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Chemistry Semester II Exam Review Chp 25 Nuclear Chemistry 1. What particle is needed to complete the following nuclear equation? Mn ____ + e 2. When radium-226 (atomic number 88) decays by emitting an alpha particle, it becomes ____. 3. The charge on a gamma ray is ____. 4. What particle is needed to complete the following equation? N + ____ C+ H 5. Which type of coolant(s) usually is (are) used to remove heat from a nuclear reactor core? 6. Control rods made of ____. 7. What particle does argon-39 (atomic number 18) emit when it decays to potassium-39 (atomic number 19)? 8. The least penetrating form of radiation is ____. 9. What particle is emitted in alpha radiation? 10. Controlled nuclear chain reactions ____. 11. To what element does polonium-208 (atomic number 84) decay when it emits an alpha particle? 12. A beta particle is a(n) ____. 13. Which symbol is used for an alpha particle? 14. What is the approximate half-life of uranium-238? 15. What is the change in the atomic number when an atom emits an alpha particle? 16. What is the change in atomic number when an atom emits a beta particle? 17. What particle is needed to complete this nuclear reaction? Rn Po + _____ 18. Which of the following materials is most effective for stopping gamma radiation? 19. The concentration of carbon-14 in a piece of wood from an ancient burial mound indicates that two half-lives of this radioisotope have passed. If the half-life (t ) for carbon-14 is 5730 years, approximately how many years ago did this sample of wood die? 20. If the half-life of sodium-24 is 15 hours, how much remains from a 10.0-g sample after 60 hours? 21. If the half-life of a radioactive material is 8 years, how many years will it take for one half of the original amount of material to decay? 22. Complete the following nuclear reaction: U He + Th 23. The radioisotope radon-222 has a half-life of 3.8 days. How much of a 73.9-g sample of radon-222 would be left after approximately 23 days?