveling through Space
Create a drawing to show how Earth maintains a radiation balance.
Why is it cold at the
poles?
Radiation Traveling through Space
Identify three greenhouse gases. Then explain how scientists think greenhouse gases
might play a role in global warming.
carbon dioxide
water vapor
methane
1. __________________________
2. _______________________
3. ________________
Role in Global Warming:
Greenhouse gases prevent radiation given off by Earth from going
out into space and redirect it toward Earth. Increased amounts of
greenhouse gases are being released into the atmosphere.
Summarize It!
Summarize two main ideas of the above
sections.
EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
Air Currents
Chapter 9, Lesson 3
What You’ll Learn:
•
•
•
•
Describe how solar energy gives rise to winds.
Explain why Earth’s surface is heated unevenly.
Understand how pressure difference affect winds.
Explain how great air currents circle Earth, transporting heat and
water vapor.
So What?
Air currents transport and distribute heat throughout Earth’s
atmosphere.
Vocabulary
Use your book to locate the definitions for the
Review Vocabulary, New Vocabulary, and
Academic Vocabulary words on page 101 of
your Science Notebook.
Local Winds & Eddies
Sequence the Earth materials to indicate how rapidly each heats up when it absorbs solar
radiation.
Increasing Temperature
More Radiation Absorbed
Less Radiation Absorbed
1. Snow & Ice
3. Water
4. Forest
5. Asphalt & Concrete
2. Sand
Local Winds & Eddies
Create two diagrams to show the movement of air in an updraft and in a downdraft. Show
heated, less dense air and cooler, denser air. Use arrows to show the direction of
movement.
cooler, denser air sinks
more dense
less dense
Summarize It!
Summarize two main ideas of the above
sections.
Air Currents Around Earth
Model the directions in which winds blow in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres as a
result of the Coriolis effect.
Air Currents Around Earth
Complete the graphic organizer below to identify the cells in the three-cell model of air
movement.
Three-Cell Model
Hadley Cell
Polar Cell
From the
From the
_______toward
equator
the
_____ until
poles
poles
______ toward
theequator
________
it sinks near
until it sinks near
30°____________
latitude
60°____________
latitude
Ferrel Cell
°
Between 30° and 60°
latitude
Air Currents Around Earth
Define Jet Stream.
Jet Stream: strong,
continuous winds
found in the
troposphere.
Summarize It!
Summarize three main ideas of the above
sections.