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Chapter 13: Reading in the Social Sciences Academic Reading, Fifth Edition by Kathleen T. McWhorter © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Learning Objectives: To learn why social sciences are “sciences” To discover specialized reading techniques for the social sciences To learn what common thought patterns to anticipate To adapt your study techniques for social science courses © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers The Scientific Approach All social sciences use the scientific method, which is a systematic way of drawing conclusions about events or observations. Five steps in the “scientific approach” 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Problem or Research Question. Observations. Formulation of Hypothesis/ Research Design. Data Analysis. © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Characteristics of Social Sciences 1. The emphasis is on facts. 2. Many new terms are introduced. 3. Graphics are important. 4. Research references are stressed. 5. Theories and their creators are emphasized. © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Specialized Reading Techniques 1. Identify Key Terms Terms that describe general behavior and organizational patterns Names of stages and processes Laws, principles, theories, and models Names of important researchers and theorists 2. Understand Theories © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Specialized Reading Techniques 3. Read Research Reports Determine who conducted the research. Identify its purpose. Find out how the research was done. Understand the research results. Find out what theory the results support. Discover the implications and applications of the research. 4. Read to Make Comparisons © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Specialized Reading Techniques 5. Read to Make Practical Applications Example: “Project the key political issues that will be involved in the next presidential election.” 6. Focus on Large Ideas © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Thought Patterns in the Social Sciences Comparison and contrast Cause and Effect Listing Definition © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Adapting Your Study Techniques Schedule 2-3 hour blocks of time per week for reading, review, and study. Recognize that understanding is not the same as learning and recall. Use the SQ3R system to learn material. Review frequently. © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Adapting Your Study Techniques Make connections between topics and chapters. Use the study guide if there is one. Keep a log of total hours studied per week to maintain motivation. © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Summary Questions: What are six specialized reading techniques for the social sciences? What are the four thought patterns that predominate in the social sciences? What are some tips for adapting your study techniques to the social sciences? © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers Read the article on sociology and complete the activities following the selection. “Crowd Behavior” by J. Ross Eshleman, Barbara J. Cashion, and Laurence A. Basirico © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers