Download Q1. There are two types of reproduction, asexual and sexual. Use

Q1.
There are two types of reproduction, asexual and sexual. Use the words in the box to
complete the sentences about reproduction.
You may use each word once or not at all.
asexual
eggs
gametes
ovaries
sexual
sperms
fertilisation
testes
inheritance
variation
The genetic information from the mother is carried in the ........................................
which are made in the ........................................ .
The genetic information from the father is carried in the ........................................
which are made in the ........................................ .
In ........................................ reproduction, offspring are produced that are genetically
different from either parent.
This happens because genetic information from each parent is carried in the
......................................... and joined together during ........................................
to develop into a fetus.
In ........................................ reproduction, genetically identical offspring are
produced because no mixing of genetic material takes place.
(Total 8 marks)
Page 1 of 12
Q2.
Geneticists study how we inherit features from our parents.
Geneticists need to know about our cell structure.
(a)
The diagram shows some structures within a cell.
Label the structures A and B shown on the diagram.
(2)
(b)
Some inherited diseases are caused by recessive alleles.
(i)
Genetic scientists can use a Punnett square to work out the probability of a child
inheriting a disease.
The mother has one dominant and one recessive allele (Aa).
The father has one dominant and one recessive allele (Aa).
Draw a Punnet square to show how a child would inherit the disease.
Clearly indicate with an arrow the child that would inherit the disease.
(4)
Page 2 of 12
(ii)
What is the probability of the child inheriting the disease?
.............................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q3.
These young rabbits look like their parents. This is because information about
characteristics such as fur colour is passed from parents to their young.
Choose words from this list to complete the sentences below.
body
genes
chromosomes
nucleus
clones
cytoplasm
sex
Information is passed from parents to their young in ............................................ cells.
Each characteristic, e.g. fur colour, is controlled by .............................................. .
The structures which carry information for a large number of characteristics are
called ................................................ .
The part of the cell which contains these structures is called the .................................. .
(Total 4 marks)
Page 3 of 12
Q4.
The use of cloned animals in food production is controversial.
It is now possible to clone ‘champion’ cows.
Champion cows produce large quantities of milk.
(a)
Describe how adult cell cloning could be used to produce a clone of a ‘champion’ cow.
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.....................................................................................................................................
(4)
Page 4 of 12
(b)
Read the passage about cloning cattle.
The Government has been accused of ‘inexcusable behaviour’ because a calf of
a cloned American ‘champion’ cow has been born on a British farm.
Campaigners say it will undermine trust in British food because the cloned cow’s
milk could enter the human food chain.
But supporters of cloning say that milk from clones and their offspring is as safe
as the milk we drink every day.
Those in favour of cloning say that an animal clone is a genetic copy. It is not the
same as a genetically engineered animal. Opponents of cloning say that
consumers will be uneasy about drinking milk from cloned animals.
Use the information in the passage and your own knowledge and understanding to
evaluate whether the government should allow the production of milk from cloned
‘champion’ cows.
Remember to give a conclusion to your evaluation.
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(5)
(Total 9 marks)
Page 5 of 12
Q5.
The drawing shows a potato plant producing new tubers (potatoes). Buds on the stem of the
parent plant produce stolons. The new tubers are formed at the ends of the stolons (stems that
grow downwards).
(a)
Explain why the new tubers are genetically identical to each other.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
Some of the tubers are used to produce potato plants. These new potato plants will not all
grow to the same height.
Give one reason why.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
Page 6 of 12
Q6.
The diagram shows how an immature egg could be used either to produce cells to treat
some human diseases or to produce a baby.
Scientists may be allowed to use this technique to produce cells to treat some human diseases,
but not to produce babies.
Using information from the diagram, suggest an explanation for this.
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(Total 4 marks)
Page 7 of 12
M1.
eggs
accept gamete once
1
ovaries
1
sperms
accept gamete once
1
testes
1
sexual
1
gametes
allow egg and sperm once
1
fertilisation
1
asexual
1
[8]
M2.
(a)
A – chromosome
1
B – gene
accept allele
1
(b)
(i)
mother’s alleles correct
1
father’s alleles correct
1
all correct crosses
1
affected child indicated
1
if parents not identified accept both sets of parental alleles correct
(Aa and Aa) for 1 mark
Page 8 of 12
(ii)
25% or 0.25 or ¼
1
[7]
M3.
sex
genes
chromosomes
nucleus
in order
for 1 mark each
[4]
M4.
(a)
any four from:
•
nucleus / DNA / chromosomes / genetic material removed
(from egg)
•
from (unfertilised) egg / ovum
linked to second point
allow ‘empty egg cell’ for first two marks
do not allow fertilised egg
allow egg from champion cow
•
nucleus from body cell of champion (cow)
•
inserted into egg / ovum
•
electric shock
•
to make cell divide or develop into embryo
•
(embryo) inserted into womb / host / another cow
allow this point if wrong method eg
embryo splitting
4
(b)
any four from:
Pros: Max 3 marks
•
economic benefit eg increased yield / more profit
•
clone calf not genetically engineered
•
genetic material not altered
•
milk safe to drink / same as ordinary milk
Page 9 of 12
Cons: Max 3 marks
•
consumer resistance
•
caused by misunderstanding process
•
not proved that milk is safe
ignore ‘God would not like it’ or ‘it’s not natural’
•
ethical / religious argument
•
reduce gene pool / eg
4
Conclusion:
sensible conclusion for or against, substantiated by information
from the passage and / or own knowledge
conclusion at end
1
[9]
M5.
(a) grow from parents,
by vegetative reproduction/asexual reproduction/
no sexual reproduction
for 1 mark each
2
(b)
e.g. different environmental conditions/named condition
for 1 mark
1
[3]
Page 10 of 12
M6.
any four from:
•
cells used to treat diseases do not go on to produce a baby
•
produces identical cells for research
•
cells would not be rejected
•
allow cells can form different types of cells
•
(immature) egg contains only genetic information / DNA /
genes / chromosomes from mother or there is only one parent
•
asexual / no mixing of genetic material / no sperm involved /
no fertilisation or chemical causes development
•
baby is a clone
•
reference to ethical / moral / religious issues
allow ethically wrong
NB cloning is illegal gains 2 marks
ignore unnatural
•
risk of damage to the baby
in correct context
[4]
Page 11 of 12
Page 12 of 12